Izwi rose rezve genetic code

Iti genetic code inonyanya kukoshesa ruzivo rwechizvarwa nerubatsiro rwe nucleic acid molecules . Kubva pane zvinyorwa izvi , majini anochengetedza zvakakodzera kushandiswa kwemapurotini nemakemikari mumuviri, nokudaro kusarudza metabolism. Uyewo, chimiro chemaprotinini nemabasa avo chinotsanangurwa nenzvimbo uye kuumbwa kweamino acids - zvikamu zvemuumbi weprotein molecule.

Pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, majekwe akaonekwa, ayo akaparadzanisa nzvimbo dze deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated - DNA). Nucleotide links dzinoumba unhu hwakapetwa kaviri mumakemikoro eDNA akabatanidzwa nenzira yehupenyu.

Masayendisiti akawana kuwirirana pakati pemakemikari uye makemikari ekugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, icho chinonyanya kukosha kuti urongwa hwekugadzirisa amino acids mumapuroteni mamolekemu zvakakwana zvakaenzana nehutano hweiucleotides mujeni. Sezvo pave nekugadzira hukama huno, masayendisiti akasarudza kududzira genetic code, i.e. Ita mitemo yemanyorerano ezvigadziriswa zvinoronga zve nucleotides kuenda kune DNA uye amino acids mumapuroteni.

Kune mhando ina chete ye nucleotides:

1) A - adenyl;

2) G - guanyl;

3) T - thymidyl;

4) C - cytidyl.

Kuumbwa kwemapurotini kunosanganisira makumi maviri emarudzi e-basic amino acids. Nekujekesa kweiyo genetic code, matambudziko akamuka, sezvo nucleotides yakawanda kudarika amino acid. Pakugadzirisa dambudziko iri, zvakataurwa kuti amino acids inodhindwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze nucleotides matatu (iyo inonzi codon kana katatu).

Kana tikaverenga zvose zvinokwanisika kusanganiswa, ipapo hutatu hwakadaro huchava 64, kureva, katatu kupfuura amino acids - zvinopfuura katatu zvakawanikwa.

Mukuwedzera, zvakanga zvakafanira kutsanangura kuti zvikamu zvitatu zvakatarisana nejeni zviripi. Saka kwaive nemapoka matatu makuru ezvinyorwa:

1) katatu kutevera imwe mushure mimwe ichienderera mberi, i.e. Nyora code yakasimba;

2) katatu zvakarongedzwa nechinangwa che "zvisina maturo" nzvimbo, i.e. Izvo zvinonzi "makasita" uye "ndima" zvinoumbwa mumutsetse;

3) katatu inogona kudarika, i E. Kuguma kwekutanga kwekutanga kunogona kutanga kutanga.

Panguva ino yemazuva ano, nheyo yekodhi yekuenderera mberi inonyanya kushandiswa.

The genetic code and its properties

1) Kumbani yetatu - inoumbwa nekubatanidza kwemashoko matatu emasikodoti anogadzira codon.

2) Iti genetic code inowedzera - iyi ndiyo migumisiro yekufamba kwayo. Rimwe amino acid inogona kunyorwa nemakodon akawanda, sezvo codons, maererano nemasvomhu kuverenga, katatu kupfuura amino acids. Mamwe macodon anoita mamwe mabasa ekugumisa: vamwe vanogona "kurega zviratidzo" zvinoronga kuguma kwekugadzirwa kweamino acid chain, asi vamwe vanogona kuratidza kutanga kwekodha kuverenga.

3) Iti genetic code yakasiyana-siyana - imwe chete yemamino acid inogona kufanana nemumwe wemakodon.

4) Iti genetic code ine chinyararire, i.e. Kurongeka kwe nucleotides uye kuenzaniswa kweamino acid kunonyatsoenderana.

5) Nhamba yacho yakanyorwa zvakapfurikidza uye yakagadzikana, hakuna "nonsense" nucleotides mairi. Inotanga neimwe chikwata chetatu, chinotsiviwa nechinotevera chisina kupera uye chinoguma ne stop codon.

6) Izwi remagetsi rine unhu rose - mazamu ehupenyu chero hupi zvaro anokonzera ruzivo pamusoro pemapurotini nenzira yakafanana. Izvo hazvibvi pamusana pehutano hwekuoma kunzwisisa kwekusangana kwehupenyu kana hutsika yake.

Sayenzi yemazuva ano inoratidza kuti ruzivo rwemagetsi runomuka zvakananga kana chimiro chitsva chiberekwa kubva pfupa nyaya. Kuchinja kusinganzwisisiki uye kushanduka kwezvinhu zvinogadzirisa chero zvingasarudzwa pane imwe nzira, i.e. Amino acids inogona kugadziridzwa mune imwe nzira. Sei chikwata che code ichi chichiripo munguva yekushanduka-shanduka, nei chirevo chiripo uye chiri nechimiro chakafanana? Izvo zvakanyanya sasi inodzidza pamusoro pechiratidzo che genetic code, zvinowedzera zvitsva zvinoshamisa.