Technical design - nayo ... Definition, marudzi uye kupatsanura

Technical design - iri mashandiro, zvekushandisa kunzwisisa muchina, nezvimwewo, mumwe murume-akaita chakagadzirwa kunoreva kuita chero mabasa ... Kukura midziyo uye zvigadzirwa runoita kushanda mumunda yepamusorosoro nevakangwara kugadzirwa, anopa chaizvo kuti pakuzadzisa nesayenzi, ruzivo, inovhura mikana horizons.

The Mhando chikuru namano

Technical mudziyo - sechekushandisa kutsanya uye vakarongeka budiriro okuwana zvinangwa, dzavanhu, zvokurapa, mutengi, nemamwe maitiro. Panguva ino zuva unyanzvi inoshanda kwose kwose, kwava zvisingaiti kuwana nzvimbo yebasa kwevanhu, havashandisi zano, kurerutsa zvikuru pezvakaitwa zvose. Technical mano havasi yezvisikwa kupatsanura uye akakamurwa huru marudzi kushanda:

• Industrial.
• Household.
• Kadambari.
• Construction uye kugadzwa.
• Road.
• Medical uye t. D.

Ose hwokugadzira mudziyo - munhu wose-siyana zvingangoitika kuminda basa Conjugate. Somuenzaniso, maturusi uye tambo Zviridzwa akashandiswa maindasitiri nemauto, uye kumba. Kirasi Separate zvinosanganisira mano rakagadzirirwa kuhondo, kudzivirira, nzvimbo.

nyaya

Zvichitevera yaDarwin, husingaoneki tsoko, iyo atora rutanda, yava rakavapo kuti evanhu. Nhasi dzidziso iyi, kunyange chaiwo, asi nharo. Munhoroondo iyi chii Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti tsvimbo ndiye wokutanga hwokugadzira mudziyo izvo zvinhu zvaiva kubudirira. Ivepo chinyakare murume anovhima zvinobudirira kudzivirira uye kushandisa nokugadzirwa zvinoreva - boomerangs, namapfumo, ibwe namatemo, awls, etc ...

In Nzvimbo zano nyore yakagadzirwa nematombo uye namatanda akasvika ndarira nesimbi nyaya. Evolution kuoma yevanhu pfungwa, uye akatanga kuonekwa motokari yokutanga, zvokurima michina, hydraulic zvivako uye nyore zvigadziriswe - vhiri Unit, mhikuriso, etc ...

zvekushandisa budiriro

Wokutanga chimurenga maindasitiri muzana remakore rechi18 uye vakauya michini, mano, zvigadziriswe, kukura yatiri kuona ikozvino. Kugadzirwa of hwemvura injini akabatsira kupfeka aibuda vakawanda kugadzirwa uye kwaita kuti kuderera pakati artisanal kugadzira muitiro, akachinja zvikuru munzanga maumbirwo vanhu. Created muzana remakore rechi19 dzomunyika injini kwakakonzera kuti kukura uye kuramba kuvandudzika pamusoro modes zvose yokufambisa. Paiva rakaita wokuzvidzora propelled michina, kugona nzvimbo.

New michina dzakasikwa, huve nyore zvikuru kuvakwa migwagwa, kuvaka uye mugodhi uye zvichingodaro. The chidzoke uye kushandisa magetsi chamuita kuti mhando itsva unyanzvi mano - haasi chiedza chete, asiwo redhiyo engineering, redhiyo zvemagetsi, hope nzvimbo ubanguranyika akarega kuva shamisa. Early remakore rechi20 aizivikanwa pakatanga kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa, wokutanga kadambari zvokushandisa, wokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite kwakatangwa muchadenga.

Maererano nenyanzvi, chinotevera Danho kukura chokuita Nanotechnology uye hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu, yepamusoro tsvakurudzo uye vokutanga nokubudirira mune izvi hwokugadzira mano vaisarudzwa mukupera remakore rechi20.

zviratidzi

Technical mudziyo - dzinoverengeka unhu, zvatariswa zvakafanira pamazita zvivako zviri zvakajairika kuti mhando dzose midziyo:

• Performance. Chero Mudziyo pa chikwata nguva pave (processing ruzivo), transports, unobereka uye t. D. epamusoro pasina zvinopesana unhu, zvikuru zvokufambisa mudziyo.
• Kuvimbika. It vakatsunga qualitatively uye kukwanisa kushandisa yakavimbika panguva oparesheni yose nguva.
• Mukurumari. Zvinosanganisira pfungwa mbiri - mumuviri uye tsika kudzikira. Kazhinji midziyo anokwanisa kuita chaiyo kushanda, asi mari huchishanda kare maturo, nekuti havasi kusangana kuchengeteka zvinodiwa, simba mari, uye zvichingodaro. D. The chidzoke okukura itsva kunosanganisira kuzvitsinhanisa ane nzira itsva michina mudziyo. chizvarwa chitsva michina kazhinji anogadziriswa rakasiyana-siyana mabasa.
• Economy. Nhamba zvokunyama mari yebasa, kwerunyararo Namano uwandu kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa (zvokufambisa, unonyatsoruramisa uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Improvement nechimwe paakati - basa rwokugadzirwa mberi uye anonzi "mazuvaano". Mumakore mashoma emakore takawana kushanda mu kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka waivako, ergonomics, aesthetic zvinoriumba namano. Mukuwedzera hwokugadzira uye utilitarian unhu, Developers dziri kuteerera shungu kushandiswa (kuderedza kukuvara) uye inofadza chitarisiko mano, zvimwe vagadziri vari vaizoisa chete pamusoro munzvimbo idzi yokuchinja. parameters Vakawanda michina nzira dziri nokudzorwa nemitemo panguva mamiriro pamwero.

mapepa

Technical design - ndiko kuva nounhu kuti rinogona kushandiswa chero munda. Production uye mashandiro takatsunga mitemo uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinodiwa, inorondedzerwa mapepa, iyo yaipiwa pamwe mudziyo mumwe nomumwe.

magwaro Key yaisanganisira mubhokisi:

• Product Data Sheet. Rine nokurondedzerwa vari chinoratidzwa vamapoka munhoroondo mabasa, simba, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kazhinji pasipoti nechimwe ruzivo pamusoro mamiriro unyanzvi, zvichiita kugadziridza, kuti garandi nguva, uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Operating Instructions. Gwaro rinotsanangura nokushanda nheyo, kukura kwebasa chikumbiro, okuchengetera uye mashandiro mitemo, nzira inoraswa neyokufambisa.
• Mirayiridzo naro, kanda, dzichengete, mhanya-mu. Gwaro iri rakanyorwa maindasitiri Namano chaiyo uchishandisa ezvinhu.
• Label. Akaisa zvakananga pamusoro chigadzirwa, kana zvakafanira Data kuti oparesheni uye kutanga-up anobvumawo vaifanira mashanu zvinhu uye njere kuva nepasipoti.

Chero hwokugadzira mudziyo - chikwata okuwana zvinoberekwa maindasitiri nzira. Documentation nokuti vanofanira kusangana mitemo chinyatsotsanangurwa muna ESKD, kana ESPD ESTD.

Ngozi rwokugadzira mano

Mhando ngozi mano avo vari mubishi anogona kushandiswa kukuvara utano (upenyu) hwevanhu kuchengeteka michina yakakodzera kana avo ayo kushanda mune zvakatipoteredza ngozi.

The mhando huru:

• Hurongwa uye midziyo kushanda pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa (pamusoro 0,07 MPa) kana mukuru tembiricha (pamusoro 115 ° C).
• Facilities rakagadzirirwa Kusimudza mitoro inorema (Cranes, panhongonya migwagwa, platforms, escalators, uye zvichingodaro. D.).
• Mano uye mugadziriro gasi manwiro michina (boilers, gasi cookers, mhuri uye t. D.).
• Technical mano uye zvokushandisa Welding basa mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi.
• Electrical midziyo pamwe kuputika (mapoka 1,2), mucheri magetsi.
• Mano, midziyo, michina mafuta uye gasi indasitiri (rigs chokumisa anosimudza, kugadzirwa midziyo uye zvichingodaro. D.).
• Mining vangu mano, kubudiswa zvokushandisa ose kukura uye kuchera zvicherwa dzokubudisa (midziyo migodhi, midziyo migodhi, nenyunje mano, geologorazvedcheskaya michini uye zvichingodaro. D.).
• Equipment nokuti huru marudzi mapaipi.
• Equipment makemikari zvinomera munzvimbo dzose (kushanda iri putika mhepo, kushandiswa Vacuum, cryogenic, kukuya chirimwa, uye zvichingodaro. D.).
• Equipment uye tehustroystvo metallurgia emakambani pakubhadhara zvose.
• Electric romoto (chinhu chakakombama, induction, utsotso, kudziyisa nezvimwe vira).
• Mapaipi uye zvinoriumba dzavo, Fittings ngozi maindasitiri.
• Mano kuti kudzora michina uye zvenhengo uye nezvimwewo.

A mapepa anokosha hunodzorwa nokushandisa yakachengeteka zvokushandisa zvemarudzi ose mano, ruzivo uye zvaidiwa mitemo kunovimbisa ndichengetedze upenyu uye utano mushandi ose, uye kazhinji yose zvavakanga vachida kuita. Ndosaka vanoti kuti chinhu chese kuchengeteka zvakanyorwa neropa.

udzvanyiriri

Nokuti mumwe nomumwe basa ikoko uye nguva dzose upgraded michina. Operation unyanzvi mano akaipa nokudzorwa mitemo zvaitaurwa muna Chinyorwa kushandiswa. Mumwe Enterprise basa ikoko, tasked pamwe vachiongorora kuti Implementation vakachengetedzeka mitemo uye mashandiro motokari, michina, midziyo.

Maererano dzakawanda zvinodiwa kushanda neimwe mashandiro zvinogona kuongororwa norubatsiro kuyera zviridzwa. Izvi zvinoita kudzora oparesheni, troubleshooting, kuita Tuning zvokushandisa uye kumisa basa iri zvinoitirwawo zvaonekwa kukuvara kana kutyisidzira tsaona.

Repair, Nokuraramisa uye yokudzivisa rechengetedzo

Mushure nokugadzirisa kutanga uye nokushanda midziyo kunouya nguva munguva iyi pane zvishoma nezvishoma vapfeke magungano, zvigadziriswe, uye zvichingodaro. D. Mushure imwe nguva kushandiswa mune pasipoti kunoda kudzivirira rwokugadzira mudziyo. Maintenance uye kugadzira ndiwo mutoro zvavakanga vachida kuita basa, izvo anoshanda midziyo, kana chaiwo zvinhu, mune nyaya mhuri midziyo yemagetsi. All ajaira kuti motokari anofanira kuva nenguva iroro tsika iripo neipi mashandiro.

Preventative matanho kubatsira kurebesa upenyu namano avo inobudirira oparesheni. Major of midziyo basa zvacho zvakafanana algorithm:

• Tarisa mukuru mamiriro nodes, mano, chadzo mamiriro mudziyo nemaziso uye michina tambo nzira.
• Ongorora dhigirii kukuvara, vanopfeka uye misodzi midziyo uye zvikamu pakutsiva vatsva kana zvakakodzera.
• Kuvhenekwa nokutumwa pamusoro mudziyo pashure kugadzira uye kugadzira, kutanga kushanda.
• Kana mudziyo tsika magadzirirwo yechinyakare, yakanga yachinja kuti chikwata pamwe yepamusoro zvinhu.
• Panoperera upenyu Nokuraramisa chikwata inofanira namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye kuraswa maererano nemitemo vanotenderwa.