Distemper muRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17, zvinokonzera, nzendo, migumisiro

The Troubles pakutanga XVII remakore, preconditions, pamatanho ichakurukurwa pashure - nhoroondo nguva, achiperekedzwa dzinongoitika dzoga, zvakadzika socio-zvoupfumi uye paruzhinji-enyika nematambudziko. The akaoma ezvinhu nyika zvinowedzerwa uye vokuPoland-Swedish kupindira.

The Troubles ramakore rechi17 kuRussia: Zvinokonzera

Nematambudziko kunge kukonzerwa zvinhu zvinoverengeka. matambudziko okutanga yakaitika, maererano vanyori venhau, nekuda kugumiswa ari Rurik youmambo uye hondo pakati roumambo simba uye boyars. Last akaedza kuchengetedza uye kusimbisa rezvematongerwe enyika uye enhancement tsika neropafadzo. Umambo, nekusiyana, akaedza kupedza masimba aya. Boyars, mukuwedzera, kuzoraira zvinowanika Zemstvo. Basa mukirasi iyi hunoyerwa ne nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda okusafarira. Vanyori venhau vanoti kuti Zvinotaurwa Knights ikava zvakananga hondo kurwisa tsarist hurumende. chivande ravo zvikuru inokanganisa panzvimbo pamambo. Ndizvo akasika yakaorera ivhu paiva kupesana muRussia. Pakutanga XVII remakore rakanga dzinoratidzwa chete kubva upfumi pfungwa maonero. Situation munyika yakanga yakaoma zvikuru. Naizvozvo kuti dambudziko iri vakabatana matambudziko enyika uye munzanga.

The upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu

Distemper muRussia pakutanga rechi17 rakaenderana danidziro kuti kukunda Grozny uye wokuLivonia War. Matanho aya akabvunza ne zvibereko mauto kunetseka zvikuru. An zvikuru inokanganisa upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu panyatwa muna Veliky Novgorod, uye kumanikidzwa misha kwokushumira vanhu. Saka ndakatanga kutanga Troubles muRussia. Pakutanga rechi17 yakanga kwakaratidzwa kwakapararira nzara. Muna 1601-1603 vashatisa zviuru zviduku mapurazi.

pasocial kusawirirana

Distemper muRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17 rakanga chakasimudzira kuramba huripo kurongeka negurumwandira mupoteri vanhuwo zvavo, varombo vomuguta, mapurisa Cossacks uye Cossack freemen, vakawanda servicemen. Akasuma oprichnina, maererano vamwe vatsvakurudzi, yekudyidzana vasanyanya kuremekedzwa uye kuvimba vanhu mutemo uye simba.

The chiitiko rokutanga

Sezvo Smoot akatanga kukudziridza muRussia? Pakutanga rechi17, mune pfupi, akaita rakaenderana rearrangement mauto ari madenderedzwa mutongo. Vanotyisa mugari wenhaka wokutanga Fedor asina zvakafanira utariri unyanzvi. Mwanakomana muduku, Dmitri, panguva iyoyo achiri mucheche. Pakafa venhaka Rurik dzinza achatapudzwa. Kuti simba aswedera mhuri boyar - Godunovs uye Yuriev. Muna 1598-M akatora chigaro Boris Godunov. The nguva kubva 1601 kusvika 1603. Yakanga asingabereki. Nechando haana kurega muzhizha uye autumn, muna September, yakanga snowing. The Kuzarurwa nzara aiti vanenge hafu yemiriyoni vanhu. Ndaneta vanhu vakaenda kuMoscow, uko ivo vakapa chingwa uye mari. Asi matanho aya chete yakawedzera matambudziko emari. The landlords havana kukwanisa zvokudya varanda uye varanda, uye vakavadzinga. Kusiyiwa pasina zvokudya nepokugara, vanhu vakava vaita zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye ugororo.

Lzhedmitry kutanga

Distemper muRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17 rakaenderana kupararira makuhwa kuti Tsarevich Dmitry mupenyu. It vakatevera kuti Boris Godunov aiva pachigaro zvisiri pamutemo. Anoedzesera Dmitrii akazivisa kwakatangira ake Adam Wiśniowiecki, muchinda Lithuanian. Pashure paizvozvo, akasangana navo Ezhi Mnishekom, Polish magnate uye Ragon, yemisangano nuncio. Pakutanga 1604 Lzhedmitry 1 akagamuchira iri vateereri pamwe Mambo kwePoland. Kwapera nguva munyengeri yeRoma. Falsdmitry kodzero vave kuzivikanwa naMambo Sigismund. Key akabvumira wose kuti vabatsire kuti Russian chamber.

Pamukova Moscow

Chenhema Dmitry akapinda muguta muna 1605, gore rechi20 rokutonga June. Boyars, akatungamirirwa Belsky pachena akabvuma Prince ake of Moscow uye akakodzera mugari wenhaka. Panguva yokutonga kwake, Dmitry Wenhema yaitungamirirwa muPoland uye akaedza kuita zvimwe zvinhu. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanokudzwa kuziva Mvumo kwake. Pakarepo shure kusvika Venhema Dmitry, Shuya akatanga kuparadzira runyerekupe pamusoro kutevedzera ake. Muna 1606, pakati May, kushora vanhu boyars yaingoda mabasa vokuparidzira pamusoro wePolish adventurers, uyo akauya muMoscow kumuchato Falsdmitry, vakamukira. Panguva munyengeri ake akaurayiwa. The kuuya nesimba Shuya, anomirira bazi Suzdal of Rurik, kudzikama mune hurumende asina. Nechokumaodzanyemba akaputsa yakapanduka Bolotnikov, randakapiwa kufamba "mbavha." Events 1606-1607 biennium. anotsanangura RG Skrynnikov. "Russia pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 Smoot." - bhuku yaakasika pahwaro yakawanda inonzi zvinhu.

Venhema Dmitry II

Kunyange zvakadaro, nyika ichiri runyerekupe pamusoro kunoshamisa Kununurwa muchinda pamutemo. Muna 1607, muzhizha, Starodub, munhu anoedzesera itsva. Distemper muRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17 mberi. Pakazopera 1608 Lzhedmitry 2 akaita kupararira simba rayo riri Yaroslavl, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Vologda, Galich, Uglich, Kostroma, Vladimir. Anoedzesera vakagara mumusha Tushino. Takagara akatendeka guru Kazan, Novgorod, Smolensk, Kolomna, Novgorod, Pereslavl-Ryazan.

Semiboyarshina

Mumwe kiyi zviitiko kuti ndipo Troubles kuRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17, yakava chimurenga. Shuya aiva nesimba akanga abviswa. Mamaneja Board munyika akamira boyars nomwe - Semiboyarshina. Sezvo Russian chamber , vakaziva Vsevolod, vaPolish Prince. Vagari vomumaguta mazhinji vakapika Falsdmitry 2. Pakati pavo paiva avo vakanga vachangobva akashora anoedzesera. Kutyisidzirwa chaiye Nedzenhema Dmitry II akamanikidza dare kuti kurega boyars muMoscow basa Lithuanian Polish mauto. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti vaizova kukonesa munyengeri. Zvisinei, Venhema Dmitry wakayambirwa nezvazvo uye nokukurumidza akasiya musasa.

varwi

Distemper muRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17 mberi. Zvakatanga yenyika yekusunungura sangano. It vakabatsira kuti paumbwe anopamba. murayiro wokutanga aikudzwa pakati Lyapunov Ryazan. Iye chakatsigirwa vatsigiri Venhema Dmitry II. Pakati pavo paiva machinda Shakhovskoy, Troubetzkoy, Masalskaya, Cherkassy nevamwe. On kurutivi anopamba uye waivawo Cossack freemen, chine musoro Ataman Zarutsky. Sangano wechipiri vakatanga achitungamirirwa Kuzma Minin. Akakokwa semutungamiri Pozharsky. Muna 1612, muchirimo, pedyo Moscow uchava wokutanga varwi akapika mhiko kuna Venhema Dmitry retatu. Varwi Minin uye Pozharsky vakatadza kutaura guru, apo vatsigiri ringangodaro raitonga ikoko munyengeri. Panyaya iyi, ivo vakaita misasa yavo Yaroslavl. Mukupera August, varwi vakauya Moscow. In dzakatevedzana hondo akasunungurwa ari Kremlin, vokuPoland ravarwi pokugara payo capitulated. Kwapera nguva, mambo mutsva akasarudzwa. Vakava Mikhail Fedorovich.

migumisiro

Enzanisa Troubles muRussia mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi17 kuti simba rayo rokuparadza nokudzika matambudziko munyika, iwe unogona pamwe chete ne mamiriro munyika nguva Mongol nechisimba. Nguva iyi yakaoma zvikuru muupenyu ehurumende dzakaguma muna huru miganhu nezvinhu, upfumi kuderera. Troubles Great kutanga ramakore rechi17, yakauraya upenyu zvisingaverengeki. Yakaparadzwa maguta mazhinji, arable nyika nemisha. Vagari ichiri chaizvo kwenguva refu wokugadzirisa kune yapfuura nhanho. Maguta akawanda mumaoko evavengi, uye akaramba ari mumaoko avo mashoma zvikuru emakore. Kuderedza nzvimbo anorimwa nyika.