1612: chokwadi, zviitiko, migumisiro

The chiitiko izvo ukurumbire 1612, vakaburukira munhau sezvo pakuguma Nguva Troubles uye kutanga munyika kusunungurwa kubva Polish uto kuvapo. gore rino chaiva chiitiko chikuru yeramangwana, iye nheyo kwokupedzisira kudzingwa pakati Poles. Zvinonzi ikozvino vaidavira kuti zvakanga vachikudza zororo iri rinopembererwa National Unity aiva November. History of 1612 hazvigoni kunzi pasina kuongorora dzokutambura zviitiko. Izvi zvine musoro, nekuti munzira dzakawanda panguva ino - kwokupedzisira munguva imwe padanho iri kukura ehurumende. Sezvo vose vari kiyi gore munhoroondo, 1612-ndipo zvakanga kure nyore.

1612: Ayakaita

Pasinei nokuti pamazuva Troubles mune mabhuku akawanda kwakaratidza makore 1605-1612, mbeu dambudziko dzakadyarwa pakarepo afa Ivan vanotyisa, wokupedzisira Rurik dzinza.

Pakafa mutungamiriri simba, havana kusiya chete simba mutsivi, nyika yakatanga kutambura pasi kurema internecine kupesana pakati boyars uye kakawanda vachirwisa nevavakidzani dzakawanda. Venhaka Ivan anotyisa vaiva, asi vakafa, saka simba akapfuura Godunov. Yaiva nguva yakaoma, nekuti pakutanga kwezana rechi16 uye rechi17 emakore akaputsa nzara, izvo Akaperekedzwa kwakapararira zvikwata uye yakakwirira hunofa pakati vanhuwo zvavo. Rakabatanidzwa nokusingaperi yechiLatvian Polish yaingopambwa anoita Nguva Troubles here rima nguva munhoroondo Russia. Against ichi nechekumashure, mudenderedzwa boyars akabviswa pachigaro Godunov, achivaudza kuti iye Yakabata simba zvisiri pamutemo, uye kuti kutonga kwake chinopesana nokuda kwaMwari. Pashure paizvozvo kaviri paaizooneka anofungidzirwa kuponeswa uye kurarama zvizvarwa Ivan vanotyisa - Venhema Dmitry, asi ivo akatonga kuti refu. In pekufa enyika kusagadzikana ezvinhu Russia Akazova nyore kune dzimwe nechisimba. Poland haana kurasikirwa mukana kubvuta simba munyika simba pasina mutongi.

Kuwedzera kusunungurwa mweya

Mumakore mashomanana kusvikira zvakaitika muna 1612, akatanga rusununguko kumukira vatorwa. Kutsigira mauto Shuya mutengo Karelian County vakatenga hondo Swedish.

Mauto uhwu hwakatanga vakakundwa zvikurukuru nokuti kutengeswa varwi German vavo yezwi muvengi. Izvi zvakazarura nzira kuMoscow.

Magamba vanhu - Minin uye Pozharsky

Minin akasarudzwa kuti basa mukuru nevarwi masangano Nizhny Novgorod. Akaunganidza zvinodiwa hondo wemuno - mhuri imwe neimwe yakanga vanosungirwa kuti vanenge 20% ukoshi hwayo. Pozharsky akava mutungamiriri rechiuto. Akanga asina chokuita nezvavatorwa nechisimba, saka vanhu vakaungana vakamukomberedza. Zvimwe zvinonzi akasarudza chii achava 1612 munhau. Vatungamiri akatumira tsamba paaikurudzira kubatana pamhirizhonga iyoyo. Vanhu vakabvuma chikumbiro. Kubva makona ose enyika akatanga kusvika muna Yaroslavl vanhu kugadzirira kudanidziro. Varwi akamira ipapo kusvikira pakupera kwezhizha. Pozharsky akanga achiparidza munhau echiuto, uye Minin akatora pamusoro upfumi utariri. Mauto akaita kuti pfuura Moscow yechipiri yezana August.

Moscow Kutyisidzirwa

Pasinei nokuti yokukomba anopamba akatanga muna August, yakaguma muna October mune hwekare manyorerwo. Nokudaro, Poles vagara muguta. Kwavari, 1612 akanga asiri yakanakisisa - urongwa apera, uye kusvika transports aifanira kumirira kwenguva refu. Zuva mushure kusvika vapanduki vakauya uye akamirira mudungwe wemabhazi. Kusiyana tarisiro, hondo iyi rinokunda anopamba. Ivo zvikuru chikwereti chavo kukunda kuna Minin, kuti ave akashinga musoja uye anokwanisa nzira. Zvisaririra yakaputsika mudungwe wemabhazi vakadzokera shure uye Russian vava zvokudya, saka zvakakodzera nenzara matanda uye boyars of Kremlin masvingo.

Complete kushaya zvokudya kwakakonzerwa kwete chete refu mwero wokufa kwevanhu, asi dzakawanda zviitiko kudya vanhu vari ravarwi.

Moscow Sturm

Sturm simba ravarwi akatanga musi 22 October, uye Poles vakanga vadzingwa Chinatown. Russian akapinda Kremlin 24 October. Yaiva November 1612 - kureva kuti, nhamba 4 sezvinoita itsva. Musi uyu ikozvino kupembererwa sezvo zororo kubva yemubatanidzwa muna Russia.

Zemsky Sobor

1612 nheyo zvimwe zviitiko. Panopera kukombwa Minin uye Pozharsky musangano mumwe Zemsky Sobor, chinangwa raiva kusarudza kwamambo mutsva. Maererano chisarudzo, kuwedzera Cathedral vafundisi vachava kubatanidzwa vanhu mumakirasi vakasiyana mumaguta akasiyana. Chisarudzo kusarudza mambo aiva kutorwa vachibvumirana, uye musi musarudzo yacho ndakatsunga musi 21 February 1613. Maererano migumisiro Council akava mambo Mikhail Romanov, akarumbidza zvemashoko Minin uye Pozharsky. Saka, kutanga akapiwa revatongi musoro, uye yechipiri yakanga pakukwana pachinzvimbo chevatatu Duma pakati boyars.

Minin munzvimbo yake itsva achiunganidza mutero kusvikira parufu rwake, uye Pozharsky akaramba kutungamirira mauto ari yekusunungura mushandirapamwe pamusoro Poles. 1612 akava kwavari uye vose dzinouraya nehurumende. Saka kupera Nguva Troubles, chakaunza yakawanda kutambura munyika Russian.