Detinets: ndizvo akanga zvichireva muupenyu muguta uye sei kuti mazuva ano?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo, chii Detinets, nyore. The nechepakati, dzakavakirirwa kwazvo cheguta kuRussia yekare, pashure akadana Kremlin.

zvichireva Detinets

Dzinowanikwa yaMakoronike kubva 1097, raishandiswa emakore anoverengeka shoko nevakawanda. Muna 1317, apo tsananguro kuvaka Tver yakatanga akaona zita idzva guta centre - the Kremlin, nokukurumidza akava mufashoni, kushandiswa uye kunzwisisa chii Detinets, akatanga inonyangarika kushandiswa uye anyangarika zvachose.

Defense nechirevo nhare

Old Russian mamiriro, riri panzira "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki", ane anokwezva ndima vazhinji vatorwa nechisimba. kusawirirana Internal vakanga kugadziriswa zvakare nemauto nzira. Munzvimbo iyoyo kuvapo mauto uye kudzivirira kugona yacho kugarwa vaitova nyaya tipone.

Zvikuru dzisingambosvikiki kune muvengi nzvimbo, rakamiswa pamusoro pechikomo, rakapoteredzwa moats uye remuti stockade - mumwe Detinets. Aine Chimiro yakadaro aigona kuva refu kuchengeta mupomerwi, akavanda seri kwemasvingo yevanhu veguta, hapana mubvunzo.

Boys pamwe pauduku akadzidzisa zvinokosha zvehondo, zvombo nhaka, pasinei mhando basa mune ramangwana. Kudzivirira misha, uye gare gare guta akasimuka yose.

rehurumende nhare

Northern vavakidzani rinonzi Russian munyika "Gardariki", kuti inyika ine yakawanda akakomberedzwa, wayo centre muna Veliky Novgorod.

Uye chaizvoizvo guta rakanga rakawanda. Ichiparara pamusoro fiefdoms, Russ haana kuziva chimwe utariri, kuva nguva ezvinhu hondo. Machinda nevazukuru vavo vazhinji, vakagamuchira ushe wenyika, yakavakwa guta dzokugara uye nhare kudzivirira nhaka yavo yavo.

Chokutanga, I akavaka Detinets. Pakusarudza chinzvimbo chacho kuti zvitungamirire dzinongoitika ezvinhu. High nzvimbo uye rwizi - the Zvinodiwa kwayo chitarisiko. Kuva nhare simba yomuchinda, makanga makawanda vanokudzwa uye vagari vakapfuma. Machinda, vanokudzwa uye vafundisi chakavakwa pano mumakamuri avo uye dzoushe, Vakati vachishumira kuna varanda vakawanda.

Asi guta rakanga yakazarukira mhizha vatengesi, ndiani akatambanudza pano kunotsvaka basa uye kudzivirirwa. Trade rakanga kunyanya murwizi. Tillers vakagara pamusoro kumucheto kana kunze parusvingo rweguta, pedyo minda yavo.

The guta rakakura kumativi, achitora nzvimbo yose nhare, uye ipapo kubuda uye mberi. Center upenyu guta, mune zvose kuonekwa, akava Detinets. Chii kuramba kwakakosha nzvimbo simba uye upfumi, hazvishamisi. With dzomumisha yavo uye kutenga nzvimbo, raiva guta muguta.

Kukosha wenhare pakunamata

Church mu Detinets akavaka panguva imwe chete pamadziro. Ndichibatsirwa naMwari uye vagari vakavaka guta ravo, uye akadzivirira naye. Sezvo nemisha ukatambararira kumativi wenhare rakadzikwa uye dzimwe kereke zhinji, asi chechi huru guta racho vakasara umwe waiva mukati pamadziro.

Parutivi pake selilos vafundisi yakakwirira yeguta, nezuva kushongedzwa temberi havana kurega mari. Zvakanga pano yaiva kumusoro shongwe, waimira sezvo zvose vheya shongwe. Uye pano takaenda nomunyengetero patinotarisira kurwiswa muvengi.

Novgorod Kremlin

The Kremlin muna Veliky Novgorod - ndiye Kremlin yekare kuRussia, iyo inogona akashanyira nhasi. Akaponesa kwete chete madziro, shongwe uye dzimba, vari zvivako zvinokosha, asi zita raro rapakutanga.

Chronicles vanoti kuti muna 1044 iri murwizi Volkhov Yaroslavovich Prince Vladimir (mwanakomana Yaroslava Mudrogo) akatanga kuvaka Detinets. Chii mamiriro tichagara panzvimbo imwe kweanenge makore chiuru, hapana aigona fungidzira.

Kwapera gore, kuvaka kwakatanga panzvimbo huru Novgorod Cathedral - Sophia Church, iyo vagadzwe makore manomwe. Stone Church, kupendwa hafu yezana remakore pashure kuvakwa, yava rakaramba chiduku chikamu Pamifananidzo uye kusvikira nhasi. The chikuru Chikamu mufananidzo - remakore pamberi wokupedzisira. Today - imwe church ine Novgorod Metropolitan Church.

Wooden Detinets vakapisa uye vakavakazve zvakare, asi makore dambudziko uye akaponesa naye. Nhasi tinogona kuona rusvingo rwematombo yakakwirira 8-15 mamita; 9 shongwe 12; Episcopal (Faceted) Chamber of XV remakore; zvimwe zvivako zvekare.

Nzvimbo huru iri Kremlin pachivara ndiyo shongwe kuti Millennium kweRussia, akaponesa muna 1862.

Buildings muna 1865 anotora Novgorod Museum Reserve, yakawanda nezvavaitsanangura uye kuratidzira izvo yakazaruka vaenzi. Nhasi, kune emunharaunda yesayenzi raibhurari, chikoro mumhanzi, konzati horo. Vagari vanodavira kuti nzvimbo yakanakisisa Novgorod - wavo Detinets kuti napedyo zvakadaro guta racho mutsika zvikoro zvinoita kuti richengetedzwe nhoroondo tsika uye panguva iyoyowo zvichiita nyore vanhu.

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "Detinets"

Kuziva chaizvo chii Detinets apo akachengetedzwa Monument yekare Russia, uye chii nzvimbo achisimudzira muupenyu vanhu vomuguta kutora chiuru akapfuura uye nhasi, ndinoda kunzwisisa mavambo kweshoko pacharo.

Maererano "Wikipedia", pfungwa iyi basa vashoma:

1. Metropolitan Eugene (Bolkhovitinov) muna 1808 kwakaratidza kuti ndiye mudzi shoko "vana", iyo panguva kurwisa vavengi akavanda seri kwemasvingo.

2. MH Aleshkovsky aidavira kuti machinda retainers (pwere, vana), aigara nenhare, vakamutumidza zita. Nyanzvi ndeyenhema dudziro iyi, nharo kuti muna Novgorod Detinets vaigara chete vafundisi, machinda - pedyo Mound.

3. F. Laskowski nechokwadi kuti shoko rinobva "ita" rechiito. With ngozi akavanda seri korusvingo, "mhandara" zvose zvinokosha pfuma kusvika vana.

4. Maererano academician pakati Ioannina, pakabva shoko chokuita kuunganidza munharaunda yacho Vanasekuru, vakuru, achitaura dzinonetsa nyaya.

Nokuti aiziva Novgorod detintsem kungasava zvakakwana rimwe zuva. Kushanyira dzemamongi pedyo, migwagwa guta uye zvinokwezva, ndiro akapfuma Veliky Novgorod, unofanira nguva yakawanda.