Description, unhu, mapikicha Orinoco

Orinoco - mumwe kupfuura rwizi enyika munyika. Izvi ndicho chakavanzika uye zvinonakidza rwizi kuSouth America. mvura yaro emakore anokwezva adventurers, pasinei nengozi uye nezvimwewo zvisikwa.

History yakawanikwa

Sezvo Panovhurwa rwizi South American Orinoco zvakanga dzisingambosvikiki kwenguva refu nokuda kwayo kwemasango yokuvanda, uye nokuda zvisingazivikanwi. Kutaurwa nezvazvo wokutanga inogona kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa Hristofora Kolumba chokuita ake rwendo rwechitatu. Akawana akaona chete Delta of Orinoco, asi akazarura mufananidzo wake yakarohwa runako kwayo.

Kubva rwizi urwu chokuita zita Spaniard Diego De Ordaz, uyo akapedza hafu upenyu hwake kuedza kuwana nzvimbo inoshamisa Eldorado. Ndiye wokutanga akakwanisa kudzidza mhuka yacho Orinoco. Muna 1531, vatsvakurudzi Germany Ambrosius Ehinger akasarudza kuongorora rwizi. Panguva iyoyowo, vanoverengeka dzimwe nzendo tsvakurudzo hunhu yechiitiko. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti rondedzero rwizi Orinoco nguva idzodzo havana vaburukira kwatiri.

About Recall wake chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, apo aiongorora German Alexander von Humboldt akaronga kudzidza hunhu South America. Ndiye akatsanangura zvirimwa akakura pamwe pamahombekombe Orinoco River, uyewo mhuka kuti vaigara mvura yaro. Panobva dura wawanikwa chete pakati pezana remakore rechi20.

Nzvimbo yomugariro murwizi uye ukuru hwaro

Orinoco River, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, riri mu South America. Chinenge chiri akaberekwa pamuganhu Venezuela uye Brazil. Rwizi zvinobva kugomo pedyo Delgado Chalbaud Guinea dzakakwirira.

Zvinenge zvose Orinoco runoyerera kuburikidza Venezuela, asi dzimwe kwayo nhema muColombia. Kupfuura kuchamhembe chikamu kondinendi, rwizi runoyerera kupinda Gulf Paria, uye kubva ipapo kupinda Atlantic Ocean.

Kureba Orinoco River - 2736 km zvichiita rimwe wakarebesa reservoirs kuSouth America. pamusoro dzakasiyana-siyana upamhi kubva 250 M kusvika 10 km. Panguva nemafashamo ari Orinoco anogona uchidururwa kusvika 22 km pahupamhi. Kudzika rwizi hakusi guru - yakakwirira kwayo kunosvika mamita 100.

Yezvakaita Orinoco River

Navigation pamusoro Orinoco ishoma uye ngozi chaizvo. River senga inodedera chete munzvimbo yakabudirira nzvimbo Delta. Uyu inodiwa kwazvo nokuda variability pakati dura unhu. Pano, mumwe maawa 6-7 dzinokosha Maze, izvo kudzivirira midziyo kutama. Hurumende rwizi Orinoco kunoenderana nenguva gore uye mwaka. Mumwaka, zvinoitika mukati kwegadziriro Makungwa marshes, uye kuchinaya - Anopararira.

Panguva Orinoco rwizi panguva kunobva - rwezasi-kumadokero. Choruzhinji zvishoma hwakakungwa ari chinhu chakakombama. Zvadaro, peDare Orinoco River ari kuchinja. Inoyerera kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. Ikoko, rwizi mainozonodira Atlantic Ocean. Mwero kuyerera mvura kuramba avhareji pamusoro yose urefu, asi nzvimbo kunobva. Sezvo rwizi rinobva mumakomo, munharaunda inoyerera dzichimhanya kupfuura pamapani.

Relief uye vabati vechibharo

In okumusoro kunosvika of Orinoco River huru nhamba mapopoma pakati hukuru zvose. Izvi imhaka matombo uye gogonera pechiso nzvimbo. In rezasi uye pakati zvikamu Orinoco River Nzvimbo yakati sandara.

Pedyo Orinoco Delta ari mapazi zvakasimba, pova vakawanda rechibharo uye madhamu. Pamusana kwavari, nzvimbo iyi kunyanya wakajeka. Mutero murwizi nevamwe, sezvo, pasinei chete tsime, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane mumwe ruvara uye rakasiyana mvura sezvamunoita. Mvura pamwero mairi zvakare haana kugara napo hwemashoko kunayisa. Mumwaka inflows zvakasimba nokuomesa kana dzikava makungwa diki

Mumwe mutero kuna Orinoco - Casiquiare rinobatanidza pamwe zvikuru nomukurumbira uye renguva inoyerera rwizi mu South America - Amazon.

The Fauna of Orinoco River

The Fauna of Orinoco rwizi kwava nemamwe. Rine vanenge 700 mhando zvipenyu. River Mvura ngainaye nehove. Zviri musha dzemagetsi eels uye Catfish, makirogiramu mashomanana, izvo kwemazana emakore akawanda achifudza vomunzvimbo. Zvisinei, tinofanira kutya piranhas uye makarwe kuti zvinowanika pano zvakawanda. nzvimbo Orinoco - musha zviuru eshiri. Zviri musha tsvuku ibises, flamingoes, mavara remaparrot. Pamahombekombe vanogona kusangana hofori nekamba nezvimwe nezvinokambaira. Pazasi rwizi inogarwa tsoko zhinji - capuchin, howlers, macaques, uyewo vamiririri katsi mhuri - ocelots, jaguars, pumas nevamwe.

vashanyi Most kufamba vakasimudza Orinoco River tariro yokuona guru anacondas. Asi pano unogona kuwana kushoma chaizvo rudzi - blue uye ndachena rwizi Dolphins, hofori rwizi otters, manatees kufudza uye rarest goroondo munyika - Orinoco garwe. Nhasi, marudzi awa achitsoropodza pangozi uye akatorwa pasi kudzivirira.

Nemiti rwizi

Forest achikura pamwe rwizi dzinozara. Naizvozvo, chirimwa upenyu hwakanaka uye zvakasiyana-siyana. In rezasi kunosvika kworwizi Flora yakasiyana arambe achirema nokuda vakawanda mizambiringa kuti nzvimbo vemo safambika. Zvisinei, vaya vanokwanisa kufamba Orinoco mumasango vanobatwa zvikuru maruva bromeliads uye orkideat.

Pakati pemiti iri hunodzorwa mangrove tea. Midzi yavo uburukire zvakananga mumvura, apo zvokudya rinogadzirirwa. Pane zvakawanda masango vakavhengana kwazvo miti mirefu, siyana miti yemichero.

Kukosha rwizi upfumi upenyu hwevanhu

Misha pedyo nemahombekombe Orinoco anenge hapana. Zvisinei, pane marudzi vakawanda vemo, idzo rwizi kwava kunobva zvokudya kwete chete, asiwo mamwe kwemari. Saka, xiTshwa madzinza Indian omunharaunda noushamwari vakararama pano kwemakore akawanda. Dzimba dzavo duku yemapuranga yakavakwa pamusoro stilts, uye agomuka pamusoro mvura. Kuwedzera hove, vari mubasa zvokufambisa revashanyi kusvikira Orinoco River. Shoko "xiTshwa" rinoreva "chikepe vanhu", zvikuru munhu chinyakare rudzi richibatanidza hwake nemvura.

Remasangano maguta mashoma ari Orinoco River - ichi Ciudad Guayana. Zvakanga Aimutevera pakati remakore yokupedzisira dzakatanga kuvaka zvengarava. Izvi kwaiva mugumisiro vasabatwa yedare esimbi uye nezvimwe zvicherwa. Panguva iyoyo, basa iri esimbi kugadzira mberi. Uyewo kurwizi kunge yakaiswa dura uye Hydroelectric simba zvinomera.

Munguva ichangopfuura, zvakadzama dzinopisa mumasango enzvimbo inonzi Orinoco bheseni inoshandiswa nokuda kufudza mombe. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinovapandukira, sezvo mapoka mhuka-tsika pasi pauswa uye kudya vakawanda zvinomera, uyewo kudzikisirana pasi kamwe vadanana.

Tourism pamusoro Orinoco rwizi

Tourist garo Orinoco River akatanga kukura chete yapfuura. Nhasi nzvimbo ino rikwezve kuti zvechokwadi adventurers. Vashanyi inopihwa inofadza chikepe nzendo, vachibvumira kuongorora zvose hova rwizi, tinyatsoziva nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, kuti kubata kweMireniyamu tsika veko.

Travel Orinoco inogona kunzi nhasi akadaro akakurumbira, mirayiridzo sezvo eco ushanyi. nzvimbo dzakawanda pano vari isina kumbobatwa uye pristine. Travel masangano kupa zvirongwa zvakawanda huenderane manakiro zvose. Zvichienderana zvaunofarira, unogona kutora dzinoshambira, igwa, hove (kunyanya yakakurumbira PIRANHA), kufamba ari mumasango kushanyira xiTshwa mumusha. Kune vose masikati nousiku zvirongwa.