Description Sampson Cathedral. Sampson Cathedral muSt Petersburg

St. Petersburg ane chinhu vakashamiswa vashanyi. Drawbridges, girenayiti embankments of Neva uye kuchitonhora ripples akamusika mukurumbira St. Petersburg. Vazhinji muguta uye siyana mapurani sezvivako. Northern guta, kusiyana muMoscow, haagoni kuzvirumbidza pamusoro ichibviswa shure emakore kare, asi pane zvimwe kare. Chinangwa chenyaya ino ichava Sampson Cathedral muSt Petersburg. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu machechi ekare, akachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu. Kuwedzera dzinonakidza mapurani, kuti Church inotifungisa uye vatendi wose, nekuti ipapo unogona kunamata zvisaririra St Sampson. Izvi ano Cathedral Rector akagadzwa kuti chinzvimbo archpriest Alexander Pelin. Asi chechi ariwo miziyamu mabasa. The yakasiyana iconostasis of Church hazvisi zvinokosha chete kuvaKristu Orthodox, asi imwe nhoroondo netsika kufarira. Monument kuna Peter Mukuru uyewo netsaona akaisa pedyo nechechi. Uyewo, Cathedral hunonyatsobatana nhoroondo yokumusha kwedu uye ayo mbiri kukunda.

prehistory

MuRussia, hazvina yagara ichiitwa kuvaka chechi rwakazvitsaurira kuna zviitiko zvinokosha. Uye akatsaurira kukereke tsvene, nezuva musi uyu zvakaitika pakarenda Orthodox. Somuenzaniso, unogona kutungamirira Chechi St. Panteleimon. Day yokukudza ndangariro yake Kunoitwa yeOrthodox 27 July. Pazuva iri muna 1714 uye muna 1720 Peter Mukuru akunda hondo Gangut uye Grengam. By chete pfungwa wakaradzikwa uye Sampson Cathedral muSt Petersburg. Asi kukunda mumakwikwi mauto Petra Velikogo pazuva Hondo Poltava (June 27, akwegura manyorerwo - July 8) muna 1709, akanga zvikuru zvikuru. Kutaura zvazviri, kuti vavimbezve kumarudzi hondo yeRussia-Swedish. Saka kare vanoongorora zvairehwa Hondo Poltava. Sezvo June 27, yeOrthodox kupemberera Reverend Sampson ari Vaeni, zita temberi yakanga kare akasarudza refu isati yakavakwa. Peter haana kumirira pokupedza basa uye okugadza temberi, iyo isu kuona nhasi. We akaipedza yaitonga Empress Anny Ioannovny.

Nhoroondo Cathedral

Petr Veliky zvakarurama vaifunga kuti kuyeuka Hondo Poltava ndiko kuramba kuyeuka vose Russian. Naizvozvo, pakarepo mushure kukunda, akapa mirayiridzo kuvaka Sampson Cathedral. Nzvimbo akasarudzwa pamwe nepanomboratidza nayo. pashure pegore, kurutivi rwenzira nzira yaienda Vyborg - yakananga Sweden, chechi remuti yakavakwa. In chete 1710 zvakanzi vatsvene uye zita rokukudza Sampson ari Vaeni. Zvino panzvimbo muchechi remavambo chapero of Church. Sezvo yaiva kunze komuganhu nemisere remakore guta, kwakasarudzwa nokuzvisimbisa kumakuva idzva. Pashure kwamakore gumi namasere, muna 1728, zvakatanga kuvakwa itsva chivakwa ibwe. Zvisinei, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika Russia, yakatsaurirwa kuvakwa chivako haana mari yakakwana. Construction rakaguma uye chete akaramba apo Anna Ioannovna. Chivako chacho vagadzwe 1740.

Sampson Cathedral Museum

kakawanda kuvaka temberi yakanga pakugadzira pamberi October Revolution. Saka, muna 1830s vavakezve mukati wekereke yakaitwa, panguva iyo kukandira simbi pasi chikatsiviwa ibwe. Cathedral kunzwisisa akatambura panguva chimurenga. Muna 1933, zvose zvitare zvakabudiswa belfry kunze chete, uyo akatambura gare gare, muna February 1942 nemhaka projectile corners. Muna 1938 Cathedral yakavharwa. Kwenguva refu nguva chaimbova chitoro vakagadzirira-vakaita nguvo. Muna 2000, kuti miziyamu-Monument "St. Sampson Cathedral" akanga yakazowana. Makore maviri gare gare restorers akashanda kudzorerwa decoration murals pamusoro petemberi. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti Sampson Cathedral - kuitika chechi yeOrthodox. The yokunamata chokutanga chakaitirwa pashure apiwa okugadza kereke May 21, 2002. Zvino mabasa dzinoitwa ipapo mazuva ose.

Sampson Cathedral: sei kuti

Zvisinei, chechi yakavakwa munyika, wava mumwe mukuru asara muSt Petersburg. Iye, uyewo shongwe Peter Mukuru, yaiva pedyo, vari pakati zvinhu gumi "rechikepe Si" Northern guta. Chii Kero zvinotyisa? Apo riri guta mepu Sampson Cathedral? St. Petersburg, Big Sampson Avenue (yava kunzi Vyborg turakiti), d. 41. Kuti tisvike kereke, kare akava guta, kwete shoma, zviri nyore chaizvo. Zviri nyore kusvika pedyo pevhu. Unofanira kuenda "Vyborg" chiteshi. Izvi kuchamhembe-westerly mirayiridzo kubva pakati. Panguva ino, Sampson chechi administrative chikamu miziyamu pana St. kwaIsaka Cathedral. Chinhu chose mapurani kunzwisisa. Chinosanganisira chaiko Cathedral, bhero shongwe, chapero uye vakawanda guva - vose vasara kamwe rakakura kumakuva.

ibwe chechi

The yose mapurani kunzwisisa iri nechepadivi zvinoenderana nenzira rebhuruu chiedza ruvara. Zvisinei, zvivako zviri dzakavakwa dzakasiyana uye zvitaera siyana. Stone chivakwa Sampson Cathedral uye bhero shongwe yakapedzwa muna 1740. Mapurani akaramba kuzivikanwa. Masayendisiti anogona chete zvokufungidzira kuti munyori zvivako izvi zvakanga kana Mikhail Zemtsov, kana Dzhuzeppe Trezini. Kusiyana pakuvaka Church musanganiswa siyana. Rinogona kurondwa somunhu pre-Petrine mapurani siyana uye mamiriro okunze, akadana unyanzvi 'Annensky Baroque "(ainzi Anna Ioannovna). Pakutanga, temberi yakanga zvikamu ne hombe rising pakakwirira Drum faceted. Asi muna 1761 nayo Akanamatira cupolas duku ina. Denga - shanu hanyanisi domes - anotarisa zvikuru kujairika. Chivako inovakwa nezvidhina pamusoro reraimu nheyo. Kukwirira Cathedral kuna eaves - mamita masere, uye Krusty, yokupedzisira rising - mamita makumi matatu nemashanu. Pakazosvika refectory yakabatana temberi.

belfry

Zvingada, ndiwo brainchild mumwechete mapurani uyo akavaka St. Sampson Cathedral. The bhero shongwe iri rakasiyana kuna St. Petersburg, sezvo ane pezvokuvamba Russian werudzii pre-Petrine panguva. Chivako rakakamurwa kuva tiers zvitatu. Lower anozviratidza upamhi hwazvo nokuda maviri lateral Extensions. It ane pakazaruka chakafanana nedenga. Upper tiers vakaitwa Tuscan manyorerwo. Panhurikidzwa yechipiri zvakaitwa zvemaoresa "hwindo venhema". In wechitatu weDanho pamusoro belfry chaimbova bhero iri XVIII remakore. Top zvose izvi kuvakwa tende pamwe kunobatanidza masere. It aigona kuonekwa sechinhu hwindo nhema, pamusoro rinokwira ari hanyanisi Poppy-musoro pamuchinjikwa. Ichi shongwe bhero zirokwazvo atypical nokuda St. Petersburg, asi zvaizivikanwa chaizvo vagere yekare maguta Russian - Yaroslavl, Moscow, uye dzimwe Solikamsk.

chapero

It pamire nzvimbo yepakutanga St. Sampson Cathedral muna 1710. Kana yemapuranga chivako yave raderera, uye Diocese vokuparidzira rakura zvokuti zvakanga zvisingagoni zviri muchechi duku, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka chechi ibwe. Wooden Cathedral akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye nzvimbo parakapera. Asi chete muna 1909 zvakanzi akavaka chapel. Chivako ichi rwakasiyana chaizvo mumagadzirirwo kubva Church uye bhero neshongwe. It rakavakwa mapurani AP Aplaksin, mimwe zvakanga kushanda F. B. Rastrelli. Nyanzvi vanodana Style iyi Elizabethan Baroque uye cherechedza kuti rakaiswa papfuura pane nguva yake. The bhero shongwe anotarira mukuru zvechokwadi. Pakuonekwa zvivako namasere remakore ndizvipe peya pakona yembiru, vakagumisa pediment pamwe "anoona zvose ziso raJehovha", dormer uye Lantern ane hanyanisi rising. Zvichida "zvenhaka" ichi nyepera akanga zvinosiyana aifanira afadzewo chapero chaipo pedyo Cathedral of namasere remakore.

pamakuva

Sezvo temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Sampson, aiva kunze komuganhu guta, zvine musoro kumisa kumakuva ikoko. Pakuvamba, vanhu vakavigwa akapoteredza chechi yavo yeko. Chechi sabhabha muduku, uye nzvimbo yakanga isina. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kundoviga ipapo akafa muna Russia vatorwa. Pashure pezvose, ivo rudzi vakasiya ino nyika kune imwe nyika vadzungairi. Saka, vanofanira kuva pasi vachengetwe Sampson ari Vaeni. Saka, makawanikwa wokupedzisira utiziro inozivikanwa vatenzi, yakavakwa uye yakashongedzwa Petersburg. Sampson Cathedral yaiva nzvimbo ikafamba pamusoro ezvivako Dzhuzeppe Trezini, A.Shlyutera, G. Mattarnovi, JB Leblon, nomuvezi K.Rastrelli, Painters uye S.Torelli L. Caravaca. Zvinosuruvarisa kumakuva hauna vakachengetedzwa. Muna 1885, Chirevo Empress Catherine II, izvozvo yakaguma, uye panzvimbo yayo akasiyiwa vakawanda guva iri vaurayiwa June 27, 1740 vavengi Biron - P.Eropkina, A.Hruschova uye A.Volynskogo. At nzvimbo dzavo kuvigwa Monument nebasa Bhanabhasi-Mufananidzo murongedzeri uye muvezi M. Schurupova A.Opekushin.

iconostasis

Nokusanganisa kuno- yaingowanikwa ari kwokunze kushongedzwa temberi, uye pane omukati ake. "Annensky Baroque" anogona kuonekwa matatu iconostasis St. Sampson Cathedral. Zvikuru mutengo ndiwo mukuru, riri nechepakati petemberi. Ndiye zvinoshamisa Paaidzidzisa wokuRussia iconography mukutanga namasere remakore. Huru puranga chakagadzirwa nemipaini, uye kushongedzwa zvinhu - Linden. Kumaodzanyemba mukana (Arhistratiga Mihaila) uye kuchamhembe (Ioanna Bogoslova) riri duku iconostasis kupinda tiers mana. Vane zvakawanda mwero saizi, asi kwete muduku mukuru romubati ukoshi. Vanovhura mubvunzo sei izvi zvaigona kuchengetedzwa iconostasis kubva Cathedral ane nhoroondo akaoma, iyo akashanyira uye yokuchengetera wemiriwo uye chembatya. Zvinenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu ari mifananidzo kuti magedhi chechi vakanga vadzoka kutemberi Alexander Suvorov miziyamu.

Monument kuna Peter Mukuru

Pazuva mhemberero yacho bicentenary pakati Hondo Poltava (1909), kwakasarudzwa kuti uvhure chivezwa pakati Kumukundi muhondo iyi. Kuti aite izvi, dzasara kumakuva St. Sampson Cathedral yakagadzira. Monument kuna Petro kugadzirwa muvezi MM Antokolsky uye akitekiti N.E.Lansere. Panguva iyoyo akarizarurirwa chirangaridzo Dombo iri kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe pamadziro etemberi, apo vakanga zvakavezwa mashoko amambo kuvanhu vake pamberi uye pashure Hondo Poltava. Zvisinei, muna 1938 shongwe Peter Mukuru namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Yakanga makore akawanda chete gare gare, muna May 2003, gore kukwezvana St. Petersburg kuzodzosera vachikanda kuti wakachenjera uye vachisimudza panzvimbo yayo - pamberi bhero shongwe. Mari iri dzinounzwa kuna Museum "St. vaIsaka Cathedral."

The mukati chishongo

Kunze dzinonakidza iconography akachengetedzwa murals temberi. The mufananidzo wakajeka kupfuura - iri huru petemberi. Unoratidza Peter Mukuru sezvo Kumukundi pakati Hondo Poltava. Zvinoshamisawo ziso nziyo "Mwari Wemasimbaose," uye "kutenda", riri pamadziro kumabvazuva uye vokumadokero pamusoro refectory. Mifananidzo iyi ndeyemunguva mukupera namasere remakore. Kusvikira pakuguma namapfumbamwe remakore, hakuna kuonekwa zvimedu icon St. Sampson Cathedral, izvo dzimba zvipenga Nguo yaJehovha, ibwe kubva pasi petsoka dzake uye zvisaririra zvevasande. zvinoera izvi vakaiswa sirivha reliquary. A korona mufananidzo nekenza, vakanga anofananidzwa zviso avo zvinoera izvo wakachengetwa mutemberi.