Description kunonakidza chokwadi uye Jupiter kuti kukura tichienzanisa nedzimwe nyika

Jupiter ndiyo nyika yechishanu kubva Sun, chikuru munyika renzou. Mitsetse uye curls pamusoro hukawanika ayo inotonhora, mhepo overclocked gore zvinosanganisira amoniya uye mvura. Zvomumhepo iri kunyanya hydrogen nehelium, uye aizivikanwa Great Red Spot - hofori dutu iri yakakura kupfuura Earth, akaramba kwemazana emakore. Jupiter akapoteredzwa 53 Akasimbisa kwemwedzi, uyewo 14 nguva, nokuti dzinokwana 67. Masayendisiti ndivo vakawanda vanofarira mana zvinhu kupfuura yakawanikwa 1610 ne Galileo: Europe, naVaCallisto, Ganymede uye ıO. Jupiter ane marin'i matatu, asi havana zvakaoma chaizvo kuona, uye havasi sezvo kwezvokufuka chete Saturn. Nyika inonzi pashure mwari mukuru weRoma.

Okufananidza hukuru kwezuva, Jupiter uye Earth

Kubva zuva nyika akabvisa avhareji mamiriyoni 778 makiromita, inova 5.2 ezvemuchadenga dzakabatana. Panguva kure iyi, chiedza vanoda maminitsi 43 kusvika gasi hofori. Jupiter kwakaita Kukura hama kuna Sun zvakadaro hunoshamisa kuti barycenter yavo mhiri pamusoro chiedza 0.068 waro nharaunda. Pasi yakakura uye ndoda batana. Dzavo vhoriyamu nhamba 1: 1321 uye uremu - sezvo 1: 318. Kubva pakati pemvura waZeusi aiva saizi iri? Km riri 69911. Iri 11 nguva kupfuura redu. Jupiter Wenyika saizi ungafananidzwa sezvinotevera. Kana redu raiva sendi, gasi hofori yaizova vane basketball. Kukura kwezuva uye Jupiter mu dhayamita pa nhamba 10: 1, uye nyika gobvu ndiro 0,001 vakawanda chinovheneka.

Muchadenga uye kutenderera

Panguva gasi hofori ndiyo zuva iri renzou. Pasinei kukura Jupiter, rimwe zuva panyika runogara maawa anenge 10. A gore kana chimurenga vakapoteredza zuva zvinotora anenge 12 Earth makore. Neequator iri tilted hama kuti orbital nzira yayo madhigirii 3 chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Jupiter rotates anenge ari wehunyambiri nechinzvimbo uye haana raidudzwa kuchinja kwemwaka kuti musiwa dzimwe nyika yedu uye vakadaro.

inotungamirwa

Planet akaumba pamwe yose renzou mabhiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura, apo giravhiti kwakatungamirira inotungamirwa wayo kubva muhombe guruva uye gasi. Kukura Jupiter anokonzerwa chokwadi kuti akatora chikamu chinorema yasara yatangwa nyeredzi. Inzwi Its kakapetwa kaviri kupfuura vamwe nyaya zvimwe zvinhu munyika renzou. Inoitwa chete zvinhu sezvo kuti nyeredzi, asi kukura puraneti Jupiter haana akura zvakakwana kutanga Fusion zvavaifunga. makore anenge mabhiriyoni mana apfuura akatendeuka kuva gasi Rafa aripo panzvimbo yacho rokunze renzou.

mamiriro

The Zvinoumba Jupiter hwakafanana emusi - kunyanya nehelium uye rehydrogen. mumhepo kumanikidzwa Deep netembiricha simuka, compressing hydrogen gasi kupinda mvura. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Jupiter guru gungwa iri zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, zvinosanganisira rehydrogen pachinzvimbo mvura. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti ari kudzika zvichida pakati nepakati yepasi, kumanikidza zvokuti guru kuti maerekitironi rehydrogen maatomu vari chakatsikirirwa, akatendeuka ive electrically conductive zvokunwa simbi. The nokukurumidza vachishandisa kutenderera gasi Rafa zvirimo magetsi dzenzvimbo kuti vaunze yakasimba remagineti. It achiri zvisingazivikanwi kana pane nyika huru chinoumba zvinhu zvikukutu, kana chinhu gobvu muto chaipisa simbi uye silicate zvicherwa (Goldstone yakadaro) pamwe tembiricha kusvika 50 000 ° C.

pamusoro

Sezvo gasi hofori, Jupiter haana pemvura wechokwadi. Planet ine chaizvoizvo kuti kutenderera magasi uye mvura. Sezvo chitundumusere-musere haangavi kunyika musi Jupiter, iye havazokwanisi kubhururuka uye kukuvara. Zvisingatauriki uye tembiricha yakadzika mukati nyika apwanye, kunyunguduka vaporize ngarava kuti vachaedza kupinda mariri.

chadenga

Jupiter anotarisa akafanana mavara chirukwa yegore zvisungo uye mavara. Gas nyika zvimwe ane nhatu akasiyana gore rukoko mu "denga" ayo, izvo pamwe kufukidza vanenge 71? Km. Pamusoro ine amoniya echando. The pakati rukoko chinowanzoitika kuumba crystals pamusoro Ammonium hydrosulfide, uye dzimwe - chando uye mvura mhute. Bright Mavara gobvu nezvisungo Jupiter anogona choutsi rwesarufa uye phosphorus tubhokisi magasi richisimuka kubva subsoil. The nokukurumidza vachishandisa kutenderera nyika pave simba vortex Rwako, achibatanidzwawo mugore refu rima mabhandi uye rakajeka zvikamu.

Kushaya munhu paasingazonyuri vaikwanisa kunonoka, Jupiter anobvumira echitema zvikaramba kwemakore akawanda. Planet anofukidzira vanopfuura gumi nevaviri kuti richikunda mhepo, vamwe kusvika kukurumidza 539 km / h panguva neequator. The kukura Red Spot musi Jupiter kaviri sezvo sevanoshamira Earth. Education rwakawanda denderedzwa kuonekwa pamusoro hofori nyika kwemakore anopfuura 300. Munguva ichangopfuura, denderedzwa duku matatu akaumba duku dzvuku gwapa, inenge hafu ukuru hombe munin'ina. Masayendisiti haasati kuziva kana ovals izvi uye kurohwa runopoterera nyika shoma kana kuwedzera kure makadzika.

Zvinogona kuti upenyu

Akapoteredza Jupiter zvakatipoteredza zvimwe haakonzeri upenyu sezvo tinozviziva. Tembiricha, kumanikidzwa uye zvinhu izvo zvaizobatsira ichi nyika kunenge chaizvo uye kuparadza zvipenyu. Kunyange zvazvo Jupiter chinhu yawakanga nzvimbo zvipenyu, ndiye haigoni akati nezvevamwe yaro zhinji kwemwedzi. Europe - mumwe ungangotarisa nzvimbo kutsvaka upenyu hwedu renzou. Pane uchapupu hwokuti ariko pasi nechando goko ane penyanza guru umo upenyu hunogona chichitarisirwa.

satellites

Vazhinji duku uye mana makuru satellites waZeusi kuumba nyika dzose dzinotenderera zuva muchidimbu. Nyika 53 Akasimbisa satellites, uyewo 14 pfupi, zvinopa dzinokwana 67. Of ichangobva kuwanikwa satellites izvi, nyanzvi akashuma uye International Astronomical Union akavapa dikidiki izita. Mangoti kutenderera avo yasimbiswa, ivo vachamutswawo mu kwenhamba zvachose.

Mana pakukura kwemwedzi - Europa, ıo naVaCallisto uye Ganymede - vakatanga yakawanikwa 1610 ne zvomuchadenga Galileo achiedza mangwanani shanduro teresikopu. zvino izvi kwemwedzi mina ndeimwe kunakidza nzvimbo tsvakurudzo. IO ndiwo muviri kupfuura volcanically kushingaira renzou. Ganymede - remasangano pavo (yakatokura kupfuura nyika Mercury). Chechipiri pakukura Satellite Jupiter - naVaCallisto - ane zvishoma duku craters zvichiratidza kuti kuitika vakaderera kuti pemvura basa. An gungwa mvura pamwe zvokubikisa upenyu anogona kunyepa pasi nechando goko dzeEurope, zvichiita kuti anoedza chipfuro kudzidza.

zvindori

Yakawanikwa 1979 ne NASA kuti "Voyager 1" zvindori Jupiter vaiva vanoshamiswa, sezvo vakanga anoumbwa yerima tudonhwe duku saizi, izvo chete kuonekwa pamusoro zuva. Data kubva chitundumusere-musere "Galileo" vanoti rin'i hurongwa ingangoumbwa ne guruva interplanetary meteoroids yakadonha pamusoro duku yomukati kwemwedzi.

magnetosphere

Gas hofori magnetosphere - nharaunda nzvimbo pasi pokudzora yakasimba remagineti panyika. Runosvika chinhambwe mamiriyoni 3.1? Km Sun kuti 7-21 nguva Jupiter hukuru uye tapers ari chimiro tadpole muswe pa mabhiriyoni 1 makiromita, richisvika Saturn muchadenga. A huru remagineti muna 16-54 nguva kupfuura Wepasi. It rotates pamwe nyika ndokudzikunda nezvimedu pamwe yemagetsi mutariri. Near Jupiter izvozvo anobata mapute mhosva nezvimedu uye mhanyisa navo yakakwirira chaizvo simba, kusika nemwaranzi kwazvo kuti bombards pedyo satellites uye anokanganisa chitundumusere-musere. The remagineti kunokonzera chimwe unoyevedza auroral munyika nenyika dzinotenderera pariri panguva matanda panyika.

kudzidza

Kunyange Jupiter rave richizivikanwa kubvira munguva dzekare, okutanga zvaanorumbidza yakatodzama rino zvakaitwa Galileo muna 1610 vachishandisa chinyakare teresikopu. ichangopfuura chete akashanyira musere musere, satellites uye Yatanga Kuongorora. 10 ndipo uye 11 ndipo "Pioneers", wa1 uye 2nd "Voyager" kuna Jupiter kutanga nendege 1970, uye ipapo "Galileo" akatumwa kupinda muchadenga gasi hofori, uye mhepo yakanga ashaye vachiongorora. "Cassini" akaita zvakawanda mifananidzo nyika panzira kuti Saturn pedyo. Mission Next "Juno" akasvika Jupiter muna July 2016

zviitiko

• 1610: Galileo Galilei akaita wokutanga uchida zvaanorumbidza panyika.
• 1973: chitundumusere-musere yokutanga "Pioneer 10" vayambuka asteroid bhandi uye anoenda gasi hofori.
• 1979: The vekutanga nevechipiri "Voyager" yakawanikwa komwedzi, mhete uye kuputika basa musi ıO.
• 1992: February 8 nendege apfuura Jupiter "Ulysses." Giravhiti akachinja trajectory pamusoro chitundumusere-musere kubva ndege yacho ecliptic, anozunungusa vachiongorora zviri kwokupedzisira muchadenga zasi uye rwokumusoro matanda zuva.
• 1994: munzvimbo kumaodzanyemba hemisphere waZeusi yakabonderana kometi zvimedu shangu-Levy.
• 1995-2003: chitundumusere-musere "Galileo" akadonhedzera vachiongorora mumhepo yacho gasi hofori uye vakabata-refu zvaanorumbidza yepasi, ayo mhete uye satellites.
• 2000: The "Cassini" akaita wepedyo nzira yayo kuna Jupiter kure anenge mamiriyoni 10 mativi makiromita, vachiita hwakadzama zvikuru ruvara wezvidimbu mufananidzo gasi vaRafa.
• 2007: mifananidzo yakatorwa NASA chitundumusere-musere New Horizons munzira kuenda Pluto, akaratidza maonero matsva ratinoona madutu, nezvindori, kuputika ıO uye nechando Europe.
• 2009: The nyanzvi vakachengeta kometi kana asteroid panyika wokumaodzanyemba hemisphere.
• 2016: raparurwa muna 2011 "Juno" rakasvika Jupiter ndokutanga zvakadzama zvidzidzo yepasi muchadenga, ayo nemamiriro magnetosphere yakadzika uye chinangwa kutibatsira vayo mavambo uye shanduka.

Pop Culture

Tichitarisa Ukuru Jupiter havasi muduku uye kuvapo kwayo chinokosha dzakakurumbira netsika, kusanganisira mafirimu, mapurogiramu eterevhizheni, mitambo yevhidhiyo uye enyaya. The gasi Zirume yazova chinhu chinokosha munzvimbo Sci-Fi kufirimu hanzvadzi Wachowski "Jupiter Ascending", satellites akasiyana-siyana nyika vava yokugara "Cloud Atlas," "Futurama", "denderedzwa rechiedza" uye dzimwe mafirimu akawanda. In firimu "Varume Black", apo Mumiririri J (Will Smith) akati kuti mumwe wevadzidzisi vake sokuti kubva Venus, Kay mumiririri (Tommi Li Dzhons) akati kuti zviri zvechokwadi kubva imwe kwemwedzi waZeusi.