Deep-gungwa hove-namakava. River hove-omugungwa

An incredible siyana maumbirwo uye mhando vamwe hove ndiyo mugumisiro ravo kuparadzirwa kwakapararira, kwakabatsira pamusoro shanduka kukura zvisikwa izvi. Hove vanogara vashoma hwemvura zvinomera madhamu, uye iri puddles duku vasara pashure mvura hova gomo simba dzenzvimbo, uye makungwa gomo pa mamita 600 pamusoro pegungwa, uye panguva huru dzakadzika apo mvura kufurirwa ungasvika 1000 atmospheres uye kunyange mumapako mumigodhi!

Evolution - chinhu chakaipisisa!

Sezvingatarisirwa, mukufamba shanduka, achichinja kuita upenyu mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa uye zvakaoma kumanikidza yaMako ine mhando pamusoro chitarisiko vamwe nehove. Kupfuura anotyisa uye rinotyisa haana chete kushambira mumapako pevhu, asi panguva huru pakadzika. Vari kunzi "yakadzika-gungwa hove-namakava." Mararamiro zvisikwa izvi rwakasiyana chaizvo muupenyu zvavo uye yaizivikanwa kwatiri hove.

Fish Crookshanks

Chimwe chezvinhu havaratidzi anozivikanwa mhando yakadzika-gungwa hove ichaongororwa kuti vanonzi hiazmodon kana dema Crookshanks. Anenge bhuku chero rinotsanangura izvi namakava, Crookshanks fananei a boa constrictor, pakuparadza nzou. Kutaura zvazviri, Crookshanks - a nehove duku saizi, kureba kwayo kashoma kukasapfuura 15 masendimita. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuvatadzisa kumedza zvavo wose. Izvi hove-zvegungwa vanogara guru zhinji yakadzika - kusvika 750 m.

muviri wavo elongated uye akashama simba tsandanyama uye mapfupa rakanyatsojeka nyoro rutema kana ruvara, uye muromo husingagumi vakapakata meno unopinza uye simba, akafanana fangs. Ivo dziri chete pemitsara shoma (sapamazuva Sharks). Zvimwe hazvidi kukuyeuchidza kuti simba dambudziko mumvura yakadzika iri rikwanise chaizvo. To vakwikwidzi vacho chinhu, Crookshanks akachinja kumedza vanodzvinyirirwa pakarepo uye pasina zvikuru pfungwa.

saccopharynx

No zvishoma yepakutanga kugadzirisa simba dambudziko pana zvikuru pakadzika kudzidza mumwe chikara hove - saccopharynx. Masayendisiti vanoti nzira yavo okuwana zvokudya zvakanga minzwa chaizvo: dzidziso zvisikwa izvi ikava muromo huru ine dzisinganyatsooneki manda, inova muviri. Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye kucherechedzwa maonero meshkorotovyh hove iri largemouth kana pelikanovy muramba. Kureba chikara ichi kunosvika masendimita 60, 30% izvo ndiko refu kwazvo uye zvikuru dzakaonda shaya, riri pamuromo hofori!

Apasi rushaya kunosvika ikarurama refu chaizvo uye hombe pharynx, utambanudzire sezvinoita hombodo. Nemaziso afanane nehukurwizi, huro homwe, yaakanga remadunhurirwa largemouth pelikanovym muramba. Pfungwa, kwakadaro mashandiro kuita pamusoro pharynx ndiyo akafanana kuti chiito panguva pelicans zvikwama: hove dzose abatwa mazviri rotsva. Izvi zvinobvumira zvose hove uye shiri inosimbisa kuti Stock kukwira ndisa. Kazhinji hove largemouth Inomedza zvakatapwa kwazvo saizi yayo kaviri!

Largemouth - kudzika rehove zvikara vechokwadi, nokuti kurarama 3000 mamita daro pasi mvura! Ndokusaka kungotaura largemouth ruzivo nematambudziko dzichifura wavo pharyngeal zvikwama kashoma kukasawedzerwa richinaka yakadzika-gungwa hove uye crustaceans. Saka, vanofanira kugutsikana wose. Maererano nengano, mumwe abatwa largemouth ari guttural homwe vaakawana algae, hurungudo uye zvishoma fishies. Giant yakadzika - kusvika 5000 metres - zvose unogona kuwana inonzi saccopharynx chaiko, richisvika munhu kureba 1,84 metres!

eyeless ipnopsy

Chii namakava, hove, vaigara makadzika makuru egungwa, rakasiyana zororo, kwete miromo makuru chete, asiwo mhando wezvakaonekwa? Chokwadi, ipnopsy! Chokwadi kuti yakadzika-zvegungwa neumwe mutowo zvakakodzera kugadzirisa matambudziko chokuita murombo maonero, kana panzvimbo yayo kusavapo zvachose. The ipnopsy vaigara mukudzika 900 kusvika 6,000 metres-dzataurwa pamusoro apa, kazhinji akatevera nzira zvinenge, zvachose kuona ake. Zvinonzwisisika sei maziso ako, kana uchiri usingagoni kuona chinhu kumativi?

Maererano kurondedzerwa ichthyologists uye vatsvakurudzi kubva chikwata Jacques-Iva Kusto, meso ipnopsov kana kurasikirwa zvachose, kana (ndiro kushoma chaizvo) vari tuduku saka uye zvakavigwa pasi pachikero uye ganda, izvo kazhinji havana hanya chiedza. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuwanikwa uyu hazvina kufadza ruzhinji yakadzika namakava, nekuti zvakaratidzwa muupenyu zvisikwa izvi raramba uye kuramba basa guru. Kuona zvinhu tinyanye rima, vazhinji vavo vanoda zano rinokosha, asi ichi ndicho - ndiyo imwe nyaya.

The kunozivikanwa Mambo herring

Kwete kare, asi mumwe buri-ichthyologists masayendisiti akanga audza American paterevhizheni chiteshi "Nat Geo Wild." Hove-namakava, zvinoitika, havasi chete upamhi kukuru! Chokwadi kuti vanotsvakurudza pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuti andobata pavhidhiyo hove chisingawanzowaniki rakadzika kamwe rinotyisa vafambisi. Doma nayo - herring mambo, kana nebhanire-hove. Iye netsaona yarova kamera izvo, izvo zvakaita kuti zoologists kubva University of Louisiana pachake kuchengeta kunozivikanwa mambo herring kwayo dzinongoitika dzinogarisana.

Zvisingatarisirwi "musangano"

Saka kure, bhanhire-hove, izvo rinosvika 17 metres urefu, aigona kuonekwa, kana akafa, kana kufa panguva apo iye zvakazvipira kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura. Iyi ndiyo nguva yokutanga kuti vakadaro kunozivikanwa pemvura zvikara havana chete kuonekwa kune yose yesayenzi nyika munharaunda, asi akanyorawo pavhidhiyo mune dzinonzi Life muoti. Maererano TV chiteshi "Kuwanika", hove-zvikara vari mhuri imwe kuna herring namambo, zviri pana pakadzika kusvika 1500 mamita.

Hove-bhandi kwave muonekwe vaongorori akawanda apfuura, apo tichibatsirwa CCTV makamera, ivo kuzoongorora rig iri muGulf of Mexico. Zvisinei, declassified "musangano" ichi zvisingatarisirwi haana kudaro kare. Nyanzvi zvavakanzwa nezvazvo pamusoro TV chiteshi "Bi-Bi-Si." Professor Mark Benfield aigovana nemaonero ake: "Tose vaifunga kuti tinoona mumwe mafuta Mapaipi. Sezvatinoita Zoom mu, takaona kuti ichi hachisi nenyere, asi munhu chaiye herring mambo! ".

Deep-mvura angler

zvisikwa izvi - hove ndizvo zvikara chaiwo! zita ravo rechipiri - tseratsievidnye. Ndivo kupfuura kudzidza vose yakadzika-gungwa hove, vanotsanangurwa munyaya ino. Anglers ndezvaJehovha suborder ari hurongwa womumvuri hove anglerfish vogara mvura mbiru yose munyanza, kureva kwose kwose. Parizvino ichthyologists 11 akatsanangura mhuri kuti zvinosanganisira anenge 120 marudzi. Deep-gungwa anglers kugara mukudzika anosvika 3,000 mamita. Other zvikara vakasiyana idenderedzwa uye zvakasimba flattened laterally vanoumba mutumbi. Vakadzi vane anonzi "chiteyeso."

Akakurumbira "hove" anglers

"Shamhu" - munhu dzakachinjwa dorsal zenze Ray, inova "basa kadhi" chezvisikwa izvi. "shamhu hove" kwakadaro kuridza basa hunoshandiswa. Pakuguma kwayo ndiye anonzi esque - chiduku ganda growths yakarembera pamusoro muromo huru ine tsono-zvakadai meno. Esca rizere mamiriyoni zvakasiyana luminescent mabhakitiriya. Zviri ivo vari kukwezvana nehove duku uye mapenzi izvo, kufanana moths kuti chiedza, akayangarara kwariri. Fish zvegungwa vane "tsvimbo", vanokwanisa kudzora kakawanda uye kupenya panomuka. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuwedzera sei ikabereka pamusoro kuzvinyengera akuvara.

River hove-omugungwa. Sembura tigerfish Goliath

Zviri kure uye zvisinganyanyi kuitika hama piranhas ano. Zvisinei, piranhas, achienzaniswa chipuka ichi - hove duku uye chisina ngozi. Tigerfish Goliath akawanikwa uye hove imwe vehove zvikuru nevanhu American mu muCongo River, Africa. chikara ichi ane 32 unopinza reza, mazino uye ndiro rinonyanya vanotyisa pakati Freshwater hove munyika! Uyezve, ndiwo kupfuura uye kupfuura zvinouraya chimiro yokumiririra mhuri piranhas.

sawfish

zita ravo rechipiri - jeko-hove. Vane refu zvikuru mutumbi uye elasmobranchs sandara outgrowth yavo yakagadzirwa, yakaitwa nechimwe parutivi refu meno akaenzana. Nechokunze, outgrowth ichi chakafanana jeko, zvavari kusika uye Freshwater hove vaipomerwa-emagetsi. Pfungwa, pilorylovye haana nengozi kuti vanhu, asi pakuonekwa kwavo kunogona kukuvhundutsai kunyange akashinga zvikuru dhaivha. Uye zvose nokuda pachena akafanana zvekumwe Sharks. Zvisinei, Sharks, kusiyana hove, zvokunwa, hadzina kuwanikwa mvura yakachena. Rangarirai ichi!