Dagestan: chizvarwa, nhoroondo uye tsika

Ikoko kumaodzanyemba chikamu cheRussia Federation ndiyo Republic of Dagestan. Guta reMakhachkala rinenge makore zana nemakore. Iri republic rinopinda neGeorgia, Azerbaijan, Stavropol Territory, Kalmykia neChechnya.

Vagari veDagestan

Chengeta uwandu hwehurumende hunosimbisa chete nzvimbo yaro, asiwo nehuwandu hwevanhu vanogara mairi. Kuverenga kwevanhu veDagestan kwakaratidza kuti muna 2015 pakanga pane vanhu 2.99 mamiriyoni vanogara muRwanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, huwandu hwevanhu huwandu hwevanhu 59.49 pamakiromita ² . Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kare muna 1989, maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu, kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri vanogara imomo, uye muna 1996 - 2.126 mamiriyoni evanhu.

Asi iwe unogona kuenzanisa nhamba chaiye ye vagari veRepublic kana iwe uchiziva kuti vanopfuura 700 000 vanhu vanorarama kunze kwenharaunda. Hurumende yenhau yeRussian Federation inotaura nezvehuwandu hwakawanda. Pakati pezvikomo zvose, huwandu hwevanhu muDagestan ndewumwe hukuru. Paavhareji, pane 2.13 vana pavakadzi.

Vagari vanotaura chiRussia uye mitauro yenyika yeDagestan. Asi 14 chete yemitauro yemarudzi eRepublic yakanyora mutauro. Zvose zviri mumuromo. Asi yakawanda ndeye mapoka mana emitauro chete.

Kukura kwevanhu

Iyo republic inopesana mukuberekwa kwepamusoro. Iyo ine nzvimbo inokudzwa yechitatu munzvimbo ino muRussia. Ingushetia chete neChechenya ndivo vari mberi kwayo. Gore roga roga, kune vana vanenge 19.5 vacheche vachipfuura vagari vane chiuru. Makore mashanu akapfuura chiyero ichi chaiva 18.8 muRepublic of Dagestan.

Vagari vanokura gore negore. Mutengo wekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu ndewekupedzisira muRussia. Panguva imwe chete, 45% chete yevanhu vanogara mumaguta, asi vamwe vose vanogara kumaruwa. Varume vari munyaya iyi yeRussian Federation vashoma zvishomanana, mugove wavo uri 48.1%. Kana tikangotarisa chete vanhu veDagestan, zvino hurumende ino inosvika 13 pazvidzidzo zvose zveChirungu.

Kuparadzirwa kweguta

Inonyanya kuderedzwa ndeye guta guru reRipublic - guta reMakhachkala. Pamwe pano pano anogara 583 zviuru zvevanhu. Uye kana iwe uchifunga nezvemisha yose iri pasi pekutonga kweguta guru, ipapo vanenge mazana manomwe vanhu vanobva.

Vanhu vazhinji vanogara mune mamwe maguta eRepublic of Dagestan. Vagari veguta reKhasavyurt vanosvika 137 mamiriyoni, Derbent - 121 mazana, Kaspiysk - 107 mamiriyoni, Buinaksk - 63 mamiriyoni.

Kana iwe ukatarisa kumatare ehurumende, zvino vanhu vakawanda vachava Khasavyurtovsky: mairi panguva yekuverengwa kwevanhu vanosvika 149 zviuru zvevanhu. Munharaunda yeDerbent pane 102 000 Dagestanis, muzvikwata zveBuinakskiy neKarabudakhkent 78 uye 79 000 vanhu pamwe chete.

National composition

Zvakakodzera kutaura pamusoro pazvo kuti vanhu veRepublic of Dagestan inharaunda yakasiyana nedzimwe nyika. Makiromita makumi mashanu emakiromita ² kune marudzi anopfuura zana nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Usakanganwa kuti chikamu chendima yacho hachina kukodzera kumakomo emakomo.

Iboka rakawanda kwazvo vanhu vemunharaunda - Avars. Maererano na2010, nhamba yavo yaiva 850 zviuru zvevanhu, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva 29.4% yevagari vose. Nhamba inotevera ndiyo nhamba yeDargin vanhu. Ivowo vanhu vemunharaunda yehurumende , saka zvinokosha kuziva kuti vangani vasara. Vagari veDagestan vari kukura, pamwe chete, uye nhamba yemadzinza. Muna 2010, maiva neDarginian 490 000 (17% yehamba yose) vanogara muRipublic, uye muna 2002 maive neakawanda kwazvo - 425.5 zviuru.

Yechitatu muhamba ndeye Kumyks. MuDagestan, vanorarama vanenge 15%, kana 432 zviuru zvevanhu. Zvishoma zvishoma kune Lezgins, vanoita 13% yehuwandu hwevanhu vanogara. Nhamba yevanhu ava muRepublic inenge 388 000.

Uyezve, semugumisiro wekuverenga, zvakawanikwa kuti kune zvikafu zvishoma zvedzinza. Somuenzaniso, kuDagestan ikoko kunorarama zvishoma kune 5% yeLaks, 4% yeAzerbaijan neTabasarans, 3.6% yeRussia, uye 3.2% yeChechens.

Zvimwe zvitendero

Vagari vemaguta eDagestan zvakasiyana chaizvo. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, vanenge 90% yevagari vemo vane chitendero chimwe. Vakawanda vari muno republic repesses Islam. Kuparadzira chitendero ichi kwakatanga munharaunda iyi muzana remakore reVII. Pakutanga akazviratidza kuDerbent uye pane imwe nzvimbo yakazara. Islam yakava chitendero chakakosha chete muzana remakore rechigumi nemana-XIV.

Kupararira kwakadaro kwakakura kunokonzerwa nehondo dze internecine dzakagara kwemazana maviri emakore munguva ino. Asi mushure mokunge kupinda kweMongol-Tatars uye kurwiswa kunotevera kwaTamerlane, Islam yakava chitendero chevose vanogara mugomo rezve republic. Panguva imwe chete, pane mazano maviri muDagestan: Sunnism uye Shiism. Wokutanga wavo anotaura huwandu hwakazara-99% yevagari veRepublic of Dagestan.

Vagari vevamwe vakasara 10% yevanhu vasina maMuslim vanotaura chiKristu nechiJudha. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane 3.8% yevanhu veOrthodox kubva kune yehuwandu hwevagari vemo. Mumakore ekuma90. MuDagestan maiva nemasikiti anopfuura 1 6 000, makereke manomwe nemasinagogi mana. Zvinhu zvakadai zvechitendero zvinopa pfungwa yakajeka yechitendero chinowedzera.

Historical features

Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ndeyekugadzirwa kwezvakaitika kare munharaunda ino. Nguva dzose Dagestan yakakamurwa kuva nheyo dzezvakaitika uye nzvimbo dzenharaunda. Kusiyana, zvikamu zvinotevera zvinosarudzwa mune republic republic: Avariya, Akusha-Dargo, Agul, Andriya, Dido, Auch, Kaitag, Lakia, Kumiakia, Salatavia, Lekia, Tabarstan nevamwe.

Nharaunda yeDagestan yemazuva ano yakagarwa kare iko mamiriyoni emakore apfuura. Somugumisiro wehondo pakutanga kwemakore ekupedzisira yemakore ekupedzisira, nzvimbo idzi dzakava pasi peKazars, uye shure kwavo vaTatar-Mongols vakatora.

Hondo yechipiri yeRussia nePezhiya yakasiya chiratidzo pamusangano. Muzana remakore rechi16, vaRussia vakavaka guta rePort Petrovsk (zvino riri Makhachkala) uye vakaunganidza zvakakwana kugungwa rose reCaspian Sea kuenda kunharaunda yeRussia Empire.

Pakazosvika zana remakore rechigumi nemana, Dagestan yakava ruwa rweCaucasian. Asi pakati pezana remakore, kupanduka kwakaitika munharaunda iyi, iyo yakashandurwa kuva hondo yeCaucasian. Somugumisiro, dunhu reDagestan rakaumbwa mukati meUsia pasi pehondo-yakakurumbira mitemo.

Panguva yeSoviet era, Dagestan ASSR yakagadzwa. Muna 1993 yakava republic of Dagestan.

Tsika nemitambo muRepublic

Nemhaka yehutano hwakasiyana-siyana, hurumende yakasiyana. Izvi zvinosiya chikwangwani pakuvandudzika kwetsika dzeharaunda. Semuenzaniso, pano kune dzakawanda zvemitambo yenyika, pakati pavo Darginsky uye Kumyksky. The Old Town, Citadel uye zvivako zvakawanda zveguta reDerbent zvinowanikwa muUNESCO World Heritage List. MuRepublic kune apo anenge 8 000 zviyeuchidzo.

Imwe yebhuku guru pane dhipatimendi muNorth Caucasus, mune mairi mabhuku anopfuura mazana manomwe, iri muRepublic of Dagestan.

Vagari vanobatanidzwawo mune zvemitambo. Nharaunda iyi ndeimwe yevatungamiri muRussia maererano nemitambo yekuwana. Sekuda kwemakore makumi mashanu Dagestan inokurumbira kune varwi vayo. Uyezve, vanhu gumi vanobva munharaunda iyi vakava mauto eOlympic, vanhu 41 vakagadzwa mukurumbira wenyika uye 89 - mhare yeEurope.

Tsika dzeZimbabwe

Kusiyana, vese vanotsvakurudza vanocherechedza rukudzo rwakajeka rweDagestan. Nheyo yenhaka yezvokunamata ye republic ndiyo chaiyo mitauro yakasiyana-siyana uye yakasiyana-siyana yenharaunda yacho. Chirevo chemuviri-chirevo chakagadzirwa kubvira kare. Icho chiri chimiro chenyori, nyanzvi yezvinyorwa.

Unyanzvi hwakanaka hwakagadzirwa chete muzana remakore rechi20. MuRepublic pane apo vose vave vanyori uye varavheti. Asi kukorongedza uye kushandisa unyanzvi kwakadzika muBronze Age. Iye zvino muzvishongo zveDagestan zvinogadzirwa, izvo zvakashongedzwa neonamel, niello, engraving. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nemhangura yavo yekugadzira, zvigadzirwa zvematanda zvine sirivha incisions kana mapfupa ekudzivirira, makeramics nemifananidzo, mapeti.