Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye anatomi of dehenya

Kana Paunoongorora dzevanhu dehenya, tinogona kumboremekedza yayo huru zvinoriumba. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti chikamu ichi marangwanda zvinosanganisira vakavhengana sandara uye pneumatic mapfupa. Mumwe rokuti ane inonakidza yakarongeka rakaoma rinoda vainyatsotarisirwa.

General anatomi musoro marangwanda

The kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose dehenya kuti vaongorore kusiyana mashandiro aro; ndiwo rutsigiro chinobatanidza kwokutanga yemweya (nasal mhango uye muromo), kuti zvomudumbu turakiti. Uyezve, chikamu ichi marangwanda anoita se mudziyo kuti pfungwa uye uropi.

The dehenya inogona muzvikamu zviviri: chiso uye pfungwa. Muganhu pakati pavo panguva rokumusoro pamucheto ziso panosangana: iye anotevera pamwe chobudira kuburikidza fronto-zygomatic suture. Somugumisiro, kupatsanura mutsetse anouya pamusoro ari mastoid kwacho uye auditory Canal orifice.

Nzira yakanakisisa yokudzidza zvakadzama sechivako Musoro dzevanhu - ndiwo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose dehenya. The anatomi muviri mugove iyi kuchijeka zvikuru. Pashure pezvose, ane yoga kudzidza mapfupa, sezvo mutemo, garai kudivi siyana zvinokosha dzidzo (makomba uye migero), panguva Junction.

pfungwa dhipatimendi

Kutaura zvazviri, mhango pakati cranium ari kuenderera musana mugero. Chikamu ichi marangwanda ine mapfupa zvina unpaired (occipital, sphenoid, frontal uye ethmoid), uyewo mbiri mbiri (zvenyama parietal).

Kana kuteerera muuropi dhipatimendi, tinogona kuona kuti ane ovoid chimiro uye rakakamurwa nechigadziko uye padenga (padenga). Basa miganhu pakati pavo anoridza ndege, izvo zvinogona kutakura kubva kunze pakukwirira ari occipital mapfupa kusvikira superciliary maberere.

Sechivako padenga uye chawo

Padenga kuchibva occipital, zvenyama, parietal, mapfupa frontal uye pachikero. The kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose cranial unokubvumira kuona kuti zvinoriumba izvi zvose vane chinokosha mamiriro - kwamahwendefa maviri. Mumwe wavo ari kusangana mukati musoro, mumwe ari kwokunze.

The lowermost chikamu dehenya, inonzi nechigadziko anewo yokunze uye pemvura yomukati. Kune shure, kumberi uye pakati cranial fossa. Ivo dziri munzvimbo yomukati pechiso hwaro. Kana kunze kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri dehenya hwaro kunotibvumira kumuona condyles uye dzinotsanagura pfupa, aperture, uye choanae.

Sezvaunogona kuona, dhipatimendi Data mamiriro chose kuoma.

The chikuru pfupa rimwe cranium

Nokudzidza kiyi zvinoumba chikamu chino marangwanda ari musoro, hatigoni kuteerera dorsal pamusoro. Heuno occipital pfupa. Kunze, ine convex chimiro, mukati - concave. pfupa Izvi kungogumira foramen magnum, unobatanidza munhu vertebral Canal ane mhango.

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho neurocranium kunokubatsira kuwana rwepanyama pfupa, inova hwemvura mukamuri uye panguva imwecheteyo chinonetsa. Kuti muviri mwero uye kunzwa. nzvimbo iyi musoro marangwanda inogona muzvikamu zvitatu: matombo, ngoma uye scaly.

Mukati zvenyama mapfupa muri makwara rinokosha. Musculo-mutopota, hope chiso, mastoid canaliculus, etc. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvinokuvadza munzvimbo iyi ngozi chaizvo.

Uyewo dehenya kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kunoita kuti kuchengeta muuropi pamusoro ecuneiform. Inoitwa necheni nhatu zvinoshandiswa uye muviri. A unongoda pakati frontal (pamberi) uye occipital pfupa (shure). The medial ndiro kuti chikamu bapiro zvinoshandiswa dzichiumbwa nasal mhango.

Uropi chikamu marangwanda musoro uye frontal, parietal, uye ethmoid pfupa.

The kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose chiso dehenya

Kana kuteerera chikamu chino marangwanda ari musoro, tinogona kuona zvikuru zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Unofanira kutanga rokumusoro shaya, inova hwemvura mukamuri uye ine pezvakaitwa mana (palatine, frontal, zygomatic, alveolar) uye muviri. In muviri secrete nasal, orbital, infratemporal uye mberi pamusoro.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti repamusoro shaya mugove paumbwe nasal mhango, uye pterygium-palatal infratemporal makomba, uyewo pamuromo uye ziso nezvigadziko.

kwakaita nzvimbo yacho dehenya zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuona zygomatic pfupa. It anoshumirawo somutariri hwemvura mukamuri uye nokusimbaradza nechemberi. chikamu ichi marangwanda ari musoro kunofambidzana kune frontal, mapfupa zvenyama yokumusoro shaya.

Palatine pfupa unoitawo basa rinokosha. Rinogona kuwanikwa shure yokumusoro shaya. Miganhu ichi chinhu pamusoro dehenya kubva mberi chikamu pterygoid muitiro womunhu sphenoid mapfupa. MUNDA mukanwa chinosanganisira perpendicular uye zvido zvevanhu mahwendefa.

The repasi shaya, uyewo, ndiyo chete unpaired pfupa uye chinjwa nhengo musoro marangwanda. Rine mbiri matavi uye muviri. At zvenyama mapfupa anoumba temporomandibular rwakashodoka. Zvakananga muviri pachawo ane hwakakungwa chimiro uye zvinosanganisira yokunze convex uye yomukati concave hukawanika.

Uyewo pamberi marangwanda ari musoro ane nasal, lacrimal, hyoid pfupa, nebadza uye condylar rikurumidze.

Nokudaro, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri dehenya kunotungamirira pakugumisa kuti chikamu ichi muviri womunhu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma uye anoita vachitsigira uye anodzivirira basa, asi unoitawo basa rinokosha muna kufema uye zvomudumbu nehurongwa.