Chikamu, hupfumi, chitendero, vanhu veA Afghanistan. Kuwanda kwevanhu kweA Afghanistan

Afghanistan, zvichida, ndeimwe yenyika dzinoshungurudza munyika ino yanhasi. Vagari vekure kubva kumativi ose vakaona zvakanyanya sehuwandu hwevanhu varo vakatambura kwemakore makumi mana apfuura. Afghanistan, pasinei nemakore akawanda ehondo, ine tsika yakasiyana, uye vagari vayo vanoenderera kutarisa netariro mune ramangwana. Ngatitangei nekunyatsorondedzera kuti vanhu venyika yeAsia iyi ndeyei.

Geographical nzvimbo uye ndima

Musati maziva vanhu vehurumende chero ipi zvayo, unoda kuziva kuti mune nzvimbo dzipi dziripo.

Nharaunda yeA Afghanistan kune 652.9000 mamiriyoni mamita. Km, iyo ndiyo chiratidzo chenyika 41. Hurumende iri munzvimbo, iyo tsika yokutaura kuCentral Asia. Nyika haina nzvimbo yekuenda kuWorld Ocean. Kurutivi rwokumaodzanyemba kweAfghanistan inobatana neTurkmenistan, Tajikistan neUzbekistan, kumabvazuva muvakidzani wayo iChina, kumaodzanyemba - Pakistan neIndia, uye kumadokero - Iran. Iko guta guru Kabul.

Afghanistan inonyanya nzvimbo ine makomo. Mamiriro emamiriro ekunze ari pasi penyika yepasi, iyo inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwechando uye kunopisa.

Nhoroondo Yfupi

Zvino regai titarise muchidimbu nhoroondo yevanhu vanogara muAfghanistan. Kubvira panguva yekare, nharaunda yezuva ranhasi reAfghanistan yaiva chikamu cheumambo hwakasiyana-siyana: VaAkaya, nyika yaAlexander Mukuru, nezvimwewo. Gare gare, nyika yakava pakati peushe hweKushan, uye zvakare Eftalits (white White), iyo dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvakaitika kare dzinofunga nezve madzitateguru ePastun, mazuva ano eAfghanistan .

Zvadaro, kubva pahafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechinomwe, nguva yechiIslam yakatanga munhoroondo yenyika, iyo yakanga yakabatana nekutonga kweArabhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, vaTurkey vakatanga kupinda munzvimbo yeA Afghanistan. Kwapera nguva yakati, yakava pakati penzvimbo dzakasimba dzeumambo hweGhaznavids naGurids. Asi mushure mekunge maMongol akakunda muzana remakore rechigumi nemakumi mana munharaunda yeAghanistan kwenguva refu kwakanga kusina hupfumi hwehurumende.

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi16, chikamu chekumadokero cheA Afghanistan chaive chikamu cheSafavid nyika yeIran, uye chikamu chekumabvazuva, pamwe neKabul, chakanga chakabatanidzwa muMughal Empire nechepakati peIndia. Pakupedzisira, muna 1747 Pastun Ahmad Shah Durrani akatanga nhepfenyuro yehurumende yeAghghan, iyo yakazozivikanwa seMudran Empire. Mamiriro ehurumende akatanga kutanga Kandahar, uye Kabul. Yakakwanisa kuwedzera simba rayo kwete kune vose veAfghanistan, asiwo kune chikamu cheIrish neIndia.

Kubvira muna 1838, hondo dzakawanda dzeAnglo-Afghan dzakatanga. Chinangwa cheBritish chaiva chekudzivirira kuchengetedza pamusoro peA Afghanistan. Umambo hweRussia hwaiva nezvinangwa zvakafanana. Mukurwisana kwemaviri maviri eUnited Kingdom, zvaive zvichikwanisika kugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi kuchengetedza pamusoro pemuzinda weA Afghanistan, asi mushure meTatu yeAnglo-Afghan War, Central Central state yakakwanisa kudzivirira kuzvimiririra kwayo.

Kubvira muna 1929, emirate yeA Afghanistan inowanzozivikanwa seumambo. Asi muna 1973 hutongi hwemadzimambo hwakabviswa nechisimba. Muna 1978, hutsva hutsva hwakaitwa, semugumisiro wekuti chikamu chemutauro wemakomunisti, chakatarisana neUSSR, chakava nesimba. Muna 1979, akakumbira rubatsiro rwechiuto kubva kuSoviet Union mukurwisana nevashori. Kubvira panguva iyo, hondo muAfghanistan yave ichienderera mberi.

Muna 1989, mauto eSoviet akadzingwa kubva munharaunda yenyika, uye hurumende yeCommunist yakakurumidza kuwira. Kumasimba kwakauya vadzivisi vake, avo vakaisa kumadokero. Asi hondo haina kumira. Musoro wakakurira nemauto eIslamist emutungamiri weTaliban. Pakazosvika 1997, vaidzora Kabul uye vazhinji venyika. Kurwiswa kwemasvingo eNew York musi waSeptember 11, 2001 uye nekuchengetedzwa kwemugadziri wayo, Osama bin Laden, neVaTaliban, yakashanda semuenzaniso wekuunza US mauto nevakabatana navo kuAngland.

Pasinei nekuti sangano rekubatana kwevaTaliban rakamanikidzwa kuenda kumativi ari kure enyika, uye sarudzo dzezvematongerwe enyika dzakaitwa muAustralia, pakupedzisira, hondo iripo nanhasi.

Population population

Uye zvino ngationei kuti vangani vanhu vari muA Afghanistan.

Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuverengwa kwevagari vemo, maererano nehondo inoramba iripo, nguva yekupedzisira iyo yakaitwa kwete kare kare - muna 2013. Maererano nematare aro, vanhu veAfghanistan vane 31.108 mamiriyoni evanhu. Iyi nhamba ndiyo nzvimbo makumi mana munyika. Kare muna 2009, nhamba yevagari vayo yaiva mamiriyoni 28.4.

Kuwanda kwevanhu

Kuziva nzvimbo yenyika, hazvisi zvakaoma kuverenga kuwanda kwevanhu veA Afghanistan. Muna 2013, yaive nevanhu 43.5 pamakiromita anopfuura. Km.

Kuenzanisira: chiratidzo chimwe chete muRussia ndeye 8.56 vanhu pamakiromita mana. Km.

Mahedheni akaumbwa

Vanhu vanove vakagovana sei maererano nemadzinza nemitauro? Afghanistan inyika yakasiyana-siyana umo vamiririri vemarudzi akawanda nemadzinza vanogara.

Vanhu vazhinji kwazvo veAfghanistan, pasina mubvunzo, ndivo Pastuns. Chaizvoizvo, apo izwi rokuti "Afghans" rinoshandiswa mupfungwa shoma yeshoko, ivo vanoreva chaizvoizvo ivo. Maererano nekufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana, chikwata chePassunun muA Afghanistan chinoita 39-42% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwenyika. Mukuwedzera, kune nzvimbo dzinokosha dzehukama huno muPakistan neIran. Nharaunda yePastun ndiPash, mutauro wehurumende weAustralia, iyo ndeyeEngland Iranian boka.

Rudzi rwechipiri rwakakura kupfuura mamwe ose munyika yacho ndiTajik, kana kuti Persia. Chiremera chavo muhuwandu hweA Afghanistan kune 25-30%. Mutauro wavo unodonha, uyewo ndeweboka reIrish. Mutauro uyu ndiwo mutauro wechipiri wehurumende muAfghanistan, uye unoshanda senzira yekukurukurirana kweperethnic pakati pevamiriri vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.

Iboka rechitatu rinokosha reAfghans iUbeks. Zvinoumba 6-9% yevanhu vese nyika. Mutauro weku Uzbek, kusiyana nemamwe mairi maviri apfuura, unoreva kare kuTurkey.

Mukuwedzera, mapoka makuru emadzinza muAustralia ari Hazaras, Pashayis, Charaimaks, Turkmen, Nuristanis, Pamir peoples, Baluchis, Braugui, Gujars, Kirghiz, Kyzylbashs uye Vashandi.

The Religion

Chii chinonzi vagari veAfghanistan vanotenda? Chitendero chinoshandisa nzvimbo inokosha muhupenyu hwenyika. Uyezve, hupenyu hwechitendero hunomiririrwa nekutenda kumwechete-kutenda. Vanopfuura 99% yevanhu vomunharaunda yenyika vanozvitaura. Panguva imwechete, inenge 80% inonamatira maitiro eSunni (kunyanya madhihab Hanafi), uye 18% - Shiite. Basa rinokosha reIslam muhupenyu hwenyika rinosimbiswa nekuti iyo inonzi yakanzi Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Panguva yekutonga kweTaliban, nyika yakagara kunyange pasi peSaria mutemo, iyo yakaputsa Dare reHuman Rights ne Freedoms.

Asi ndiyo Afghanistan chete pakati pezvitendero zveIslam? Nhamba yevanhu vanozviti kutenda kwechiKristu ndeye 30 000 munyika. Ivo vakawanda maPurotesitendi, avo vanewo vagari venyika. Mukuwedzera, kune vamiririri vezvitendero zvinotevera muAfghanistan: Hindus, Bahá'ís, Zoroastria, Sikhs, asi zvinomiririra, kazhinji, vanhu vashoma. Afghanistan, saka, inyika yeIslam.

Economy of the state

Zvechokwadi, hurumende yakarohwa kwemakumi emakore nehondo haigoni kuva nehupfumi hwakasimba uye hwakasimba. Panguva iyo nyika iri panzvimbo 219 nzvimbo maererano neGDP per capita, kureva kuti, ndeimwe yevarombo pasi pose. Iko kunonyanya nyika yegrarian inobereka zviyo, michero, mvere, njodzi Indaneti inenge isisina kusimbiswa.

Zvisinei, hapana mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, uye vanhu pachavo vari kutsvaga nzira yekubuda nayo. Afghanistan ndiyo nheyo yenyika yekugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka, izvo zvinokonzera kunyanya kunetseka kwezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zveUN.

Ramangwana renyika

Nokudaro, takatsanangura zvakaitika kare uye zviripo zve nyika yakafanana neAngland. Nharaunda, huwandu, hupfumi nedzimwe nyaya dzaifungwa nesu. Asi chii chinomirira nyika mune ramangwana? Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inenge yakaoma uye inobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda. Asi isu tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti pasina kubviswa kwakakwana kwemhirizhonga muAfghanistan uye hurumende yakazara yakakwana pamusoro penharaunda yayo, ramangwana rakasimba renyika harigoneki.

Ngatitarisirei kuti murugare rwamangwana ruchauya munharaunda yeA Afghanistan.