Cyclic mamiriro bhajeti dhefisiti

Hurumende bhajeti dhefisiti ndiyo mari nawo ayo negore mari pfuura zveminda. The pamusoro Pfungwa iri chokuita tsanangudzo "hurumende chikwereti" - Verenga vatorwa chikwereti ehurumende kana zvavo repamutemo vamiririri kana vanhu. Nokudaro, basa rinogona kuva kwokunze kana zvemukati.

The dhefisiti pakati ehurumende bhajeti pagore kunogona kufukidzwa nokuwedzera yenyika chikwereti. Uyezve, pane nyaya mari. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange pakati nepakati bhajeti iri mamiriro hariratidzi munhu upfumi utano. Izvi zvinoshandawo zvikurukuru nyaya apo nyika ine chikwereti zvikuru.

Kune mhando akasiyana bhajeti dhefisiti. Chikuru chinogona kutaurwa zvinotevera:

1. Cyclical.
2. Structural.
3. Operational.
4. Primary.
5. The quasi-fiscal.

Cyclic mamiriro bhajeti dhefisiti kunokonzerwa ichavakirwa-mune zvoupfumi stabilizers. "Vakavaka-mu" (otomatiki) stabilizers tinonyanyonangwa mashandiro hwenyika, hwaishandiswa zvinoita kuchiderera amplitude pakati cyclical nokufamba mukati goho uye basa mumatunhu. Saka hazvina kuitwa kakawanda kuchinja zvoupfumi divi. stabilizers kwakadaro mune dzakabudirira ndivo mutero maitiro uye hurumende anotamisa (kwemabasa inishuwarenzi zvikurukuru), uyewo kwegadziriro purofiti-kugoverana. Automatic zvigadziriswe kusvika pamwero vasanyanya dambudziko refu lags mu adaro fiscal negwaro. Izvi zvakabatsira zvikurukuru nokuti stabilizers kutanga kushanda vakazvimiririra, pasina hurumende kupindira.

Mugadziriro yechinangwa adaro fiscal mutemo kuti inotokonya zvachose (uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.) kudiwa panguva slowdown zvisarudzo chaizvo vanobviswa nehurumende. zvingaitwa aya nechinangwa pakurera padanho goho uye basa. In nedanho Implementation dzavo, tichifunga nezvokuti mamwe marudzi (semuenzaniso, pakutevedzera purogiramu mari chokuita nokuumbwa mabasa matsva) bhajeti kuwedzera kana kutapudza nhamba kwemitero, kusika kusava nechinangwa mari munyika. Panguva iyoyo panguva pamukwidza ekuderedza mitengo pave prerequisites zvakanangwa yemuraudzo.

Discretionary policies hurumende chokuita zvaikosha dzakawanda lags munguva, nokuti kuchinja mari marongerwo kana mwero mitero zvinoreva kukurukurirana refu panguva yeparamende chechetere.

Mukati asiri adaro fiscal wokuti hurumende bhajeti dhefisiti, uyewo yaro yemuraudzo iri kunotangira kwaita. Izvi sei Integrated zveupfumi stabilizers.

Inotungamirwa vakarongeka hurongwa mabasa inishuwarenzi uye mutero progressivity kunoonekwa sechinhu chokutanga, vakadzinganiswa nyika pamwe kuchinja upfumi fomu. In ezvinhu aya, chinangwa matambudziko Kudzikamiswa gwara ikoko pamwe kushaya Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mari, fiscal, uye zvimwe pamutemo zvigadziriswe pakati macroeconomic ezvinhu.

The pamwero "akavaka-mu hupfumi nokugadzikana" iri zvakananga novimba chokupika cyclical bhajeti deficits. Ndivo otomatiki "kuvhunduka absorbers" zvachose (uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.) kudiwa nokufamba. It kuchimuka nokuti kuti dzimwe mhando mari bhajeti (mitero zveminda, zvikurukuru) vari kuwedzera (kudzikira) panguva imwe chete chete rutapudzo (kuwedzera) mu anotamisa kuti pakanyorwa kuderera (richisimuka) kuti entrepreneurial basa.