Cross-muganhu kuchinjwa pachake date - chii ichi?

With kukura pose uye Indaneti ose zuva rava shoma miganhu kurambidzwa kuti zvokutengeserana. Pasinei panzvimbo yakaoma yemarudzi mamiriro ezvinhu, nhamba wechipfuwo emakambani, pamwe dzimwe shamwari, anogara kuwedzera. Kusavapo miganhu mwero kunoda pakatanga yunifomu mitemo kukurukurirana zvevanhu vose ukama. Zvikurukuru, nezvezvitadzo muitiro kugoverana ruzivo pachavo. We inotevera sei kuti muchinjikwa pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko.

2016

Iye zvino, mutemo isina mitemo yakajeka kuti kupanana ruzivo nezvavatorwa dzomuzana. Sezvo kutanga murau pakati kukurukurirana akaita FL nhamba 152. mutemo uyu anoita Implementation kwomuchinjikwa-pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko. Chii? Under basa iri kupa ruzivo pachavo kundima yokumwe mamiriro, yokumwe nhengo wehurumende simba, panyama kana pamutemo masangano. Muna 2014, rakazoshandiswa Federal Law nhamba 242. Iye aifanira kupinda simba 01.sent. 2016. piece mitemo iyi zvinoita vamwe kuchinja mutemo panyaya Specification mitemo processing mashoko ari mashoko uye kukurukurirana network pachedu. Zvisinei, State Duma akatanga rugwaro № 596277-6 kugadziridzwa chinhu. Naizvozvo, 4 Federal Mutemo № 242. In maererano kuchinja izvi, nguva kupinda simba rakanga kumbosiyiwa kuna January 2015 Panguva ino nguva, nhamba 242 Federal Mutemo yatova simba kwenguva inopfuura gore.

kurambidzwa

The FL № 152 vanosanganisira inorambidza, iro rikawira pasi muchinjikwa pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko. kukamurwa uku chokuita kudzivirira Dare ezvinhu yeRussian Federation, utano, tsika, kodzero uye zvinofarirwa chavagari, kwerunyararo National kuchengeteka uye kudzivirira. Muna FL № 152 vasina zvimwe nemitemo. Zvikurukuru, hapana mamiriro ezvinhu pasi iyo nyika kuti zvinopa zvakakwana kudzivirira zvemunhu yaigona chete pamuchinjikwa-pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko. Ava rinoti iro kuita sezvo mapato ari Convention ari ETS nhamba 108, uyewo akaita kuti pasi anotendwa Roskomnadzor Order nhamba 274.

Kakawanda

The Federal Law № 152 rairatidza zviitiko apo State, iyo, pasinei kukundikana kupa zvakakwana kudzivirirwa pachake data, anogona kuitwa muchinjikwa muganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko. Ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu:

1. Akariritira ari yeUnited mutemo, kana urongwa mashoko zvinodiwa kudzivirirwa mubumbiro misimboti, kuchengeteka uye kudzivirira kugona munyika, iyo inogona kuenderera nokushanda chokufambisa kwezvivako, kudzivirirwa zvinhu munzanga, munhu wacho uye hurumende nomutemo chipingaidzo.
2. Kana akazourayiwa chibvumirano, bato iyo Vatsigiri mashoko nhau anopiwa.
3. Kana zvakakodzera kuitira kudzivirira utano, upenyu, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinokosha nyaya pachavo data, uyewo mamwe vanhu kana hazvibviri kuwana akanyorwa mvumo yokutanga.
4. Akariritira mune zvibvumirano dzakawanda.
5. Kana mvumo pamuchinjikwa-muganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko kubva nyaya IPA.

chinokosha

With mvumo kubva nyaya IPA, sezvakatenderanwa Federal Law №152, akabvumira muchinjikwa pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko. mvumo Izvi zvinoda kuti munhu nezvokudzokera kuti mashoko kurondedzera kwaari pachake, zvichataurwa imwe counterparty. Kudikanwa kuwana Gwaro yakadaro kana kutumira mashoko munyika kuti kudzivirira yakakwana haina kuisa mukati normative chiito. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuti nyaya kwave kuziviswa nokuda opareta yacho vaipomerwa mabasa.

Public negwaro

Kudzivisa matambudziko, asi opareta rinoti:

1. Chii chakaita muchinjikwa-pamuganhu chinja.
2. Chii Vhoriyamu mashoko.
3. Persons vanogamuchira mashoko.

Mutekenyi anofanira kuzivisa Roskomnadzor kuti muchinjikwa pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachake Data kuti kubudiswa. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuzadza / kuchinja mune chiziviso. The chiziviso anofanira kutaridzwa nyika kugamuchira mashoko. Asati pakatanga kubudiswa mashoko nezvenyaya Mon nezvokudzokera Kusaona kuvhiyiwa. nzvimbo Izvi zvinoratidzwa mutemo, kondirakiti kana zvimwe gwaro izvo munhu anogona kuwanikwa.

mirau Internal

The dzemo opareta acho anoratidza:

1. Yepamutemo yokuti urongwa pachake mashoko dzevatorwa masangano. Zvikurukuru mazita mirayiro nemhaka iyo kubudiswa uye nokutuma mashoko.
2. Regulation riri pamuchinjikwa-pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachavo mashoko.
3. Description zviyero uye anodzivirira zvokushandisa, kusanganisira hwokugadzira uye cryptographic.

chibvumirano

Mutekenyi unopinda chibvumirano sangano rine muchinjikwa pamuganhu kuchinjwa pachake Data kuti kubudiswa, zvinoreva kuitwa Handler chamakarairwa zvakavanzika mashoko, undosangana zvinodiwa date dziviriro, kuitira vakachengeteka zvavo. The chibvumirano zvakare kutaura mazita mabasa anoitwa mapato.

Kushandiswa unodzivirira michina

Ibasa ari opareta ndiko kushandisa nhamba zviyero kudzivisa kunze komutemo vawane zvemunhu mukufamba basa pamwe ruzivo. Kana izvi vakabvumirwa kushandisa non-vaipupurirwa cryptographic wokudzivirira yomuchipatara nokuda:

1. The ETS zvinodiwa nhamba 108 Convention, nyaya 12.2 iyo haabvumiri kuti kusika mitemo uye kuti ataure chaiyo kudzora mashoko runoyerera kundima yokumwe mamiriro pahwaro nheyo kuchengetedzwa kwemararamiro inviolability edzimba zvenyika.
2. Kuvapo anokosha ezvinhu zvinoreva ekisipoti kubva munharaunda Russia, kusanganisira ayo nhengo encryption Ezvemutauro.
3. The chaizvo zviri mumutemo wenyika imwe nyika umo cryptographic Hardware iri kuunzwa, kunyanya avo vakawana approvals kubva kuMudzidzisi vakuru dzokumwe ichi.

Federal Law № 242

Sepakutanga akaratidza, muna 2014 mumwe mutemo wakadzikwa, izvo vakachinja kwenhamba yemirau panyaya Specification mitemo kubudiswa pachake Data mune ruzivo uye foni network. FZ№ 242 anotsigira kuti Federal Mutemo № 152 mutemo kuti mashoko muunganidzwa muitiro, kusanganisira kuburikidza neindaneti, kuti opareta inofanirwa kuona systematization, kurekodha, kuchengetwa, achinatsa, kuchengetwa uye kudzosa kushandisa zvingoro iri munharaunda Russia. Izvi hazvigoni akasangana kana kubudiswa pachake mashoko rinoitwa kuti:

1. Kuzadzisa zvinangwa yakataurwa dzakawanda chibvumirano kana nomurayiro, kuti pave opareta basa nayo masimba, mabasa uye mabasa.
2. Administration yokururamisira, kuti Implementation ari zvakatongwa, kuita imwe nhengo kana mushandi, kuti aurayiwe munzira nezvaro nemitemo mutemo Russian.
3. Chiitwa kwemasimba nokuda yeUnited, kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati Executive masangano simba zvivako dziri kure-bhajeti ehurumende mari, masangano munyaya urongwa mabasa panguva ehurumende uye nemakanzuru mumatunhu.
4. Mabasa ose wenhau nyanzvi kana nhau basa (pamutemo), kuti mabhuku, zvesayenzi uye zvimwe zvakasikwa. In ichi anofanira kugutsikana pamusoro inadmissibility kushungurudzwa nevamwe.

Sezvo tsika inoratidza ikozvino pamuchinjikwa-pamuganhu kuchinjwa mashoko ane runziro uye yakakunakira chishandiso kudyidzana. Kana kushandiswa zvakanaka, dzaishandisa anogona kuderedza mari iri kubudiswa mashoko mukati Russia.