Dare reEuropean Union: kupi kuumbwa, simba

Vanhu panguva dzose vakatsvaka kubatana. Iyi chokwadi inopupurirwa nehuwandu hwekare hwekubuda kwematunhu akaberekwa kubva kumhuri dzinogara-dziripo dzemhuri kana mharaunda. Nokufamba kwemazuva, kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwevanhu kwakaratidza kubudirira kwemasangano evanhu, ayo anozviratidza mukugadzirisa kwehukama hwehukama. Asi kurongedza mabasa evanhu vazhinji haisi yedzidziso yakawanda semubvunzo unoshanda, unoda kuongorora kwakadzika uye kusarudza kushanda.

Icho chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti sangano harisi rakasiyana. Inosanganisira vanhu vemadzinza akasiyana-siyana, zvitendero, madzinza, nezvimwewo. Vanofanira kutarisirwa pamusana pekusikwa kwepasi rose. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvakakosha kurongedza rudzi rwose rwevanhu pamwe chete, uye kwete mapoka aro akasiyana. Kwemazuva akawanda vanhu vaisagona kuwana mutemo wakakodzera wehukama hwehukama. Zvisinei, ichi chakanga chiri chakanaka, kubudirira kunowedzera zuva nezuva.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti munyika yanhasi kodzero yakagamuchira mataredhi emarudzi akawanda. Mukuwedzera, chikamu chakabudiswa chinowedzera kune zvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Zvinoshamisa kuti kodzero ye EU (European Union). Chimiro ichi chinobatanidza mukugadzirwa kwaro nhamba yakawanda yemitemo yekutonga. Panguva imwecheteyo, EU yakagadzira nzira isina simba yakasimba yekudzivirira nyaya dzepamutemo kubva pamhando ipi zvayo yokuputsa. Basa iri rinoitwa neDare reEuropean Union, iro rine zviitiko uye zvinhu zvichakurukurwa gare gare munyaya yacho.

EU - pfungwa uye kuumbwa

Dare reEuropean Union rinongova nhengo yekuti huripo huripo hunogadziriswa nekuvapo kwenzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro-soro. Iri ndiro nhasi European Union. Muchidimbu chayo, EU ndiyo hutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika uye zvezvematongerwo enyika, iyo yakasikwa kurongedza mabasa akafanana uye kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinangwa.

Kubudirira kwehutano kweEuropean Union iri pamusana wepamusoro. Mune mamwe mazwi, EU nyika, urongwa hwezvinhu zvinoratidzwa pasi apa, hunobatsirwa nekubatanidzwa muchibvumirano, sezvo inosangana zvakananga nemamiriro avo ehupfumi. Uyezve, kupinda muUnited States kunoreva kuvapo kwemiganhu yakasununguka, iyo inobatsira zvikuru kutengeserana kwenyika dzose.

Saka, muUnited States nhasi inosanganisira nyika dzakadaro:

• Austria.
• Belgium.
• Bulgaria.
• Great Britain.
• Hungary.
• Germany.
• Greece.
• Denmark.
• Ireland.
• Spain.
• Italy.
• Cyprus.
• Latvia.
• Lithuania.
• Luxembourg.
• Malta.
• Netherlands.
• Poland.
• Portugal.
• Estonia.
• Romania.
• Slovakia.
• Slovenia.
• Finland.
• France.
• Sweden.
• Czech Republic.

Kana iri mabasa ehurumende iyo, inotongwa. Mutemo weUnited States unokanganisa hurukuro dzakawanda dzinomuka mumabasa ezuva nezuva ehupfumi uye zvematongerwe enyika. Nokudaro, kuti uwane zvakanyatsodzidza pamusoro payo, zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvinhu zvemitemo yemutemo.

Mutemo weEuropean Union

Nyika dzeEU, dzine ruzivo rwakarongedzwa nguva dzose, runotungamirirwa mumabasa avo nemitemo yepamutemo. Nokudaro, mutemo weEuropean Union ndeyemamiriro ehurumende chaiwo ehurumende muhupenyu hwahwo, iyo inokanganisa nzira yekubatanidza kweEurope yenyika dzenhengo dzechibvumirano, uye inobatanidzwawo nekushanda kwemasimba ayo masimba.

Kune huwandu hunoti hunoonekwa pamusoro pekugoverwa kwechikwata ichi. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti mutemo weEuro inyaya yehurumende iyo inobatanidza nheyo dzepamutemo dzemitemo yenyika yose uye maitiro ehurumende dzinobatanidzwa. Vamwe vamiririri vesayenzi vanotaura pamusoro pekuvapo kwechikwata pahutano hwemaitirwo enyika. Asi, zvisinei, hazvigoni kuramba kuzvimiririra kwemutemo weEuro nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana:

• Iine chimiro chayo chayo;
• Kodzero yeEU inobva mune dzimwe dzidziso;
• Kubudirira kwayo kunowedzera kune vamwe vatori vechikamu;
• Kodzero yeUnited States inowanikwa mune imwe sarudzo yepamutemo.

Sezvatinonzwisisa, kuvapo kwemutemo kunotarisa kukosha kweruramisiro, iyo ichadzivirira kukwanisa kwevanhu vayo. MuEuropean Union kune urongwa hworuramisiro, kubudirira kwahwo kunozviratidza mubasa redzimhosva rinokosha.

Institute of Judiciary of the European Union

Zvechokwadi, vatungamiri venyika 28 iyo nhengo dzeEU hazvibviri kunze kwekuvapo kwemiviri inokosha iyo mabasa inosanganisira kugadzirisa dzimwe nharo. Mune mamwe mazwi, mune imwe sarudzo inofanira kunge iri nheyo yeruramisiro.

Kutaura zvakananga nezveEuropean Union, kushamwaridzana uku kuripo uye, kunyanya kukosha, kwave kushanda kwemakore akawanda. Nhoroondo yaro inotanga muna 1952, apo Dare reEuropean Coal and Steel rakagadzwa. Gare gare, mutumbi uyu wakanzizve Dare reJustice yeEurope Communities. Pakavepo, dare rakarongedza nhamba yakawanda yezviitiko zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kusvika iye zvino, Dare reEuropean Union, kunyanya, basa rayo rinotungamirirwa nemitemo yeSangano reLisbon, rinobva muna 2007. Maererano nechiito ichi, chimiro chinomiririrwa chine unyanzvi uye humwe mabasa. Nzvimbo yeDare reEuropean Union ndiro guta reLuxembourg.

Maitiro eHofisi

Kusvika iye zvino, sangano rinoshanda kuburikidza nehupfumi hwepamutemo hwepamutemo uye yakagadzirwa zvakanaka mukati. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti chimiro cheDare reUnited States chinobatsira kutarisana nematambudziko zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane kugoverwa kwehutano pakati pezvikamu zvemuviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti izwi rokuti "Dare reEuropean Union" inoratidzirwa yehurongwa hwose hwekutonga huri muhutano hweEU kusvika zvino. Icho chinonyanya kujekesa chikonzero chemugadziriro iyi, pasina mubvunzo, kuwirirana. Chimiro chayo chinoratidzwa mumiganhu yeChipatano cheEuropean Union. Maererano nemashoko akanyorwa mubasa iri rekusimudzira, Dare reUnited States rine:

- zvikepe zvakananga;

- tribunal;

- dare rakasarudzwa.

Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvakatumirwa zvinokonzerwa nekufungisisa kana mufambiro wematambudziko ehumwe unhu. Izvozvowo zvinokonzera kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana munyaya imwe neimwe.

Dare senhengo huru yeU.J. Justice Institute

Guta reLuxembourgish ndicho chigaro chebazi guru rinobvumirwa kugadzirisa kukakavadzana mukati memiganhu yemikana inopiwa neEuropean Union. Dare rekugadzirisa iyi ndiro rakanyanya kukwirira mumamiriro ehurongwa hwekutonga kweEU. Dare rekutongwa rinoitwa mumitambo miviri yakatarwa nesangano: yakawanda uye mumakamuri. Unyanzvi hwemuviri hwakawandisa nhasi. Icho chikonzero chinokonzerwa nehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika eEuropean Union uye sarudzo yayo. Utungamiri hwomuviri hunoitwa nesachigaro, uyo nhasi kune Kun Lenars.

Maitiro eDare

Dare rinomirira rinoshandiswa. Sangano rayo sangano rinosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru. Wekutanga ndiye sachigaro. Mutariri uyu anobatanidza mabasa ehurumende yose yekutonga kweDare reEuropean Union. Akasarudzwa kwemakore matatu nechisarudzo chekuvhota chevatori vechikamu. Basa guru reasachigaro nderokuparadzira matambudziko pakati pemarongerwo emagadziro edzimhosva uye kurongedza maitiro avo. Zvivakwa zvemukati zviyewo makamuri uye plenums. Izvo zviripo kuti kuwedzere kushanda kwekuongorora kwemaindasitiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, matambudziko anokosha anongoratidzwa pamisangano ye plenum.

Muviri wakagadzirwa

Zvechokwadi, guta reLuxembourgish rinozivikanirwa nekuda kwevatongi varo, kwete rekuita dare pacharo. Pashure pezvose, vanoshandisa mamwe mabasa nemabasa mukati memasimba avo. Kuumbwa kweDare kwakanyanyisa. Inoshandisa nhengo makumi maviri nemasere kuti dzisangane, kureva kuti, munhu mumwe chete kubva kune imwe nhengo yenhengo yeEuropean Union. Mukuwedzera, pane nzvimbo yakadaro senhengo yakawanda. Ivo vanobatanidzwa muU.D. Court kune vanhu vasere. Inofanirawo kuonekwa kuvepo kwezvigadziri uye munyori wezvemitemo muhutano hwomuviri.

Simba reDare reJustice yeEuropean Union

Chiremera chipi nechipi chine zvinhu zvinokosha zvinofanira kuitwa pasina kukanganisa. Asi nokuda kweizvi dhipatimendi rakapiwa masimba mamwe, kureva, rusununguko rwekuita mune iri kana iyo. Dare reEuropean Union haisi izvozvi munyaya iyi. Anopiwawo masimba akawanda anogadzirisa mabasa anokosha emuviri. Simba rakagadziriswa muSangano reEuropean Union. Maererano nemirairo yayo, Dare rine kodzero:

• Funga nezvezvakaitika zvenyika dzinobatanidzwa pamusoro pekutyora nedzimwe nhengo dzakafanana dzekodzero dzakatemwa nemitemo yeEU;
• Kutarisa mabasa emasangano makuru eEuropean Union maererano nekwaniso uye mutemo mukugadzirisa dzimwe nyaya;
• Rondedzera mutemo weEU pakukumbira mapato anofarira;
• Kuongorora hutsika hwemaitiro ehurumende anobudiswa nemitumbi yesangano, pamwe nekubudirira kwavo mukugadzirisa humwe hukama;
• Funga nezvekukakavadzana kwekukakavadzana pakati peEuropean Union pachayo sechinhu chakakosha uye nhengo dzayo;
• Issue mazano ekupa mazano pane dzimwe zvibvumirano zvepamutemo zvepamutemo;
• Kuita cassation pane zvisarudzo zveGweta.

Kutumira muviri

Sezvatinogona kuona, mabasa eEuropean Union body body inosanganisira nguva dzakawanda dzinonakidza. Uhupamhi hwahwo hunyanzvi hunotsanangurwa nenharaunda yakawanda yesangano uye kuvapo kwechikwata chikuru chevatori vechikamu, izvo zvinozogadzirwa uye nyika dzakasununguka. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa edare anotambanudzirwa zvakanyanya kune veUnited States. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyunyuta kuEuropean Court kunogona kuiswa chete neboka iro rinosangana nesangano. Ichi chinhu chakakosha ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvechirongwa chinotaurwa munyaya yacho.

Nhoroondo yeChiremba

Inyika yeEuropean Union ine kodzero yekushandisa kune rimwe boka rinokosha rehurumende yehurumende. Izvi zvinogona kunzi Dare reGurisi. Pasinei nezita rayo rakanaka, mutumbi haufungi mhosva dzakabatana munzira ipi neipi yehondo, nezvimwewo. Kunyange zvakadaro, masimba eDare reGurukota haasi akaderera kupfuura aya eDare reU.E. Mumabasa ayo, icho chinoongorora maitiro ekukuvadza, inotsanangurira mutemo uye kutendeseka kwezviito zvehurumende dzeEU, nharo pamusoro pekusaita kweimwe masangano ehurumende uye European Central Bank, nezvimwewo. Unyanzvi hweDare reGurukota hunogadziriswa nezvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana zvechikwata, izvo zvinotaura nezvekodzero dzayo.

Chii chinonyanya kutongwa?

Sangano reNixip rakagadziriswa muna 2001 rinopa humwe humwe huitiko hwekutonga muUnited States. Matare edzimhosva ndeyemiviri miviri inotarisana nematambudziko chaiwo. Semitemo, yakadaro inopikisana inowanikwa munharaunda yebasa uye panyaya dzehupfumi hwehupfumi. Nokudaro, mabasa edzimhosva dzakasiyana-siyana ndeyezvakanakira uye anowedzera kune huwandu hweshoko rinoshanda.

Pane chechina chechina chekutonga kweE EU?

Masayendisiti akawanda anopupura kuti mamiriro ezvimwe zvitunha muEuropean Union ane muhutano hwayo huwandu huzhinji hwezvinhu kunze kweavo huri muzvinyorwa zvemashoko ehurumende. Kusvika iye zvino, vatongi vakawanda vanofunga nezvehurumende yenyika yehurumende yenyika dzinobatanidzwa kuti ive chikamu chekutonga kweEU. Iyi nyaya inokakavadzana, sezvo pakati pemasimba eEuropean Union title ejoka hapana kuwirirana kwematare enyika.

Mhedziso

Saka, takakurukura pfungwa, maitiro uye masimba eDare reEuropean Union, izvo zvinopiwa nemabhuku ekuronga anobudiswa aya. Munyaya iyi inofanira kuonekwa kuti mabasa ehurumende yakamiririrwa yeUnited States, kunyange zvazvo yakarongedzwa uye inoshanda, ichiri kudikanwa zvimwe kuchinja uye kwemazuva ano.