Country pangozi uye nzira kwayo Kukoshesa

Kuwedzera ukama upfumi nzvimbo inoita kuti chidzoke zvayakaipira kuti vari kuri bhizimisi iri kune imwe nyika. Vanoita aifarira Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri hurumende ichiisa mari, ari pamusika isingazivikanwi vangasangana chisina kutsiga enyika hwechiFascist, uori, defaults nezvimwe nematambudziko zviitiko. All izvi zvinoita chokuita nyika ngozi.

tsananguro

Country pangozi - ndiro mungozi yokurasikirwa zvemari pakuvhiya iyo, mune imwe nzira kana mumwe zvakabatana mabasa dzakawanda. Zvinonzi pakutsvaga tichitarisa munyika kukura uye ukuru kunokanganisa avo vatengi, counterparties. Somuenzaniso, kurambidzwa akavhiyiwa pamwe yokumwe mari anogona kuguma kunonoka pakati mitoro. kutyisidzira Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya munyika umo kare avigira convertibility National mari.

akanyatsorongwa

Country pangozi vanosanganisira yenhengo zviviri: mano uye kuda kubhadhara. With wokutanga kunofambidzana yezvokutengeserana nezvinhu, uye wechipiri - hurumende enyika munyika. Financial mari kunogona panguva hurumende pamwero (mukana insolvency) uye panguva yakati kambani. Under wechipiri, zvinonzwisiswa kuti mune zvoupfumi mutemo State anogona kukutadzisa kuchinjwa guru. Political uye nyika ngozi zvinosanganisira mukana nazvo nokuda kwechirwere rwakashata kwokunze zvinhu zviri mubhizimisi mari yacho.

Nzira ongororo

Kuitira kuderedza mari nezvinhu, achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Analysis Kwaiitirwa pakarepo asati inivhesitimendi mari. Kana ngozi iri kumusoro, zvino basa racho yanonoka, kana kuti ukoshi akawedzera "bhonasi". Zvisinei, nzira nokuti dzinoongorora nyika ngozi anoshandiswa kare akanga drawback guru: ivo ijeke mashoko. Ndiani inonyanya kufarirwa nzira ndiye Delphi. Chaizvoizvo Its iri pakuti vaongorori okutanga kukura kwegadziriro zviratidzo, uye ipapo kukwezva penyanzvi kuona kurema nechimwe chinhu chimwe nyika. The Zvakashatira nzira iri subjectivity kuti vanofungidzira.

nzira ano

Country nengozi kuMadokero vakaongorora nzira yose scoring. Zviri quantitative kuenzanisa huru zvatariswa kunyika dzakasiyana uye kubviswa kwaizoita chinokosha indekisi, izvo anofunga ose nzira uye pokutanga mamiriro avo inivhesitimendi kukwezva. On nzira yakadaro inovakwa German Bheri indekisi. Rinoshandiswa rokuongorora mubhizimisi ekunze munyika 45 kwakavakirwa 15 zvinodiwa nedzimwe chaicho uremu. Mumwe chakarurama iri hurukuro Rating kubva 0 kusvika 4. epamusoro kuti mamakisi, dzakanga zvinogona mubereko investor.

Fortune uye The Economist vakaperekedza imwe kuongorora nyika ngozi muEastern neCentral Europe pasi itsanangudzo muitiro, umo kusimbisa uri vangangoramba pamusika kuchinja. Kukosha zvabuda pakutsvaga chokwadi kuti chinobudirira mubhizimisi kuti guta kunoenderana kusimba ari kuchinja munyika.

Portfolio vanoita vari kushandisa chaiyo chikwereti ratings pahwaro iyo anosarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chinhu nokuda upfumi. Pahwaro nzira yakataurwa nemagazini Europe, kaviri pagore, anoyera rakavimbika kwenyika.

zvinhu

Kutanga yakanaka mubhizimisi ekunze chinhu chinokosha chinodiwa kuti zvoupfumi kukura. Active guta inflows (somuenzaniso, Russia) kukanganiswa zvinhu zvakadai se:

1. Kushaya mudanga pamutemo framework.
2. Kukura mumagariro kusungika nokuda kuramba Kushatiswa zvokunyama ezvinhu vemo.
3. Separatist pfungwa, izvo zvinoitika mune dzimwe kumatunhu Russia.
4. Corruption mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
5. Murombo kwezvivako - zvikuru zvikurukuru chokufambisa, kutaura, foni, basa muhotera.

mhando

Country uye Regional njodzi anosanganisira kutyisidzira akadai:

1. Kutadza kuziva chikwereti kana yayo yemberi yokuzvigadzirisa.

2. Revision of chemhosva ezvinhu: akakweretesa achagamuchira mari shoma, nekuti akakwereta anenge vakakwanisa kuderedza prices. Kana contractual chikwereti refinancing pakutanga zvaizopedza kubudikidza Zvirango, nemigumisiro nokuti investor zvakafanana sokune vasiri muripo.

3. Kana rescheduling muzvikwereti kune zvinokwanisika nezvezviitiko zviviri:

• kukura kubhadhara iri chikuru chitsama chikamu kwakaderedza chikwereti zvichinzi kure;
• kana anokwereta anotsvaka kunonoka vachibhadhara, mwero hakuzochinji.

4. kuturika vachibhadhara kuti michina pezvikonzero kwenguva pfupi hunhu. The chikwereti anofanira kuva mubvunzo kuti mukwereti achazadzisa ayo mitoro. The chimbadzo hazvisi chete.

5. Currency nezvirambidzo, apo nyika haina vatorwa mari, kusangomanikidzira pokugumira anotamisa mari kunze kwenyika. Panguva mamiriro pamwero, kutyisidzira uyu rinochinjwa kuva pangozi kukundikana chikwereti basa.

Kukoshesa

Country pangozi shoma iri pakutsvaga goho kwehurumende zvisungo imwe nyika uye dzimwe chikwereti kune imwe nguva ukoshi. Kana Russia, simba kwokushanda kuchengetwa 1998. Ipapo ngozi kwakawedzera kupfuura shoma nokuti. Kureva, vanoita havana chete chamakashayiwa mashoko akavimbika, asi misika vakanga nezvezvakanaka ratings wamasangano hwenyika, izvo akarasikirwa kuchinja zvoupfumi uye enyika zvinhu. Wokutanga dambudziko zvakaitika mazuva mashoma asati Default muna 1998, uye pakarepo pashure pacho.

nyika pangozi pamwero kunokanganisa zvakasimba mabhanga, vane mabasa chokuita yokumwe mamiriro ezveupfumi zvakananga. On kutyisa kukanganiswa zvinoverengeka. All vanofanira kufungwa kana ongorora mamiriro neimwe nharaunda.

Russian nyika nengozi

Agency Moody aiva Investor Service kutura Rating yeRussian Federation kusvika dzokufungidzira. Kana Standard & Poor uye Fitch rokuongorora kugadzirira kubhadhara zvikwereti, mis anoona kukwana vachibhadhara iri chiitiko ane default vaGiriyedhi. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti pano kunaka kunyatsoongorora nokuda enyika zvikonzero. Maererano nesangano Zvaifungidzirwa, ari water drainage kuti guta mugore ano kuchaita kwakafanana bhiriyoni 272 emadhora, iyo GDP achadonha ne 8,5%, apo mitengo wakakurumidza 15%. Asi rezvemari vanoti Russian zvakanaka akambosanganawo simba kuvhunduka - 50 muzana kuderera mune mitengo mafuta. Uye nekuti nevaari nyika pangozi rudo vanokosha zvikuru. Akaunganidza reserves dzakawanda, idzo kupfuura chikwereti yenyika. Uyewo pane kuitika nhoroondo yemuraudzo. Izvi zvinobatsira sangano haana kufunga. Asi pfungwa dzakanga kuisa inobva chokwadi kuti Russia anogona kuwana zvirango zvitsva nokuda nezvimwewo kukura zviitiko muUkraine.

migumisiro

Tinyatsonzwisisa nyika nengozi, pane rumwe rutivi, zvakakwana. External misika guta nokuda Russia chaizvoizvo kuvharwa. vanodira kunokanganisa mari yokukwereta kuti nyika. Hazvina anenge nyarara. Asi nyanzvi vanonetseka kuti wakadaro pose Rating sangano kuti kumanikidza mari itangezve upfumi hwavo Russia. Uye kunyange pashure Kudzikamiswa zvinhu angangotadza nokukurumidza kudzokera guru kunyika. Kutyisidzirwa chechipiri ndechokuti Lenders zvichaita kukumbira mangwanani kudzikinurwa Eurobonds. vanodira zvikaverengwa nokuti mumusika muchimiro pfupi uye pasi kusvetuka ari dhora kuti chiratidzo 64 rubles.

The rwezvemabhengi chikamu akatamburawo

The vanodira zvakaita kuti kuderera of Moscow mari Kukwezva St. Petersburg uye 13 kumatunhu. Mambo Rating guru uye Leningrad nharaunda yakanga pachiyero "Ba1". Izvi kupfuura muna Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Belgorod uye dzimwe nharaunda. The Maonero anoramba akaipa nokuda kumatunhu aya. Uyewo, Russian nyika pangozi zvazvinoita nechikwereti masangano. Ratings refu deposits ose Sberbank uye VTB mu Rubles airarama "Baa3" uye "Ba1", uye mune dzimwe mari - kuti "Ba1" uye "Ba2" ane for yakaipa kuchinja. Chete mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchengetwa mu "Alfa-Bank", "Gazprombank" uye "Rosselkhozbank".

mhedziso

Country pangozi achiumbwa pachishandiswa vazhinji nechitarisiko uye munyika zvinoita kuti chokuita kukwezvana wehurumende uye inivhesitimendi. Kutyisidzira kwakadaro zvinowanzoitika kuti munzvimbo dziri kurambidzwa mari convertibility. Munyika idzi mune dzose mari, uye uchatamisa ngozi kukundikana mutsividzo chikwereti zvakakwana. Saka, asati bhizimisi pfuma zvakafanira kuti kuitisa anonyatsotsvaka Kuongorora kwokunze uye dzimwe zvinhu. Global Rating masangano pagore kuzivisa mutengo yavo mubhizimisi Kukwezva munyika.