Concept uye mhando zvisungo

The chisungo - ndiyo chinhu rakapa kuchengeteka, iyo, pamwe wevimbiso katsamba ane mudziyo chikwereti. Bondholder ake cashing anotarisira kugamuchira chiso kukosha pakati kuchengetedzeka uye kufarira vanobhadharwa mune dzimwe nguva. Zviri ichi chinowanikwa zvisungo: prolixity kubhadhara munguva, uye yakati zvakaoma kufungidzira kukosha chisungo.

Kazhinji, chisungo issuers zvibereko yokuchengeteka mhando iyi kushanda guta nokuda guta chikwereti. With oparesheni ichi mutengi uye akakweretesa zvisungo kwakafanana mutengi anotora ngozi emari kuti vari kufungwa pakuongorora. The kukurumbira kwaiita chikwereti nyore: bhizimisi muzvisungo chokuita yakaderera ngozi pane asingashumbi guta upfumi (bhizimisi mumatanda), saka kuti investor nyore overenga mari yako yemberi uye kuverenga mubereko nezvokudzivirirwa. Ngozi default, kunyange zvishoma, nguva dzose ikoko, uye rakarurama Kuongorora issuer wacho rakavimbika chiri kufungwa apo vanoongorora zvisungo. Bonds Kukoshesa dzinoshandiswa zvakafanana nemamwe kuchengetedzeka akadai mabhiri kana kuti maakaundi ake okubhengi (nzira mari uye kuenzaniswa mharidzo).

Chokutanga, kunodudzwa mari Rwako kufungisisa asiri simultaneity pamusoro kopani kubhadhara uye mari vakagamuchira anowedzerwa pamwe yose kopani mubereko, vakakanda chairo nguva. Nhamba iri kuwedzera ukoshi chisungo discounted panguva, kureva ukandirwe mudare nguva.

Kuwedzera issuers uye chisungo vatengi vane sei kubatsira pamusika mari seboka, nokuti anosika mamwe manyuko chikwereti mari, kuwedzera zvikwereti. Asi, panguva iyoyowo, vachiwedzera kuti issuers uye bhangi neanokweretesa kwema richengetwe ne zvikuru emura kuchengetedzeka kunogumawo nokurasikirwa guru zvemari.

Kana buritsa nyaya pfungwa uye mhando zvisungo, uyewo kunoda hwakadzama kuongorora richaitirwa zvisungo zviri zvemari pamusika kusarudza. Sezvo pane zvikuru yakawanda zvisungo zvakasiyana, ivo dzinoiswa akawanda chikonzero.

Zvichienderana ndiani okudenha kuchengetedzeka izvi, pane marudzi anotevera nezvisungo: hurumende, matunhu neminisiparati, chepamusoro, vatorwa. Nguva ichaitika yokusunungurwa musiyano wemarudzi aya kusungwa, zvisungo pamwe chaiyo Kukura musi uye pasina yakamisirwa izwi. Aimbova, akavapindurawo, zvinogona nganisa, medium- uye kwenguva refu. Boka rechipiri zvakawanda siyana: isingaperi zvisungo, callable (vanogona kutorwa kuguma rokuti pamberi), zvisungo nokukura zvakanaka, akawedzera uye kunonoka. Musiyano kwenguva uye kunonoka ndiko kuti wokutanga anogona kuwedzera kupedza okutambirwa pamusoro aizviti kukosha uye panguva imwe chete kuramba kugamuchira yechimbadzo kunonoka nyore unogona kufamba kana kumbomira musi muripo.

Types kusungwa wenhaka kuti: vakanyorwa kana mutakuri. Nekuti zvakafunga nechisungo nyaya yavari akakamurwa avo vanoshumira kuti refinance chikwereti pamusoro issuer uye idzo inoshandiswa mari vamwe inivhesitimendi muzvirongwa. Nokuti pekugara kureva: pachena uye nechisimba akaiswa. Pakazosvika nzira mutsividzo pamusoro ndima ukoshi: chimwe mubhadharo pamusoro kukura nguva yavaive, kupindirana nokuripira.

Types kusungwa kubudikidza hunhu kurapwa: non-convertible uye convertible. Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti: yakasimbiswa uye unsecured mari. Kubhadhara kopani goho zvisungo anogona kuva wakaiswa-zvazvingava, akayangarara kopani mwero ane noruvara kuwedzera kopani zvazvingava, shoma / razero coupon, kubhadhara-selection, uye pakupedzisira yakavhenganiswa mhando zvisungo.