Chikwereti mashoko. lexical nokukwereta

Chiitiko pamusoro chikwereti mazwi, izvo mashoko wawa mutauro mumwe kune mumwe uye dzakashandisa phonetic uye zvivakamutauro mitemo yayo - zvikuru dzinongoitika kwacho.

Pane mitauro umo zvikwereti zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, mutauro Korean, pane Chinese mashoko mazhinji. Uyewo, Chinese, mitauro Hungary vanowanzotevedzera yavo zvinoreva kuti kuumba mashoko matsva uye pfungwa. Asi hapana mutauro iyo kuti chikwereti mashoko hariko zvachose, nokuti hazvibviri patsanura artificially mumwe vanhu kubva neimwe, kukanganisa mashoko socio-enyika ukama, tsika nhaurirano, zveupfumi uye kutengeserana pamwe.

Munguva apo "keteni simbi" akaparadzaniswa maviri akasiyana mumagariro uye zvematongerwo enyika, kuti chikwereti mashoko Chirungu vanobva Russian chokuita muchadenga kudziongorora. Mushure pakuparurwa ane hazvizivi Earth Satellite European ose akava pachena Russian shoko "mwedzi." Uye haana kuva nguva Gorbachev kushandura shoko perestroika sechipiriso rokuvakazve - zvaiva zvakajeka kwayo inzwi yepakutanga.

Ngationei vanogara lexical nokukwereta. Ivo kupinda mumutauro kunyanya nenzira mbiri: kutukana uye bookish.

Akakwereta mashoko mavambo German: Skimmer (shaumloffel) Jack (daumkraft) sikuruwa kiramba (shraubtsvinge) nevamwe vakawanda akazviratidza mumutauro wokuRussia, pamwechete kwaita misha vokutanga German. Pane nhaurirano pakati pamarudzi mbiri, uye mashoko vakanga zvitange "kubvira nomuromo." Zvino mutambo aimbonetseka yakarurama, uye kurira shoko achinja. Saka Russian Mutauro paiva nemashoko vavatorwa mapinda nomumukanwa nzira.

Dzimwe nguva zvikwereti vari "kaviri", kureva sezvo anoreva zvakafanana. Shoko "domatisi" mumutauro wokuRussia anobva Latin America. In Italian inonzi miriwo zvirimwa pomodoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti "zvendarama apuro". Vose akakwereta Mashoko anoshandiswa mumutauro Russian sezvo anoreva zvakafanana.

Vazhinji chikwereti mashoko zvinosanganisirei mumwe kana mumwe bhuku nokuda mutauro vari rechiGiriki kana kuti chiLatin zvayo Mabviro. In kushandisa shoko "mberi", "chesekondari", "bumbiro", "kusununguka", hatidi kufunga dzakavapo. Ndosaka pane mitauro wosekwa yakadai: "Unotaura chiGiriki, iwe chete vasingazvizive.!"

Imwe nzira kukwereta mashoko yokumwe - yokuronda mapepa. Kusiyana yapfuura nzira yakananga nokukwereta, rinoshanda zvisina kunanga uye ndiyo chaiyo kopi mashoko vatorwa morphemes (kureva chinokosha zvikamu). Somuenzaniso: skyscraper - skyscraper (ne denga - "denga" + kwenga - "vadzime"), zvirevo zvizhinji - yokuronda kubva muchiGiriki - polysemy (Poly - "vazhinji" + sema - "ukoshi") (Chirungu.).

Kwakadaro mitauro izwi, sezvo nyaya, kopi kubva muchiLatin. Asi akasiyana yambotaurwa derivational kutadzisa, ichi yokuronda ari kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro, kuti chokuita zvinoreva shoko. Kasus (Lat nyaya.) - rinobva pachiito cadent - kuwa). Ancient Nyanzvi girama kuti nyaya akatsunga kuchinja chimiro shoko se "wotishandukira" kubva pasi.

Kana remakore rechi20 ndiro remakore nzvimbo ubanguranyika, remakore rechi21 - nenguva kukura rakapotsa nzvimbo. Amazing achikwakuka kukura zvigadzirwa kombiyuta pave chidzoke dzose mitauro mashoko Chirungu munyika.

Words yaainge Chirungu, enda kuburikidza muitiro mhando kuchinjira kumamiriro mutauro wokuRussia. Decorations semantics, vari dzakachinjwa phonetically uye nemitemo yomutauro.

Kana ukatora shoko se "Microsoft" ndiko zvakananga nokukwereta. Uye shoko "Borg" - yokuronda kukwana chibhende.

Verbs "juzat" (kushandiswa-kushandiswa), "chatitsya" (Chat-dzevakurukuri), "nekudzvanya" (baya-watinya) Zvinotora muchimiro Russian kuitika chokuti. Zvakakodzera kutaura kwaita akariposhera. Asi ichi ndicho chimwe kutanga mitauro.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati mashoko vavatorwa borrowings pane musiyano. Somuenzaniso, pane ano Romanian shoko "Securitate" - akachengeteka, asi pasinei ichi, vari kushandiswa zvakajairika Chirungu girama kuchengeteka pasina kuchinja. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri rakapinzwa imwe shoko nokukwereta harisi.