Chii renyeredzi ndiwo: mazita, noruzhinji. mazita enyeredzi

Kutarisa kudenga usiku somwana, tinoedza kunzwisisa chii vari zvinyamutanhatu. Tiri kuziva zita, anoumba munhu aine nyeredzi, asi kwete tsanangudzo yokuti "renyeredzi". Zvichakadai, kunyange sezvo vakuru, hatidi nguva dzose kunzwisisa chii chaizvoizvo chiri seri shoko iri nomuzikamwi.

fungidziro

A spaceship ichibhururuka muchadenga, haangatongooni kusvika chero aivapo mapatani zvokudenga. Chikonzero ichi ndechokuti nyeredzi shure zvinoita kuti isu, musi iwoyo mundege, chokwadi, wakaparadzaniswa nomumwe kazhinji pamusoro madaro marefu. Renyeredzi riri fungidziro ane yoga chigamba yokudenga bhora zvose nzvimbo zvinhu papi pacho.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Nepfungwa api enyeredzi vari, zvisingapindirani emakore akasiyana. Nhasi emit mifananidzo 88 yokudenga, asi hazvina nguva dzose. enyeredzi Ancient uye mazita avo streamlined uye rakarondedzerwa Ptolemy yake yakakurumbira bhuku "Almagest". Ake Pamazita zvaisanganisira 48 mifananidzo zvokudenga. Vose zvavo, kunze chete, vakachengeta zita ravo saka kure. A guru renyeredzi Argo (ngarava yacho Argonauts) yakanga dzakwidzwa rakakamurwa zvitatu zvidiki: Keel, Stern uye nechikepe. Pakutanga, nenhamba vokudenga, rinonzi nhasi vekare vakarondedzerwa emakore mana asati Ptolemy muna 245 BC. e. Akazviita uyewo chiGiriki - mudetembi Aratus.

By aifanira mukwanisi vane mazita akauya panguva Discoveries Great: segwapa pamepu nyeredzi havana kubatsira kufamba yakakura munyanza. Panoperera rechi16 vafambi remakore Frederick of Houtman uye Pieter Keyser akabatana mapatani zvakawanda zvomuchadenga 12 nyeredzi. Pakati pavo vaiva Chameleon, Phoenix, South Hydra. Dhazeni enyeredzi zvino kunogona kuwanikwa pamepu kumaodzanyemba hemisphere kudenga.

Muna 1613 Peter Plantsius vanoratidzwa pamusoro panyika dzakawanda mifananidzo yavo itsva yokudenga, uye muna 1624-m, nemhaka German muongorori wenyeredzi, chiremba uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu Jakob Bartsch, zvaishandiswa munyika yose nesayenzi. Nhasi pamusoro mepu dzokudenga vaviri vakasara chete vavo - Giraffe uye Unicorn.

The yokupedzisira inotungamirwa

List pamusoro enyeredzi pariri haana yapera. Yan Gevely muzana remakore rechi17 rave dzinounzwa mifananidzo akatisiyira nomwe (Sextant, Leo Minor, Lizard, Shield, Lynx, Chanterelle, tsvimbo Venatici). Munyaya inotevera, muzana remakore rechi18, mumwe Zvinoitwa, naNikorasi-Lui De Lacaille. Iye anofananidzirwa zvinyamutanhatu 17, ndakapedza paumbwe pamazita.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kugumisa nhoroondo zvinyamutanhatu mazita. Nhamba zvomuchadenga Ancient vakaedza kakawanda kuti rename, kutsiva vanamwari vechiGiriki uye magamba yavatsvene yechiKristu. Dzimwe nguva vanoda kuona kubwinya Olympians achitonga vanhu uye vatungamiriri vehondo. Zvisinei, kuedza zvose izvi havana kubudirira.

miganhu

Pakazopera muzana remakore rechi18 pakupedzisira akasimbisa kunzwisisa ano chii vari zvinyamutanhatu. Mazita mifananidzo yokudenga sezvo zvakawanda kana zvishoma kusimbiswa. Chasara kuona miganhu.

Nhasi, pasi renyeredzi kunzwisisa kwete chimwe chiedza, nokusika munhu kucherechedzwa siluetti. Unosanganisira ose "nharaunda" pedyo nyeredzi izvi. Enyeredzi dzakaparadzaniswa miganhu, kubvumirwa muna 1935 pashure refu kubatsirana akakurumbira nyanzvi dzinoverengeka.

enderera chitsungo

On renyeredzi mepu vakanga zvimwe wakaiswa, asi kana iwe tarisa nyeredzi dzose usiku, zviri nyore kuona kuti nhamba yokudenga tichingotarisira uchifamba. Vamwe vanhu vari kutamira kumativi nevakawanda pakati, apo vamwe tsanangura chinhu chakakombama uye inonyangarika seri jengachenga. Kuchinja munzvimbo rakashevedzwa diurnal kutenderera. Kana Muoni riri kuNorthern Hemisphere uye rakatarira kurutivi rwezasi, nyeredzi kwaari kuchaita ari Kutenderera divi, achifumira kumabvazuva uye yanyangarika kumadokero. Yakakwirira sezvinobvira enyeredzi hwokukurira kumaodzanyemba jengachenga. Kana tikachengeta kufamba kwenyeredzi, akatarisa kumusoro, mufananidzo siyanei. Part chechiedza asingadi kuenda mhiri mujengachenga, uye anorondedzera denderedzwa mudenga. centre rayo rinonzi rwokumusoro danda wenyika yose. Riri pedyo North Star.

Panyaya iyi, zvakafanana inopenya pfungwa dzose richibuda uye anogara pasi panzvimbo chaiyo, kusiyana zuva nomwedzi, zuva kusvika parinonyura nzvimbo izvo misha rimwe zuva. Pasi kwomwedzi uye nyamasase "kufamba" kubvira mumwe renyeredzi kune mumwe. Saka, vakanga "ashanyire" mifananidzo yokudenga gumi. Zuva rinopfuura nzira yayo yose gore, uye Moon - muna 27 ane zuva diki. Kugamuchira "musha" vanotora nyamasase mumwe gumi mwedzi, kumusoro zodiacal denderedzwa.

mbiru nyeredzi

Zvichida, vose anoziva dzokudenga ikoko. Zvinofadza kuti muenzaniso yokudenga, iyo zuva imwe mwedzi, nguva dzose chakavanzika kubva Fafitera, uye pane mitanhatu chete pemwedzi.

Zviratidzo Zodiac aizivikanwa vanhu kwenguva refu. Mamwe mazita avo yakarira kuMesopotamia, paucheche rimwe wokutanga dzomunyika achiri. Shoko "Zodiac" echiGiriki mavambo: zodiakos anoshandura se "mhuka." Gumi enyeredzi kuwana zita ravo kubva chokwadi kuti vakawanda vavo kutarira semhuka.

Zodiac anofukidza kwete chete muchadenga chemwedzi, asiwo vose mapuraneti ose renzou. It riri necheparutivi kune zvomuchadenga neequator uye intersects vaviri pfungwa chaienzanirana Vernal uye yechando equinoxes.

zvomuchadenga danda

Pane dzakasiyana kupindura mubvunzo, ndedzipi zvinyamutanhatu. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi kwavo nokutsunga zvakagadzira rinokosha nyika Coordinates. Isu kare akataura North Pole wenyika. Zviri nyore kufunga kuti pane South akanongedza renyeredzi of Southern Cross. Uye riripiko danda uye neequator ikoko. Munyaya rinoronga ezvinhu, yakavakwa mudenga, pane declination (Latitude, daro neequator), uye zvakanaka kudenga (longitude).

Equator ichipfuura dzimwe enyeredzi: nedzeOrinoni, Pisces, Keith, Taurus, Eridan, Sextant Eagle, Unicorn, Hydra, Schlangenträger, Small imbwa, Leo, Aquarius, yeNyoka. The peculiarity pamusoro nhamba yokudenga izvi anowanikwa vachiongorora anenge pose. Izvi zvinogoneka nokuda nzvimbo zvinyamutanhatu.

North

Kune classifications inoverengeka supplementing kunzwisisa kwedu nezvezvinoitika renyeredzi. inofananidza zvose zvomuchadenga vanokamurwa kupinda kungova Northern kana Southern hemisphere kudenga.

List pakati zvinyamutanhatu Northern Hemisphere inosanganisira mifananidzo matatu Gemini, yechinguva uye Cancer. Naivowo inosanganisira vanodhirowa vokudenga mhuka: Big uye Little Dipper, Dolphin, zibukanana, twiza, tsvimbo Venatici, Swan, Chanterelle, Little Bhiza uye Little Lion, Lynx uye Lizard. Pakati zvinyamutanhatu kuchamhembe hemisphere, varipo zita vatambi vari mungano dzekare: chaanoziva Berenices, Andromeda, Cepheus, naPerseus, Pegasus, Hercules, Cassiopeia, Bootes, uye anoratidza zvinhu: Lira, Sextant, Arrow, Triangle.

Kune rimwe divi Earth

Zvino ngationei kuti mapoka enyeredzi zviri kuonekwa kuti Muoni kumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Vazhinji nhamba yokudenga vanonzi pashure zvinhu zvisina upenyu uye avo zvikamu: aritari, chinongedzo, zvokudya, Kiel, maikorosikopu, Bowl, Norma, Octant, Telescope, pombi, wemiti, nechikepe, choto, afoot, kambasi, wachi, Shield, Southern Crown, Southern Cross uye Southern Triangle. Kubva kwezviratidzo zvenyeredzi kumaodzanyemba enyeredzi vari Capricorn, Scorpio uye Sagittarius. Of vengano pano ndiyo chete Phoenix uye Cepheus, asi pane vemifananidzo (muvezi uye painter) uye mumiririri wemarudzi (Native American), uyewo pachake chishamiso zvakasikwa (Mensa). Vazhinji pano uye mhuka: Big Dog, Crow, Njiva, Wolf, Nendege, Gold uye South Fish, Crane, Rabbit, Bird Paradhiso, Peacock, Fly, Toucan, Chameleon, South Hydra.

Winter uye chirimo

At mhinduro iyi kusarudza mubvunzo, chii renyeredzi, kwete vaneta. Imwe nhungamiro kupatsanura - gore umo muenzaniso vokudenga yakanakisisa kuchengetwa. Pashure pezvose, zhizha, chando, chitubu uye kwematsutso pamusoro musoro wake atonge mifananidzo yakasiyana.

Muna June, July uye August denga munoshongedza renyeredzi Cygnus, Lyra uye Eagle, pfungwa yakajeka iyo vanoumba asterism Summer Triangle. nguva ino yegore iri iripo kuchengeta Bootes, Corona Borealis, kambasi, Hercules uye dzimwe nemifananidzo yokudenga shoma.

In yechando, hapana nzvimbo shoma yakanaka pamusoro musoro kupfuura muzhizha. Manheru pedyo rinowanika renyeredzi Orion. Its nyore kuwana matatu Dots inopenya yabuda pamusara. asterism ichi Orion kuti Belt. Below uye zvishoma kurudyi ndiye Rigel, dzepamusorosoro nyeredzi ichi zvomuchadenga nhamba. Kana bhandi iri mberi kuruboshwe uye pasi, ipapo mutsetse achakurumidza abuts ari Sirius Alpha Canis Major uye chakajeka nyeredzi yose denga. Nezviduku imbwa anoshandawo enyeredzi muchando. Panguva imwe mugumo mutsetse nomunyika Orion bhandi abuts pamusoro Aldebaran chokuita Taurus.

In matsutso yomunakamwe

Kupera zhizha pamwe nokuchinja huru enyeredzi dzokudenga. Zvino, zvakanaka kuva inooneka Fish, Cassiopeia uye Andromeda. Kunyange zvazvo Nokupenya muduku kuna Orion uye Swan, ivo munoshongedza denga hakuna kuipa uye vari zvakare akakodzera kuteererwa.

Spring headroom iri yakavhenekerwa nyeredzi Big Dipper, Leo, Virgo, Bootes. Chokwadi, havana kuoneka, uye pane dzimwe nguva, asi chitubu - nguva "ushe" dzavo mudenga.

Main enyeredzi uye mazita enyeredzi zvizivikanwe nesu kubva kare. Kubvira ipapo, avo mazita akanga vaisanganisa uye dzakachinjwa. List of 88 mifananidzo yokudenga - mhinduro dzoga kuti mubvunzo, ndedzipi zvinyamutanhatu. mazita avo vanopa pfungwa panguva chitarisiko akatisiyira manhamba aya mudenga mepu. Saka, vanenge vose vengano richipenya munguva weGirisi yekare uye Roma. Vazhinji zvatinosiita mhuka kuti murume ano, uyewo silhouettes romubati unhu uye siyana mano - mugumisiro rethinking nyeredzi mepu iri 17-18 emakore fung. Search enyeredzi hwezvekukurukurirana ukama hwavo zvomuchadenga neequator uye matanda zvenyika.