Mumwe chinhu anokwanisa wezvamatongerwe nyore fuma riri akasununguka mamiriro. In mamiriro ichi, sangano kwemaatomu ndiwo chete, ivo zvakafanana, ichibata. Munyaya dzakaoma kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinhu zvakawanda kuoma. Makemikari zvisungo iyi, asymmetric, mamorekuru dzakaoma kunzwisisa yeimwe vakaumba covalent zvisungo.
Chii chinorehwa oxidation
Pane yeimwe yakadaro umo maerekitironi vari vanoiswa anoparadzirwa sezvinobvira, i.e. munguva paumbwe kunzwisisa zvinhu Valence maerekitironi vanotamira kubva atomu kuti atomu. Ndicho ichi gogonera kuparadzirwa kunzwisisa zvinhu anonzi oxidation kana oxidation. Akaumba pamwe nokuchengeta imwe atomu mune morekuru yainzi mwero oxidation ose okunze. Zvichienderana ari Erekitironi kuchinjirwa kubva atomu okusiyanisa munhu asina kana zvakanaka dhigirii. Muzviitiko kudzoka kusarudza chinhu atomu maerekitironi akawanda vanowanika azvaitwa akanaka uye kunaka oxidation hurumende zvine maatomu akafanana (E E + kana -). Somuenzaniso, mumwe rekodhi K zvinoreva potassium atomu anotumira mumwe Erekitironi. Chero Organic remubatanidzwa nechepakati uitore kabhoni maatomu. The valency yacho chinhu anoenderana 4-M chero remubatanidzwa, asi muzvinhu zvakasiyana kabhoni yeimwe nyika oxidation dhigirii zvichava zvakasiyana, zvichaita akaenzana -2, +2, ± 4. hunhu iyi zvakasiyana Valence tsika uye ukuru oxidation iri kuchengetwa chero rwakashodoka.
Pakusarudza ukuru oxidation
Kuziva mwero oxidation, zvakafanira kuziva chinokosha postulates. Metals havagoni kuva kubvisa dhigirii, asi pane mashoma kunze apo simbi anoumba remubatanidzwa pamwe simbi. In periodic hurongwa boka nhamba kwemaatomu rinoenderana soro zvichibvira oxidation wehurumende: kabhoni, okisijeni, sehydrogen, uye mumwe nhengo. Electronegative atomu pamwe misha kune mumwe atomu Erekitironi anogamuchira nokuchengeta -1, -2, etc. maerekitironi maviri Kutonga uku hakusi kushanda nokuda chete maatomu. Somuenzaniso, kukurukurirana HH zvichaita akaenzana 0. Communication C-H = -1. The mwero oxidation zviri kabhoni iri C-D = + 2. Mumwe chete kukosha zvacho ndiwo mapoka periodic emuviri uye fluoro (-1) rokutanga uye rechipiri. Panguva iyi pamwero rehydrogen mune zvinenge yeimwe zvose zviri +1 kunze hydrides pazviri -1. Nokuti zvinhu kuva asiri kugara papi, zvinokwanisika kuverenga, achiziva nzira akakura. Ushe inokosha, iyo inotaura kuti Verengai madhigirii chero morekuru 0.
Muenzaniso pakuverenga ukuru oxidation
Funga kuverenga pamusoro mwero oxidation kuti kabhoni iri Muenzaniso CH3CL akakura. Tora Muongororo yekutanga date: ukuru rehydrogen riri +1, y -1 kuiisa chlorine. Zvivanakire, tichatema kufunga X pakuverenga ukuru oxidation kuti kabhoni. Zvadaro, nokuti CH3CL kuchaitika mukana wokuti vanhu vanga X + 3 * (+ 1) + (- 1) = 0. Achiita nyore svomhu kushandiswa, zvinganzi tsunga kuti ukuru oxidation kuti kabhoni achava +2. nzira iyi unogona kuita Masvomhu nechimwe chinhu ari kunzwisisa akakura.