Chii pamusoro kuomesa hwendarira? Sei kushandisa pamusoro nokuomesa?

Art kupisa mabatiro nesimbi yaizivikanwa vanhu kwenguva refu. Ndivo vanatenzi mubasa gadzira zvekushandisa uye nezvombo zvikurukuru, vakatora dzavo kana vaidzidziswa kwemakore dzimwe nyanzvi, ruzivo. Zvakavanzika zvakavanzika, izvo, chokwadi, zvinoderedza mwero diffusion ruzivo, asi anowedzera kuti makwikwi imwe mugadziri wacho chigadzirwa chaicho kushandiswa. Mumwe nzira Ages armourers yaiva pamusoro nokuomesa, aunopiwa rokutema micheto uye unopinza minondo sabers chaiyo zvakaoma, pamwe chete Kuchinja chipande. Nhasi zvivako izvi chinhu chitsva, mabikirwo akava kwakapararira akawana zvayo kufamba kweropa.

Nokuti chii zviri zvose kuziva paavhareji munhu?

Ino nyanzvi mune chafariz simbi sokuti, chine platitudes uye vanozivikanwa chokwadi. Mukuwedzera, vawane zvimwe kusabvumirana ari mazwi. Mashoko haina arongera pavo, zviri achitaurirwa vanhu, kure indasitiri, amateurs vanofarira vari musiyano pasimba reza yakanaka nguva dzose tafura kana banga Kumbofungatira, pose nokuomesa bhuku uye nenyaya dzakafanana. Kutenga rimwe kana rimwe kurudyi mumba chinhu, mutengi akatarisana chinokosha mutengo musiyano. The mutengesi havangagoni nounyanzvi uye zvakajeka kuti nei mumwe mudziyo (a chipanera, somuenzaniso) zvakawanda zvinodhura pane vamwe kana zvachose kwokunze kufanana. Anowanzoti kuedza "kutsausa uropi" zvisinganzwisisiki kune munhuwo zvake mumugwagwa pfungwa uye mazwi. Akashandurirwa zvavo mutauro, tsanangudzo izvi zvingareva kuti chipanera yavhunika kana kuchapedza refu hatingarevi arodzwe yakawanda nezvahwo (kana mutengi achida kutenga banga). "Surface kuomesa!" - zvinoshamisa anoratidza mhaka mutengesi achifinyamisa meso ake yokufungidzira rinofadza. Chii?

The anorwisana ehupfumi mune imwe chigadzirwa

Sezvo zviri pachena kubva Mashoko pakupisa kurapwa kana ichi pasi chete nhete chokunze paiva nyaya. Chokwadi chokuti simbi inoda nokuomesa, vaguely zvokufungidzira zvose, kunyange avo sei vasina kuziva chii. Ndizvo rakasiyana zvatinosiita "chidimbu chesimbi", nyoro uye haungatani kuputsika. Asi nei vakadaro rukudzo anofarira izvozvo pachena? Tempering rinoshandiswa kushandura ehupfumi ari simbi, kwete nokuda kwevamwe kuvandudzika, sezvazvakanyorwa akazivisa kakawanda. Quality, anobatsira mune zvimwe zviitiko, anova zvinokuvadza vamwe. File zvakaoma, nekuti zviri nyore kuti ironge simbi, aruminiyamu kana ndarira, asi kana ukaedza Vanokunga nayo, kana akarova naro nenyundo, zvichava kutsemuka. Izvi zvinoshandawo jeko chipande, kazhinji Anoparadza panguva isiri angled vakatongoparadzwa. Kuti ape noukukutu pamwe mukana wokushandiswa uye plasticity vakashandisa pemvura nokuomesa. Mushure chigadzirwa ehupfumi anogona chokubatanidza quality, dzimwe nguva zvakasiyana hunhu zvakasiyana sekristaro zvivako. Zvino tinofanira yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nezvokuzadziswa vamwe zvinhu nesayenzi.

Nyore yokuti polymorphism simbi

The chete simbi anogona, zvichienderana Maumbirwe sekristaro yekamuri, nhaka panyama ehupfumi siyana (zvakaoma, kusimba, ductility, mukana wokushandiswa, elasticity uye t. D.) Kukwanisa uku kuchinja parameters zvemaziso inonzi polymorphism. Karekare, mukugadzira chinyakare mimwe zvombo, vanhu vakaona kuti mumwe kana vamwe munondo kana cutlass akatendeuka zvakanaka, iye anoramba hasha refu uye kwete kuputsa. Chokwadi, madzibaba edu havana kuziva samolecular nemamiriro simbi, vasati vaenda zvose intuitively uye empirically. Saka, empirically, vakaona kuti kana pfungwa kupisa, sokupenya ruvara kunoenderana tembiricha wayo. With kufambira kutonhora zviri simbi iri kuchinja, zviri kuramba zvakasimba, kana anowana kunzwisisa. Kana Re-neshungu, zvinova ndizvo zvakare, sezvo akanga, uye dzimwe nguva kuipa. By iyoyo akaumba pfungwa chaizvo zvakananga pamusoro chii chinofanira Somuenzaniso, wakakwana kuvhima banga. Pamusoro nokuomesa unoshandiswawo kare, asi kakawanda akashandisa inonzi yemunyika, ndiko, vakadai umo rakasimba akanga kutema unopinza, kusanduka - pakati chipande, uye chipasa mugove yakabatana mubato - mapurasitiki (zviri nane kuti atsaudzire zvishoma, asi haadimbuki).

Chii chinoitika mukati

Pasina vachipinda chaizvo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakaomesa simbi mamiriro ane mhando nhatu huru: martensitic, troostite uye sorbitol. Nhamba idzi sekristaro zvivako uye vari kubatsirwa zvemaziso maitiro. Muchiitiko chino, hazvina basa izvo pakati pavo uye kuti sei pokuoma. Mugumisiro zvinoenderana sei simbi unodziyirwa, uye sei nokukurumidza iri haachandidi. Saka, pamusoro nokuomesa kunogona kuitika kana kukwidza tembiricha rokumusoro rukoko kwaizotevera kutonhora kana matambudziko nechitarisiko kupisa svikiro (mvura, kazhinji mafuta, mvura uye brine, mhepo kana zvimwe yomuchipatara) kana zvayo rushoma kurega kupinda chigadzirwa. Saka polymorphic transformations rwakavapo akaturikidzana, zvichienderana mwero kubudirira pakati tembiricha dzinonetsa, kukanganisa kuumbwa itsva crystalline mamiriro.

Somugumisiro, pane kuchinja muzvinhu zvinotevera:

- Upper, kwave kuchiita kuomesa.

- zvenguva, zvishoma mukukutu. It Anonziwo kupisa sei mapazi.

- Area neb pokuoma.

- The menzvimbo havana kuchinja.

Nzira dzekufambisa pamusoro nokuomesa

Uvhure chapamusoro ane mukuru zvakaoma, nenzira dzakawanda. Railway ngoro pamwe matsime emvura chete vanogumurwa diki simbi balls (bara), ndinosika chisimbiso pamusoro, pamwe yomukati Vhoriyamu simbi iri zvakakwana ductile kukurira refu zvokuimba mupfungwa. Zvinonzi yakakurukura nzira kupfuura yekare nokukurumidza muchidziisa nyaya pamusoro ane moto rakavhurika, achiperekedzwa spraying kana ndege chokubuda. Zvakakunakirai kuti zvigadzirwa izvi akaita zvetsika wokumabvazuva munyonga pakati chipande (KARAMBIT). Pamusoro nokuomesa anogona kuitwa uye zvakasimba kutonhora. Uyewo kuvazivisa vari gasi-plasma, induction, Laser, uye dzimwe nzira. Vamwe vavo vanosarudza kuramba zvizere.

HDTV

Pakati pezana 30-ies musayendisiti Soviet VP Vologdin tega nzira pakubudiririsa zvakafanorongwa gogonera-pedyo mashoko ari samolecular mamiriro uchishandisa mukuru-maitikiro dzenzvimbo. Zvokuimba ouinjiniya iri kukura nokukurumidza, kuti bhizimisi aida michina inonzi vakawanda kugadzirwa pasina kubayira unhu. Pamusoro koukukutu HD inobva chinonakidza kuti induction. The peculiarity nezvenzira kunoratidzwa kuva huru rukoko ukobvu zvichienderana kakawanda uye kwakakura magetsi ari zvichiratidza pamatanda. Kana ichi mugumisiro zvikuru zvichida kutarisira, saka, unhu havazvirambidzi nyore kwazvo. Mukuwedzera, nzira iri kushandiswawo pakurapa uchitikurudzira zvinhu zvinoriumba, zvakadai crankshafts uye nezvimwe zvinhu guru kuti zvingaonekwa kuzununguswa kubudikidza inductor, sequentially achifumura yose kureba. In ruzivo urwu, zvakaoma kusarudza parameters kuti ribude diki uye sandara zvinhu, zvakadai somunhu banga. Pamusoro kuomesa mukuru-kakawanda ano kushandiswawo zvigadzirwa nekaupenyu kura, simba uye vanopfeka nemishonga iyo kunobva zvemaziso ehupfumi rokunze rukoko.

Zvakakurukurwa pokushandisa nzira HDTV

Nzira yakazokudziridzwa iri kukurumidza kukura okugadzira indasitiri, dambudziko guru nokuda kwokudzivirira zvinogona of USSR, yaiva kuratidzwa chaizvo kuti chikumbiro chacho. Anokosha Mashoko nematarakita anofamba, matangi, motokari kana ndege vane kukura kuti hatibvumiri kuti kuaisa chakafanana pakati tsindirana inductor, mukugadzira midziyo nomumwe wavo kwaidhura zvakare, uye kana zvoitwa inobva pakukura saizi, simba mutengo anova kwazvo. Zvisinei, induction pemvura nokuomesa rinoshandisirwa zvigadzirwa zvose, kubva zviduku kune makuru. Somuenzaniso, ari rachulis kupesvedzera yakakwirira Frequency sequentially pakona "zino nezino. ' Ndichifunda successively zvakafadza zvinhu crankshafts uye driveshafts, kutamira mukati yakatarwa puranga riri inductor, sezvamakaropafadzwa kutonhora (sprayer) rwuripowo kupinda muitiro pakarepo pashure pacho. The chinouraya raiva pedyo nebundu marongero rinoitwa pakarepo kudiridza mvura splashes workpiece (richizonzi, nzvanyira ane "pfapfaidzo").

Asi zvinhu duku pamusoro kuomesa muNzvimbo inductor zvakakwana uye haachandidi pamwe.

Laser

mudziyo iri kushandiswa nevakawanda muminda mabasa evanhu siyana, uye rave kushandiswa rwekushanda nesimbi. Nzira hakurevi anotyisa, sezvo matambudziko danda uye kwekanguva zvinokanganisawo pamusoro okumusoro paiva zvesimbi, achiita zvandinenge zvachinja sekristaro mamiriro. "Laser Sharpening" zviri pasina chikonzero kupa refu wisecrack nokuveza mudziyo (zvikurukuru navo uye vakashandisa), kana kugadzirwa riri here kuiswa nzira iyi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti munguva yedu chokunyepera chitaridzi pamusoro chigadzirwa Hazviwanzovi dzinoenderana chokwadi. Dzimwe nguva kunongedza yakadaro yakashongedzwa uye vakatengesa mumwe mugwagwa kungomira pakati pokushanda kwayo zvimwe zvakachipa nozh- "shavishavi". Pamusoro nokuomesa nokuda Laser danda - kwete chisingakoshi zvigadzirwa, zviri kuwanika chete achitungamirira Vagadziri zvokushandisa.

chando

Hwaro nzira chaiko yakanga yawanikwa Chiitiko kuwedzera kuhukukutu hwemwoyo simbi somugumisiro kuchinjwa austenite mamiriro kuti martensite pakadzika Ndinoda. Pave pemvura nokuomesa nzira yakadaro yakatanga A. P. Gulyaevym, N. A. Minkevichem uye S. Sternberg muna USSR. Zviri kushandiswawo kabhoni (ine dzinopfuura 0.5 muzana C) uye Stainless simbi unokudzwa, akadai anogadzirwa kuti pagadzirwe mukuru-nokukurumidza nokuveza maturusi nezvimwe chaiwo Ezvemutauro zvigadzirwa.

yemagetsi kudziyisa

Kazhinji, rinenge yakavakirwa pamusoro ichocho sezvo induction nokuomesa, pamwe musiyano chete ari kuti kudziyisa resistor unoitwa tichiregeredza kupfuura guru kuitika tsika uye nemishonga zvinoriumba. The kakawanda Zvakarurama voltage zvakafanana kunokanganisa kudzika zvakaturikidzaniswa kuitwa neshungu, uye akakwirira zviri, ndipo zviri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose. The pemvura pokuoma anogona yakawedzera kubva chikamu chimwe millimeter mishoma vezvikwata ayo. It zvinoenderana zvinodiwa chigadzirwa uye ukuru hwaro. Tichienzanisa nzira electrically resistive HDTV kubva rakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo, tembiricha yakadzika akaturikidzana. With rinogona yakabereka Somuenzaniso, ndiko saka hombe uye kunoda rinokosha unhu chinhu chakafanana murwi bhayoneti. Pamusoro kuomesa yemagetsi kudziyisa zvinoda yemazuva ano calibrated kutonhora mashandiro ari mafuta, mvura kana zvimwe teploprinimayuschih nevamiririri.

zvakawanikwa

Saka, munhu chikuru chinhu pamusoro nokuomesa hwakadaro kuparadzira sekristaro mamiriro mukati nyaya, sezvamakaropafadzwa mukati vari kwemarudzi troostite kana sorbitol, uye kunze rukoko aumbwa martensite. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nzira dzakawanda, kubva nyore chaizvo vekare zvikuru yemazuva ano akura uye ano. Chero zvazvingava achiomesa simbi unhu zvinoda mukuru unyanzvi uye kururama pokuita nemitemo maindasitiri. The chigadzirwa iri kugadzirwa maererano nemitemo, haagoni kuva chisingakoshi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina anodhura uye kicheni banga yakanaka, uye KARAMBIT. Pose nokuomesa of Laser danda riri Inonyanya chete achicheka maturusi.