Chii faibha? Types uye kwakatangira

Pfungwa izvo faibha rokutanga, tinowana shure kuchikoro Biology zvidzidzo. Mupfungwa yakakura, achitaura mamwemazwi zvisikwa panyaya kunyanya pfungwa iri kirasi kuti nezvinhu rinoumbwa filaments kana masero.

Muscle faibha - ari STRUCTURAL chairema tsandanyama rinenge inova multi-makirisito sero, chine vakawanda mamwe masero kuti kuva chirimwa, mhuka, chicherwa kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa mavambo.

Pakutanga kubva Old kwechiSlavonic

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "faibha" anobatana Old kwechiSlavonic "vlakno". Shoko iri iripo vemazuva Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, wokuSerbia. With zvishomanana phonetic musiyano unowanikwa Polish - wlOkno. Pane kufanana pfungwa yekare Indian: valkas, zvinoreva "kuhukura".

Mumutauro Russian iri lexical chikwata yachinja somugumisiro nzvanyira: Olo-LA. Sezvo "faibha" - duramazwi shoko, ayo chiperengo kurangarira.

Kuti tiwane pfungwa chii faibha sezvo zvinhu kupatsanura, tikanyatsoongorora maonero avo.

Cotton uye bast

Fibers kuti miriwo mavambo zvinosanganisira donje uye bast. Mutete neshinda zvinenge zvakazara mbeu donje. Zvinosanganisira kazhinji (94%) kubva cellulose, vasara ari mvura, pectin, mafuta, waxy, dota zvinhu (chicherwa zvokudya zvinhu zvakatorwa kubva muvhu nokuda chirimwa).

Kuti tinzwisise zviri yakatangira donje faibha, zvinokwanisika, dzakurukurwa nemaikorosikopu. Tichaona munhu sandara yakazvimoneredza Ribbon pamwe tubules akazara mumhepo.

pemavara ava hygroscopic, kupisa nemishonga, vane yakakwirira mukurumari panyaya alkalis. Kana donje kupisa, izvozvo yakafunga yezvipiriso mapepa.

Kune akaipa unhu zvinosanganisira pasi elasticity uye kusagadzikana kuna acids.

Bast fibers vakawana kubva neshinda hunde. Ivo elongated pakureba masero rwakavakwa miromo. In muchinjikwa-chikamu vane chimiro nePentagon. A mukuru chikamu muzana sezvamunoita - cellulose (80%) uye pauwandu hweavo asara mumusungo mafuta, coloring, waxy chicherwa marara uye lignin. Kuvapo lignin Kunopa zvakawedzera simba. Mukuru chafariz conductivity inoita yakapfava ndiyo nguva dzose inotonhora kuti ikabatwa.

Fibers mhuka mavambo

Mbudzi, makwai, ngamera, uye nezvimwe bvudzi uye zviwanikwa sirika fibers imhuka, zvinosanganisira matatu akaturikidzana: rokunze flake, chikuru cortical rukoko uye chinoumba, riri mu pakati filament.

Kune 4 mhando dzemakwai fibers:

• crimped dzakaonda - Zvinhu Zvisina Basa;
• zvenguva bvudzi - muchinjikwa pakati musana uye pasi;
• kwasharara uye shoma crimped - muzongoza;
• pfupi-pfava faibha - akafa bvudzi.

Zvichienderana mhando uye nemhando thread kusiyanisa shinda kubva mutete, iro rinoshandiswa kuita yepamusoro shinda zvigadzirwa, kuti zvinonyadzisa, kushandiswa kugadzira jira uye akanzwa. Shinda anokwanisa varambe kupisa uye hygroscopic. Kana zvikaonekwa unopfuta munhuhwi zvipiriso minhenga.

Nyore dzinongoitika fibers - sirika. Get kubva nhumbana kuti silkworm nehonye.

Two mapuroteni - fibroin uye sericin - tiri chikamu nhumbana shinda. Natural sirika yokusafa softness, kumeso, mukuru hygroscopicity, pasi creasing. Payakaipira marefu yakakoswa mutsvuku shrinkage uye vakaderera kupisa nemishonga. Silk inokosha mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa nguo chiedza chirimo.

chakaita zvokugadzirwa mutsvuku

Chii faibha chakaita zvokugadzirwa mavambo, zvinogona kunzwisiswa nokuongorora hunhu hwavo. Ivo anobudiswa nemakemikari kwetunhu kubva monomers, i.e. pasi samolecular uremu zvinhu. Izvi unobereka chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers. Yakatsvuka mashoko zvinhu zvenaironi, Dacron, acrylic, crimplene, sirika acetate muri zvigadzirwa kubva kubudiswa marasha, mafuta uye gasi. Zvisinei, izvi faibha pemavara ive simba mukuru, pasi shrinkage uye kuunyana, havasi hygroscopic.

A-siyana polymer zvivako, mukana kuti siyana navo, uyewo Kuwanikwa mbishi zvinhu ndivo incentives kuti kukura chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers kugadzirwa.

mushonga fibers

Vari yaunganidzwa processing akadaro chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu zvakadai polyamides, polyesters uye zviwanikwa zvokuvakisa: cellulose, mapuroteni, casein, uye vamwe. Yakatsvuka mashoko fibers awa donje matongo, nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana, girazi, mafuta zvigadzirwa, marasha.

Rayon ndeimwe fibers kwemakemikari kupi rokutanga, akagamuchira pamwero maindasitiri kugadzirwa. It inotengwa nokubata huni pulp pachishandiswa makemikari.

Chimwe chikuru zvazvakashatira viscose faibha chinhu yakakwirira creasing. Kuderedza unhu uhwu zviri pasi makemikari nadzurudzo. Zvinoguma polynosic faibha, akafanana refu sadza donje.