Chii chinonzi cabinet kuti curiosities? Description, nhoroondo uye modernity

"Uchava muSt Petersburg, iva nechokwadi kuti kushanyira Kunstkammer!" - rokuonekana shoko anowana dzinenge ose nzvimbo, muenzi kuchamhembe guru. Chii chinonzi cabinet kuti curiosities? Vazhinji ishoko chokuita chinhu chinoshamisa, isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinoshamisa. Yozodzokera kubva pamazuva akare, chinhu kure kure ...

Nyaya akatsanangura zvose zvinotaurwa curiosities, nhoroondo yacho zvisikwa uye kuitika.

pfungwa

Pane ngano kuti Peter I apo achifamba Vasilyevsky chitsuwa akaona vaviri zvinoshamisa nemipaini: davi rimwe sezvineiwo zvakatooma kutsanangura dzakamera kuburikidza hunde mamwe. Izvi muenzaniso kujairika vakarangarira kuororwa Emperor. Akafunga pamusoro gimmick mumakore mashoma pavaishanyira nedzenyu basa iri 1697-1698 biennium. England uye Holland. Akabva asangana vanonzi "cabinet ose curiosities" panguva vanokudzwa, apo vakaramba zvose zvemarudzi Diva: zaspirtovannye miviri, mhuka stuffed, dzakaunganidzwa isingawanzowanikwi nezvipembenene. Ndivo Kunstkammer vokutanga chaizvo. Shoko rinoshandurwa kubva German rinoreva "unyanzvi kamuri".

History Zvisikwa kuRussia

Peter vakaifarira mumba chaizvo zvinoshamisa, kuti pashure kudzoka kumba, akatanga akatora yakafanana nokurongwa cabinet mumuzinda. In Holland, akadzidza yokuwana kuti zvitunha 30 000 Dutch guilders awana yose "hofisi Ruysch". Mune ramangwana, regai skimp, kutenga mabhuku Changamire zvisingawanzoitiki, zviridzwa, zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana, nemamwe zvinoratidza uye zviwanikwa nezvishamiso kunze. Pashure chirevo maererano munhu wese awana mukana kujairika kana isingawanzowanikwi chinhu, ndaifanira kupfuura kuti pakasikwa "curiosities cabinet". Kubva makona zvose eumambo Russian muUmambo muhofisi vakatanga kudirana vachienda zvinoshamisa zvinhu. Nokukurumidza vanyatsoita vakawanda havasi akaiswa mumuzinda. Zvakawanda zvaifanira inochengetwa chaiyo wedzimba, chaizvo kugumbuka Peter, uyo aida kuisa ose curiosities vanoonekwa.

Pashure kuchinjwa guru kubva kuMoscow St. Petersburg uye takatamira kune imwe itsva dzokugara, Peter I takatamira nzvimbo itsva uye ayo curiosities. Kwenguva, akapa Muzinda yanyadziswa Boyar Kikin, akanga akaparadzaniswa guru navo kutorerwa pfuma kuti anotora rutivi rangano mambo. Mambo akarayira, "Kikin Chambers" kudana yokumwe tsika "Cabinet pamusoro Curiosities". Izvi zvakaitika muna 1714. Gore rino, uye ini ndakaberekwa munyika curiosities ane pikicha zvino inoshongedza mumwe mutungamiriri Peter yokutanga Russian.

kuvakwa kwezvivako

muunganidzwa kwaPetro nokukurumidza akakura. Muna 1717, zvakare kuHolland akanga zvachose akawana Seb nhoroondo 15 zviuru. Dutch guilders. Nokukurumidza zvose tsika kugona kukodzera uye "Kikin Chambers." Kutakura curiosities dzavo zvingangoita kuratidza zvose vanoshuva mambo akarayira kuvakwa chivako chaiyo. Nokuti iye oga vepamusoro nzvimbo museve Vasilevsky Island pedyo neimba yamambo uye chinokosha ehurumende masangano.

Basa racho yakataurwa akitekiti Mattarnovi. The ibwe remangwana yakakurumbira miziyamu yokutanga yakavambwa muna July 1718. Gare gare pachivako vaisanganisira vatenzi zvakadai yakakurumbira sezvo Gerbel, Zemtsov uye Kiaveri.

Grand Panovhurwa Kunstkammer yakaitwa November 1728, apo ndakapedza basa rapera chete muna 1734

Kusiyana Russian kunstkamery kubva European

Rokutanga "makabhati ose curiosities" yakabuda muEurope panguva Renaissance muna 15-16 emakore. Chii chinonzi cabinet pamusoro curiosities, kuva muchinda akapfuma, ane chinangwa chaiva kufadza vaenzi? Rinongova zvakavhiringika wemabhuku isingawanzowanikwi uye kujairika zvinhu, kuratidza "dzidziso" muridzi wavo.

Petro curiosities uye pamusoro apa, pakutanga pamuviri kwete ravanhu fuma, asi sezvo dzakaunganidzwa zvinoratidza dzinonakidza inogona zvinangwa inodzidzisa uye zvesayenzi. Storage uye systematization netsika akapiwa kuti vakambovhenekerwa vanhu. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, vatungamiriri kana vashandi ane "cabinet Petro" vaiva Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, Pallas, Severgin nemamwe masayendisiti. Vaiunganidza zvikuru akasiyana zvinhu - harisi chete yakanyangara, kana zvemafaro curiosities, asi zvinhu zvezuva nezuva kuti vane guru ethnographic uye nhoroondo kukosha, rinokosha mune zvesayenzi pfungwa zvipembenene mutero, makazara neshiri, nezvinokambaira, nehove nemhuka, akasika madhipatimendi anatomical uye mineralogical.

Pashure pakusikwa Russian Academy of Sciences muna 1724. The chikuru manyuko muhurumende pakati curiosities vaiva zvinhu kubva kwesayenzi nzendo Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

Chii chinonzi cabinet kuti curiosities Russian? Iri miziyamu, mumwe mukuru uye rakapfuma munyika, paucheche yeRussian Academy of Sciences.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Kubva pazuva curiosities rokutanga, mufananidzo dzakapiwa pazasi, kuti Petro I yakavhurwa vanhu vose vanofarira. Entry uye vakaongorora Exhibits akanga akasununguka.

Peter I akasika munhu kujairika dhipatimendi ari miziyamu ane Exhibits imhuka uye vanhu vane pakupona - Cyclops, vazhinji-zvombo, asi sairini wacho urwere uye mimwe abnormalities. Uye havana chete akaomeswa miviri uye zvisikwa, asiwo kuti vararame dwarves, omugungwa zvikara kuti vanogara miziyamu tichiregeredza nevoruzhinji yepfuma.

The Emperor aiziva ose chidimbu kuunganidza "kumeso" uye aiva shasha mutungamiriri zvinofadza achivaudza kuti vaeni vake.

Nhasi, ari miziyamu ane mamiriyoni 1,2. Exhibits!