Ekaterina 2: wokuti chinoziva absolutism (zvishoma). Empress Catherine Guru

Catherine II Alekseevna vanotonga kubva 1741 kusvika 1796. Akaedza kuramba nzira kuti wakatora Petro I. Asi akadawo kutevera mashoko ose New Age. Panguva yake yokutonga paiva dzakawanda yakadzika administrative kuchinja, uye yekudyidzana akawedzera nharaunda umambo. The Empress aiva pfungwa uye mano guru yokutungamirira.

Chinangwa Catherine II rokutonga

Kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kodzero nomunhu makirasi - chinangwa kuti wakaiswa pacharo Catherine 2. mutemo avhenekerwa absolutism, mu pfupi - magariro, kana mambo vanoziva kuti ndiye mutirastii hwacho, apo kirasi kuziva zvayo basa kuti nokuzvidira kutonga mambo. Ekaterina Velikaya aida mubatanidzwa pakati pamambo uye ruzhinji raitwa kwete nokugombedzerwa, asi nokuzvidira vazive nezvekodzero dzavo uye mabasa. Panguva ino, zvakanga vakakurudzira kukura dzidzo, zvebhizimisi uye maindasitiri, sainzi. Venhau uyewo dzakatangira iyi. French Kujekerwa - Diderot, Voltaire - ndivo vane basa yaitungamirirwa Ekaterina 2. mutemo chinoziva absolutism iri muchidimbu pazasi.

Chii "chinoziva absolutism"?

Policy kuti chinoziva absolutism akatora dzakawanda European (Prussia, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Spain uye zvichingodaro. D.). Musimboti mutemo chinoziva absolutism - kuedza mambo zvinyoronyoro kuchinja mamiriro avo maererano kuchinja ezvinhu oupenyu. Izvi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vadzivise chimurenga.

The Pfungwa hwaro chinoziva absolutism vaiva zvinhu zviviri:

1. Kujekerwa uzivi.
2. Dzidziso yechiKristu.

Yakadaro mutemo vanofanira kunge kutapudzwa hurumende kupindira mune upfumi, updating uye codifying mitemo, legislating kirasi. kerekewo aitofanira hurumende kusenza kwenguva pfupi simba, bhuku rokubudisa uye dzidzo akakurudzirwa.

Seneti nadzurudzo

Mumwe kuchinja Catherine II rokutanga aiva kuchinja weSeneti. Nechirevo December 15, 1763 akachinja mashoko nezve uye mamiriro weSeneti. Zvino yave kunyimwa masimba kwemitemo. Zvino akanga achiita chete kuzvidzora basa, uye akaramba zvepamusoro nezvamakatonga muviri.

Structural kuchinja yakakamurwa Seneti 6 madhipatimendi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva utongi tsime kunorondedzerwa. Saka wakawedzera kunyatsoshanda zvayo, sezvo nechepakati simba. Asi Seneti ichi rava kushandisa rukaz simba. Aifanira kuteerera mambokadzi.

Legislative Commission

Muna 1767 Ekaterina Velikaya musangano Legislative Commission. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuratidza kubatana namambo uye vaaitonga. Kuti pave basa, sarudzo dzakaitwa muna makirasi, havaiti kusanganisira voga vanhuwo zvavo. Somugumisiro, Komisheni akanga 572 Kuvamiriri nevatevendzeri: kwamachinda, hurumende masangano, vanhuwo zvavo uye Cossacks. Mabasa Commission aisanganisira vaigadzirira bumbiro remitemo, uye Conciliar The Code 1649 yave kutsiviwa. Uyezve, tinofanira kukudziridza zviyero kuti serfs kuti zviite hwavo. Asi izvi zvakaita kuti aparadzane chomurayiro. Nerimwe boka kune dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende kudzivirira zvavanofarira. Controversy mberi refu zvokuti Ekaterina Velikaya akatanga kufunga sei kurega kushanda kuunganidzwa wevatariri. The Commission akashanda kwemakore matanhatu uye akanga ichiputswa pakutanga Russian-Turkish hondo.

tsamba bvumidzwa

Pakati pezana 70 uye mangwanani 90 raMwari Catherine II vakatevera kuchinja zvikuru. Chikonzero kuchinja izvi raiva Pugachev kupanduka. Naizvozvo, pane vanofanira kusimbisa monarchical simba. Anotowedzera kumukomborera simba yeko, kuwedzera enyika, sich wakaparadza, serfdom yakapiwa Ukraine, muridzi yakawedzera simba vanhuwo zvavo. Province rinotungamirirwa gavhuna, uyo aiva nebasa zvose. Generalgouvernement rinobatanidza mapurovhinzi akawanda.

Tsamba bvumidzwa maguta kubva 1775 akawedzera kodzero dzavo kuzvitonga. Rinotaurawo akasunungura vatengesi kuhondo uye yokuvhota. Business akatanga kukudziridza. Meya akamhanya muguta, uye navakuru kusarudzwa anokudzwa gungano, County gavhuna.

kirasi imwe neimwe zvino vakanga dare sangano chairo vayo. Hurumende nechepakati haachatauri musimboti regiravhiti ari munharaunda masangano. Matambudziko uye nenyaya vakanga vakatsunga nokukurumidza zvikuru.

Muna 1785 Charter kuva uchapupu anokudzwa outlaws, uyo akasuma Peter III. Vanokudzwa vava asingachaiti koporo chirango uye kutorerwa pfuma. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kusika hurumende.

vamwe kuchinja

A vemamwe kunoparirwa aitwa, kana mutemo chinoziva absolutism chaiitirwa. The tafura rinoratidza dzimwe kuchinja kunokosha pakati Empress.

The New Deal haana kubata

Policy kuti chinoziva absolutism mu Russia yakanga pfupi. Pashure pokuchinja muFrance muna 1789, mambokadzi vakasarudza kuchinja mutemo. Yakava yakawedzera kusenza mabhuku nemapepanhau.

Catherine Guru Russian Empire dzikava chinhu chiremera simba nyika, simba. Kwamachinda yaiva ropafadzo wakare, kwamachinda kuwedzerwa Kodzero kuzvitonga. We kusika zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu munyika kuramba kukudziridza mari. nguva yose iyi kuti Catherine 2. mutemo avhenekerwa absolutism, mune pfupi, muRussia kuchengetedza uye kusimbisa Mhedziso umambo uye feudalism. Pfungwa inokosha Diderot uye Voltaire akanga asina midzi: siyana Hurumende vasina chabviswa, uye vanhu havana kufanana. Mukupesana, kusiyana zvidzidzo zviri chete kwakawedzera. Munyika uori raibudirira. Vanhu havanzwi vakasununguka kupa chiokomuhomwe. Chii chakaita Gwaro vakadzinganiswa Catherine 2, mutemo vakambovhenekerwa absolutism? Inogona zvishoma kurondedzerwa sezvinotevera: pakuparara zvachose zvemari maitiro uye, sezvo zvakaguma chakakomba zvoupfumi.