Centralized upfumi - chii ichi?

Ndeipi centralized upfumi? Zvinoita, kana munhu asingazivi zita wechipiri vakaronga zvoupfumi. Zvii zviri kuchengetwa? Sei kukurukurirana wegadziriro pachayo? Izvi uye zvimwe nyaya dzichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Vhuṱanzi

centrally akaronga upfumi ndiyo hwaro chero basa kuti inoitika munhu kana boka uye nechinangwa kuwana imwe chinangwa. Nemhaka vakawanda Mumagazini nyaya iyi mugove wacho Micro-vaenzane uye makro-pamwero. Muchiitiko chokutanga zvinoreva Kuronga panguva vachida pamwero. Panguva makro vanochiva ichi muitiro ratova kuitika munzvimbo yose. Izvi mhando mbiri chimiro mumwe kana mumwe anogona kuwanikwa chero upfumi. Asi pakafunuka uye kukosha kunosiyana-siyana pamusoro rebei siyana. Panguva iyi nguva yakakurumbira kuronga iri vachida pamwero. Izvi imhaka yokuti nekuvongwa iye, tinogona kutarisira ramangwana mari uye zveminda, anoratidza anofungidzirwa mari inoshandiswa, uyewo kumisa nemaonero kugadzirwa kutenderera. Asi kwatiri vari Article rinopa mukuru kufarira ndiyo centralized upfumi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pfungwa achava vachimiririra nyika.

The centralized Tsika upfumi: nheyo yokungotaura

Chinonyanya akakurumbira pano ndiyo kukurukurirana mashandiro, raiva Soviet Union. Asi sei kuumbwa? nheyo Scientific dzakaiswa pedyo Vilfredo Pareto, Friedrich of Wieser uye Enrique Baron. Vakaratidza kuti kurongwa upfumi umo mune centralized utariri okuwana uye mitengo, anogona kutora nezvezvinodiwa siyana wacho uye pakupedzisira kutungamirira pakagadzwa zvakanyatsoenzana pakati zvitengeswa uye kudiwa. Nokuedza masayendisiti yaingoda pamusoro Karl Marx uye Friedrich Shona. Vakaparidza kuti vakaronga upfumi chikuru kubudirira, uye panguva imwe chete inokosha mukana mugovanisi muvanhu. Ndivo wechipiri Vladimir Lenin. The hunoshanda Implementation pamusoro yokungotaura zviitiko zvakatanga kuitika pakarepo mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba. Asi muitiro uyu asati kuitwa zvayo zvinokosha zvinhu rwakatora emakore.

Paumbwe centralized upfumi muenzaniso Soviet Union

The kumumvuri yose ino hwava yakatangwa December 1917, Dare Economic Council. Ndiye wokutanga co-ordinating uye kuronga muviri. Asi chaizvoizvo pamwero mukuru budiriro raiva kusikwa magetsi. Kana iwe uzive pamwe zvekushandisa mapepa, nokuti vazhinji izvozvo muchaona kuti zano iri kwete chete akapa pave Magetsi, asiwo yose magetsi indasitiri. In zvinofambirana magetsi ari kutanga pamusoro Vladimir Lenin muna 1921 isu akasika State Planning Commission, iro pakati dzakafara makuru aizivikanwa Gosplan. Her basa raiva kuongorora uye kutenderwa National zvoupfumi zvirongwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba muzinda kuchinja. Uye muna 1927 kwakasarudzwa kukudziridza yomuzana gore mashanu budiriro chirongwa, wakange zvainanga upfumi Soviet Union. Akavaka womuenzaniso tsitsi vakatsoropodza nemhaka yokushomeka mukupera '80s uye' 90s. Asi ngationei yekumbotsveta enyika zvinoriumba uye kuona upfumi ehurumende centralized kubva inoshanda pfungwa maonero.

zvakwakanakira

Vanokosha chaizvo uye akafanira kuteerera:

1. Pane matunhu mwero kukura upfumi.
2. Yakadzikama uye maererano kwemashoko ehurumende.
3. Vagari anopiwa pachena dzidzo uye mishonga.
4. The zvakataurwa ndiyo zvakanyatsoenzana pfungwa pamwe nokudiwa.
5. Optimally matambudziko yose zvoupfumi.
6. zvinhu zviri kushandiswa zvinobudirira, kunyange ivo shoma.
7. Haana zvimwe nemhando kugadzirwa mutengapwe mari.
8. Anotsigirwa kuvapo ane Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri-siyana zvigadzirwa.
9. chivimbo mune remangwana nyika yavo vemo '.
10. The upfumi anogona kukurumidza vanounganidzwa kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

kutadza

Zvingava zvakaipa kana ainyanya chete zvinobatsira. Pashure pezvose, vanhu ane zvikanganiso kugona kudziviswa:

1. Tough uye zvikuru centralized zvoupfumi.
2. Kunonoka mukubata pakarepo zvichiitika nyaya, uyewo kunonoka nemapinduriro panguva vachinje kudiwa imwe mhando chigadzirwa munguva yorugare.
3. Kana kusagona wegadziriro kubva vagari pane maoko yakawanda mari. Zvinonzi pamwe nokusanzwisisa romugove kutengeswa nedzimwe mapoka kana mhando nhumbi.
4. Kuvapo hombe muboka revatungamiriri.
5. Wevasungwa simba mumaoko mumwe munhu kana boka duku revanhu.
6. Kana kusagona hazvirevi kusika zvinhu kuti paumbwe youdyire kwevanhu uye mabhizimisi kushandisa zvinobudirira uye kununura unhu zvigadzirwa (kana mabasa).

Features

Tine dzinokosha zviri kuti centrally akaronga upfumi. The upfumi musika zvino kunzi kuti kuenzanisa zvinangwa. Saka, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kuona kuwanda mhando dzakasiyana pfuma. Saka vakaronga upfumi hakurevi siya kuti munhu akanga achishandisa kugadzirwa. Asi pasi kare nenyundo, ruoko-akaita Michina uye zvichingodaro. Achishandisa inofambirana pamwe nechipo, pano unogona kuwedzera zvakawanda-uye 3D-vaidhinda. Nepo mune kumusika upfumi, unorema nzira inoshandiswa iri mumaoko private guta. Chokwadi, kana uchida kuti vanounganidzwa kuti aite rimwe dambudziko guru-pamwero, zviri zvakaipa. Nekuti kusvikira soberosh pfuma kuronga zvose vakarasika nguva inokosha. Munguva hama kutsiga zvinhu zvakasiyana. Asi kunyange pano pane misungo. Saka, Kutarisirwa anofanira kutorwa kudzivisa chero chindingindingi kuti zvichaita Svinai ose muto kubva vatengi. Kureva, pano, zvakare, chinokosha kugadziridzwa aripo, asi nokuda kworutivi hazvisi zvakare kuoneka uye ane unhu isina kunanga kupindira. Kungava kuti kumusika upfumi - centralized? Hongu, uye sei! Somuenzaniso, France. Pano, kunyange zvazvo pasina kuronga sezvinoita Soviet, asi zvakangonyuka yayo-gore mashanu urongwa, izvo zvinopa nevakawanda kukura nzira.

mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, kuti centralized zvoupfumi - a asi panyaya iri sayenzi zvoupfumi. In pamberi utungamiriri hwakanaka uye unhu kurovedzwa, zvinogona kuratidza Somugumisiro akanaka. Uye kukura kubata akachenjera, hurongwa ose Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa anopa pasi kutaura kuti centralized zvoupfumi - ndicho remangwana revanhu. Mhanya Just haingasviki kuva nesu, uye makombiyuta vari chiite kuti kunonyanyisa uvandudze wokunyaradza mupenyu.