Basic ruzivo pamusoro Moscow. History of Moscow. Moscow ano

Moscow - nderimwe remasangano maguta munyika, guta uko kakawanda kusarudza, dzinouraya kuti vanhu yose nyika uye kunyange makondinendi. Gore negore zvinonzi ashanyirwa vashanyi mamiriyoni 4-5 yokumwe. Uye vakawanda vavo shoko "Russian", "Moscow" uye "Kremlin" vari vamwe mupfungwa zvakafanana, uye havafaniri kuedza kuenda mhiri chinyakare guta rwokuparidza kuona zvishoma kuzivikanwa uye ano zvinokwezva guru, uyewo tinyatsoziva nhoroondo yacho. Asi kare guta iri kusimba inonakidza, uyewo zviitiko zvinoitika ipapo mazuva ose.

Basic ruzivo pamusoro Moscow

Maererano-gore ra2014, Moscow ine vagari vanhu 12.108.257, 91% vacho vari Russian. The guta riri pamahombekombe chete rwizi, nechepakati chikamu East European Plain. Panguva iyoyowo Moscow iguta yeUnited kukosha, izvo zvinenge zvose chezvinhu zvinokosha zvomukati ose ehurumende simba, kunze reConstitutional Court of Russian Federation.

Nhoroondo Moscow

Kunyange zvinofungirwa kuti guta rakanga rakaumbwa 1147th gore, Zviwanikwa zvematongo zvinoratidza kuti makore anenge 1,000. Uyewo pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti vagari vomunzvimbo idzi rokutanga vaiva vyatichi. Saka, musi chaiwo waakaberekwa inotungamirwa haizivikanwi Moscow. Nei September 6, 2014, gore guru wokuRussia vaipemberera 867th gore kweguta? Chokwadi kuti anokosha mashoko pamusoro Moscow pazuva rokutanga emakore ivepo zvirimowo mu yakakurumbira Ipatiev Chronicle. Zvikurukuru, ichi ndipo unogona kuverenga nhoroondo musha pamwe chete zita, riri pamusoro nzvimbo ano muumbi mumugwagwa wokutanga. Monument ichi emabhuku yekare inotaura musangano muguta iri Moscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky Svyatoslava Olgovicha, uyewo shamwari dzavo 1147, gore zuva 'chitsitsinho nokurumbidzwa Mwari ", izvo, maererano vaongorori' Masvomhu, zvichireva Mugovera 4 April.

Uyezve, kubva yaMakoronike zvinozivikanwa kuti pashure 9 makore mwanakomana Yuriya Dolgorukogo - Andrew Bogolyubskii - kunobva Borovitsky pachikomo duku yemapuranga nhare, izvo chaimbova dzoumambo navaranda. Around nhare ichi, uye akatanga kuva Moscow. Nhoroondo yeguta inosanganisirawo mashoko nezvokuti muna 1177, gore nhare yekare kupisa Prince Gleb - mubati Ryazan, uye panzvimbo yacho akavaka itsva.

Nhau dzairamba of Moscow

Muzana remakore rechi13 guta rakava nzvimbo yakazvimirira weutungamiriri uye vakapona Horde nechisimba, denda denda, uyewo anonyengera kurwisa uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera hondo Khan Tokhtamysh mumakore akatevera 100 makore. Pasinei zviitiko izvi zvose, Moscow ari zvishoma achiva mumwe anokosha zvoupfumi, tsika, chitendero, uye zvematongerwe enyika nzvimbo Russia. Kunyanya mugove kukura guta panguva akaita Prince Ivan Kalita uye Dmitry Donskoy. Akanyanya ruzivo pamusoro Moscow panguva zvinoratidza kuti wokutanga vavo yakavakwa pomuouki, uye wechipiri, dzinokosha - chena-ibwe Kremlin.

Chinotevera chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo of Moscow vakatanga kuzivisa Ivana Groznogo chamber of Moscow uye All Russia uye kugadzwa ikoko pamusoro patriarchate muna 1589.

Moscow kubva rechi17 kusvikira muzana remakore rechi20

Handikwanisi kutsanangura yakawedzera basa muupenyu Russia guta panguva madzimambo Romanov youmambo wokutanga, kwakati guta guru mamiriro, ine ndima yakakura. Ndizvo zvazvakanga pre-Petrine Moscow! Nhoroondo yeguta iri rinotevera remakore ndiyewo haana kuine zviitiko zvinonakidza. Zvisinei, kubvira 1712, gore yakava guta guru St. Petersburg, asi vose madzimambo, uyo akakwira choushe Russian Empire, akaramba korona muMoscow. Uyezve, muna 1812 muguta akava chihombe romoto musungo Napoleon uye akadzivirira nyika yake.

Moscow muzana remakore rechi20

Pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1917, guta akatangazve chinzvimbo chayo sezvo guru uye akatanga kuchinja tichizviona. Zvikurukuru, muMoscow paiva pevhu, Moscow yakavakwa, vakatanga kushingaira kusimudzira ekare namafuro. Panguva imwe cheteyo, yakaparadzwa Zvivako dzakawanda dzechitendero mapurani, kusanganisira Mutsvene wemamonk Kristu Muponesi Cathedral, Church of kubvuma, uye vamwe.

Kubva inotungamirwa kwayo "Soviet" Moscow. Nhoroondo iyi, guta rine tsaona peji chokuita ake umhare kudzivirira muHondo Yenyika II, apo mazana ezviuru vakabayira upenyu hwavo kuitira kuti kupa muvengi kupinda kufarira guru. Zvikurukuru raiva zuva apo yakakurumbira Red Square Victory Day achimisa, izvo kwakaratidza kuguma zvikuru zvinotyisa hondo munhoroondo yevanhu. Kana post-hondo iyoyo, 800th gore Moscow, kutanga paumbwe tsika yakanga vachipemberera 1947, iyo achiri mupenyu nhasi, uye muna 1950 mumagazini inonzi "Hanzvadzi Zvinomwe". Pakati zviitiko zvinokosha kwakaitika guru Soviet Union, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa uyewo yeOlympic-80, idzo guta 15 idzva zvivako zvemitambo dzakavakwa uye zvakafanana muhotera.

Kutanga post-Soviet nguva munhoroondo Moscow

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Soviet Union yakaparara muna 1991, uye pamusoro enyika mepu dzenyika yakaonekwa Russian Federation, kana sezvazvakanyorwa zvakawanda inowanzonzi nezvayo munyika, Russia. Moscow akava guru yeUnited mamiriro pamwe zvikuru zvakawanda mundima munyika, zvinosanganisira nyaya 85. Muna 1995, yakanga anotenderwa dzakadaro zviratidzo matsva mukuru guru Russian sezvo ayo mureza, mufananidzo uye chimbo.

Pakuvamba, kudzorerwa Kristu Muponesi rakaputiswa naMweya Bolsheviks, uyewo dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoyera yechitendero akaparadza panguva kupandukira. Nokudaro, Moscow ano akatanga kuumba, kwakavakirwa netsika yapfuura emakore.

Rinonyatsooneka itsva mapurani zvivako guta

Kubvira mangwanani 2000s, vakawanda nhurikidzwa dzakawanda kwakachinja pakuonekwa guta rakavakwa muMoscow. Pakati izvi zvinhu dzibude pakuvaka International Business Centre "Moscow City", izvo iri munharaunda yose nharaunda dzinenge 100 hectares. Uyezve, yakavakwa nezvimwe nhurikidzwa dzakawanda aida pekugara uye mahofisi. Nokudaro, Moscow ano zvishoma nezvishoma tinoshandurirwa guta, apo mukuru-simuka zvivakwa, shongwe regirazi uye kongiri hausisiri husiri nyore kuwana. Zvisinei, zvivako akadaro dzimwe nguva "akakurira" muzvinhu zvenhau akapamba chitarisiko chavo, sezvo kwete maererano dzakapoteredza dzomumaguta nakuyenda. Sezvineiwo, muna 2008, nzira kuvaka inonzi "infill kukura", rakarambidzwa.

Zvivako zvitsva guru

Mumakore maviri emakore piggy zvinokwezva Moscow kukasawedzerwa Zvivako zvitsva zvakawanda uye turobektov. Somuenzaniso, zvinofadza chivezwa "Vana - vakawirwa zvakaipa mukuru". Uyewo vakokwa guta ndewe kuona sculptural Portraits ari magamba nyaya kubudikidza Conan Doyle, kuti shongwe Nikulin, Tsime "Pushkin uye Natalie", Luzhkov Bridge. Uye, chokwadi, tisingatauri hofori shongwe Peter Mukuru, uyo, pasinei maonero akasiyana pamusoro wayo zvinoyevedza kukosha, razova imwe yenzvimbo kucherechedzwa ano zvinokwezva guru. Uyezve, unofanira zvachose kuona shongwe magamba Hondo Yenyika I, makasimbiswa muna 2014.

Munyaya ino, uine zvinokosha Moscow, nhoroondo dzaro uye zvinokwezva ano. guta rino vanodada Russia. It vose vanofanira kuva nechokwadi kuona nemaziso avo.