Ndiani muvambi pamusoro kombiyuta chovha (mbeva). Evolution of Computer Mouse

Nhasi, pasina mudziyo uyu havazokwanisi kuita ano pakombiyuta kombiyuta ipi. Hongu, uye Laptops, nenyanzvi dzakawanda vanosarudza kubatanidza chokwadi tatambura vanopika pane touchpads nokuda hypersensitivity kwavo uye asinganyatsoita nzvimbo. Asi ndiani akazogadzira kombiyuta mbeva ichiri usingazivi. Saka ngationei vakurukure nyaya iyi zvizere.

A shoma zvinhu

About uyo akazogadzira kombiyuta egwavava, yava kuzivikanwa kuti vamwe. Izvi hazvina nharo, sezvo kakawanda, kune vamwe, hapana zvishoma zvakakodzera mano afunga kuti vanotanga. Pakave mharidzo imwe zano idzva kuti kombiyuta musangano muUnited States (San Francisco). Ndiani muvambi pamusoro kombiyuta achifurira (mbeva akashevedza kuti nzira)? Kunotangwa uye chakaratidza nyika yaro Douglas Engelbart (Douglas Engelbart), uye iye akaberekwa kunyange apfuura, muna 1964. Kunyange zvazvo kunozivikanwa vakatanga kombiyuta negonzo nharo kuti pfungwa zano rakadai kwaari muna 1951! Muna 1970 iye akapiwa bvumidzwa nokuda kuvamba ichi.

Computer negonzo: musiki, nhoroondo, mhindumupindu

Mumwe chinhu ine nhoroondo yacho, uye sezvo iwe uende zvakadzama kupinda kare, iye anowana ngano zvayo. Kana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti ndiani vakatanga kombiyuta chovha (mbeva), sokuti kuva akajeka, maonero kuti uyo mudziyo akasikwa, saka kutaura, pamusoro vane mirairo kuita diverge. Vamwe mabhuku vanoti zvikabva pakati negonzo rakagadzirwa nokuda Xerox kambani. Vamwe - kuti akarayira kukura kwayo panguva Apple. The muvambi anoti rinokosha kuti sezvo vakadaro pamusoro chigadzirwa kunge vakaudza. Achifurira akazviratidza chaizvo zvisingatarisirwi, sezvo Kubudirira (sezvo zvinowanza penya zvinhu, hapana zvakananga asingaiti wekuvamba, uye sezvo kana ivo kuratidzika). Kana kuva operatsionok Engelbart rwakazodikanwa ari keypad kuti kushanda pamwe mahwindo (ari windowing pfungwa). Uye wokutanga kushanda kopi yakavakwa muna 1964. Saka anotanga nyaya kombiyuta mbeva, musiki iyo - the muvambi uye musayendisiti Douglas Engelbart.

Zvairatidzika seyokutanga mbeva

Housing zvakanga zvakavezwa noruoko kubva huni uye akanga chimiro bhokisi. Mukati, pane mabhatani uye mavhiri maviri. Vaikungurutsa patafura kana mudziyo ichifamba, vachibvumira kuverenga mirayiridzo uye uwandu mbeva kufamba. A kunobva mashoko uyu dzikwanise kwebasa cursor pamadziro. Zvadaro, mudziyo chakagadziridzwa uye akavandudzika. A-software akanyora Jeff Ralifson. achifurira munguva iyoyo vaiva zvachose rakakura mikana (chinogona kuonekwa panguva muenzaniso movie, yomusi 1968 uye riri panguva Museum of mbeva pa Stanford). Zvadaro, mudziyo uyu hazvisati mbiri uye mukurumbira pasi pose vakawana.

Danho rinotevera

Izvi zvakateverwa nani shanduro negonzo kubva Xerox (1972). It kunyorwa kwenyaya yacho Bill Chirungu, uyo akashanda ari yezvirwere pamwe Engelbart, uye akabva atamira ichi kambani. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nguva mubvunzo ndiani vakatanga kombiyuta chovha (mbeva), uye Redirect kuti kutungamirira boka iri. Mushure mudziyo chakagadziridzwa nazvo kuchikosha chaizvo: mavhiri makuru pane vaviri vakauya rinobereka chete rollers maviri. Uye Chikurukuru - pamasikiro negonzo muviri atova noWokumusorosoro ano chimiro, zvaizivikanwa meso edu. Asi bvumidzwa, uchiri vasara Engelbart. Saka mubvunzo kuti ndiani vakatanga kombiyuta chovha (mbeva), ndiko kuchenjera kupindura, achiratidza kupiwa zita.

pakuzadzisa

Asi achifurira sezvo kombiyuta mano kuramba asi zvekumwe chinhu kusvikira mangwanani 80s remakore rechi20. Asi kare muna 1983, somuenzaniso, paiva vanenge gumi makambani kuti pave nokutengesa siyana yemashoko mbeva. Zvinokosha kuti dzimwe makambani aya rakarongwa nenhengo Engelbart kana yake. Low kukurumbira sezvo mbeva mudziyo kuti kombiyuta aigona nharo mutengo wayo yakakwirira chaizvo mumakore iwayo. Kseroksovskie mbeva mutengo pakati $ 400 uye vachibhadharisa pakuchinja izvo vanofanira kwakabatana - kunyange 300. Zvino mudziyo pachayo yakanga STRUCTURAL zvaunokanganisa: aiva nani kunzwisisa uye kusimba chaizvo. Saka, nokuti avhareji User navanopinda mbeva akaramba isina. mugumo wake - vatsvakurudzi uye Developers, uyo akazogadzira ichangoburwa kombiyuta kwemichina.

Apple muchinangwa munhoroondo mbeva

Pakukurukura yayo wazova chaizvo PC pashure kwakasarudzwa kuti pave zvokushandisa mbeva. Ndiko Jobs akarayira kukudziridza yakavimbika uye kuderedzwa nokuchengetedza mudziyo, izvo zvaizoita mari 20-30 nembiri uye havana kutyora mazuva mashoma ose. Uye pano, zvichida, utsanzi: a rabha bhora kuti akakungurutsa famba muviri rinowanika munzvimbo yacho kubereka. Shandisa mumwe chiratidzo Kupfuudzwa hurongwa, nyaya yakava rakaumbwa mapurasitiki kusiyana remaoko. Kombiyuta inogona unganidza chero mushandi pamusoro peungano mutsetse.

maungira kubudirira

chimurenga kunoita mbeva nyaya haisi refu kuuya. Epplovskie makombiyuta vakapakata mbeva muna 1984 vakatengesa kunze, kufanana pizza, uye aiva maungira kubudirira munyika yose. Uye muna 1995, kushanda Windows 95 kunopindawo pave izvi akadanidzira manipulators.

Mouse. Mhando kombiyuta mbeva

Nhasi mano izvi munyika, pane zvakawanda kupfuura makombiyuta pachavo. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti ayo pfupi (asati zvisingachashandi womuenzaniso, riri nokukurumidza kwedu nguva zvinoitika nokukurumidza) upenyu - makore 3-5 dzakawanda - avhareji PC ari kuchinja anopfuura rimwe negonzo, uye zvakawanda, zvichienderana zvaunofarira ari muridzi. Miscellaneous uye mhando kombiyuta mbeva. Zvino tarira, uye ake kugutsikana yomukati. Maererano yaro chaiyo magadzirirwo kombiyuta Data manipulators (mbeva) rakakamurwa Vanamakanika, optics, Laser, trackball.

Zvokuimba negonzo - the chinyakare bhora-nemotokari wokuenzanisira netambo, izvo zvinoda nguva nokuchenesa bhora, uye kura nechitarisiko. Optical anoshanda kushandisa yakasiyana musimboti. Havana bhora, uye ipapo vanotungamirwa uye Switch. Laser uchishanda nemumwe Laser. A trackballs vane convex bead, izvo akazoita motility maoko (somugumisiro anogona kushanda pamwe chete chigunwe). A coupling mudziyo maererano nheyo Data akakamurwa wired that uye Wireless. Wire senzira PC kubatana waya iyo kwakabatana kwachiri uye pamusoro iyo chiratidzo iri inoparadzirwa. A Wireless kushandisa chaiyo mugamuchiri, kuti ine chokuita PC. mano kwakadaro zvakanaka kemabhuku, sezvo Mobile zvakakwana. A chinokosha drawback: tora mumwe zvinoshandisa pakurima kupinda kombiyuta uye vaishandisa mabhatiri kana mabhatiri kuti aifanira kuramba kushandura kana kombera. Anenge zvose mbeva mbiri mabhatani uye mupumburu vhiri (mu akare yokutevedzera, hazvisi), asi mhando zvezvivako kubva siyana manufactures kunogona yakasiyana imwe kubva klassiske kuti ano.