Basa rechiito iri mubvunzo. Part rwokutaura mutauro wokuRussia - rechiito rinoreva uye kushandiswa

Basa rechiito iri mubvunzo zvikuru, zvatinotaura Handingambofungi pasina izvozvo. Nouns kupa nyaya, pfungwa uye nezviitiko mazita, adjectives anorondedzera ehupfumi dzavo. Uye verbs zvakafanana kuporesa mvura kufema upenyu kunyika mashoko iwayo vakavapoteredza, kuasungira kuva wakakwana, dzakazara kupfimbwa, akauzadzawo kufamba uye basa. Vanopa pfungwa mupfungwa, ratidza pezvakaitwa kuitika kwete nechando chimiro, asi kukura kwavo, kunzwisisa hunhu huri pakati zvinhu zvaari.

Nhoroondo shoko "rechiito"

The kumadziteteguru rokuti "rechiito" vakanga vakwegura kwechiSlavonic shoko "rechiito" - matauriro, shoko; "Verbs" - kuzvibata kutaura verbosity, runyerekupe; "Glagolivy" - besedlivy aitaurisa. arufabheti Glagolitic yainzi Slavs yekare. Kunyange munguva Pushkin shoko "rechiito" zvinoreva rinoshandurwa se "kutaura", "shoko", sezvinoratidzwa yakakurumbira nyanduri wacho kudanwa "kupisa mwoyo rechiito." Zvishoma nezvishoma, vatana mutengo uri kunze kushandiswa, uye ikozvino shoko "rechiito" rinoreva chikamu kutaura.

Rei unoita rechiito pamatauriro edu

Verbs ndiwo mashoko anoratidza mamiriro chinhu kana chiito, uye anopindura mubvunzo "zvokuita?", "Chii kuita?" (Kudya, kuenda). Achibatsirwa verbs mutauri anogona kutaura kwete chete muitiro kana ezvinhu, asi zviratidzo (yellowing mashizha), maitiro (kufanana vabereki vavo), uwandu (kwemari nekatatu), nguva (kusiya mangwana).

Ndicho vakapfuma zvirevo uye nezvimiro mukukurukurirana mumutauro weRussia. Rechiito prefixes uye suffixes anoumba mhuri yose mashoko vanokwanisa tisingazvioni kuratidza kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro uye mupfungwa nuances chaicho, unogona kuonekwa mumashoko kutiza: Tiza - tiza - kutiza - obbezhat - vakapukunyuka - akamhanya - akauya achimhanya - akamhanya - akamhanya.

zvivakamutauro zvinoreva

Zvivakamutauro basa rechiito iri mubvunzo kuti kuratidza simba zvakaita mananara, zvinhu, zvipenyu, izvozvo zvingaratidza:

• Mamiriro chinhu (nhema, vane ruzivo);

• panyama chiito (run, urove, sando);

• pezvakaitwa pamwe chinhu (muduku, kukura, dzizere);

• Bato (kufamba, dzinoshambira, vanobhururuka);

• ukama (kuremekedza, ruvengo, shanje);

• manzwiro (kuyemura, inotya, chinosuruvarisa);

• mamiriro zvakasikwa (chando, rima).

The zvivakamutauro rechiito:

1. The kuitika chokuti (vanorega kufema).

2. Personal chimiro (I kutamba - iwe kutamba - isu kutamba - ivo vatambe).

3. Generic chimiro (ikawira - ikawira - nayo Rawa - vakawira).

4. Chirairo (sezvaari parudo).

5. gerund (kuzvitutumadza pokutangira).

6. rekuremekedza maitiro chimiro kureva izvo kuitika pasina yezviri chinhu (dzaipenya, yakabikwa, mambakwedza).

Morphological zviri verbs mukutaura

Verbs vane shoma zvachose uye non-dzose morphological maitiro.

Kuti zvinosanganisira dzose.

1. rechiito mhando - inorondedzera musimboti wenyika zvinofamba matanho panyaya kukwana kwayo kana incompleteness:

• verbs, kuti upindure mubvunzo "zvokuita", anonzi verbs imperfective anorondedzera vachiri mubishi (anonyora tsamba, iye Anobika chisvusvuro);
• verbs, kuti upindure mubvunzo "zvokuita?", anonzi perfective verbs, anorondedzera kwemasayendisiti kare paakapedza (akanyora tsamba, achibika chisvusvuro).

2. transitive rechiito kunotema kana zvainoita chinhu kunoita kana kwete:

• transitive verbs tsanangura zviito dzinoshanda chinhu (mai anodyisa mwanasikana wake, ndakaverenga bhuku);
• intransitive verbs anoreva pezvakaitwa dzisina kune mumwe chinhu (kutendeuka tsvuku Maple mashizha, shiri Riri Kuwedzera Zvinoshamisa).

3. dzokororo anoratidza zvevhiki muitiro pachahwo kana mumwe chinhu:

• reflexivo verbs anotsanangura chiito rinotungamirirwa, akadzokera pachavo, havana dzinovakwa kushandisa suffix "-s" uye "Xia" (Lena crow, I greyus);
• Yakanyura verbs rinotema mutoo zvainanga yakasiyana nyaya (Lena anogeza musoro wake, I Gray nemichindwe).

4. Conjugation kuti verbs pakunyora anoita nhamba uye mhando:

• Verbs wokutanga conjugation kuva kuvhara kunze "-it" (earing vanoda nokupenya).
• Second conjugation verbs vane ndokuguma "-it" (kukoshesana, monyorora, achipa).

Vasiri zvachose zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinotevera.

1. Gender:

• Varume (taitamba, kuridza);
• Women (amire, vakamira);
• Zvenguva (kunze vakabika).

2. Munhu:

• wokutanga (Ndiri kutaura pamusoro, zvauri kutaura pamusoro);
• wechipiri (tinoziva, imi munoziva);
• mumwe wechitatu (rakabatsira, rakabatsira, vakabatsira).

3. Time:

• chipo (kutsvaka kutora vachidzifudza);
• kare (Ndiri kutsvaka, tora, zvaida);
• Future (I kuwana, tora, zvinoda).

4. Number:

• yakasiyana (ikakuruma, akarumwa);
• muuzhinji (akarumwa akarumwa).

5. Kuda:

• anoratidza (Ndine nguva, zviri kunze);
• inotodiwa (raida uspey, enda);
• Zvimiso (angadai, ingadai yakapfuura).

syntactic zvinoreva

Rechiito kune nzvimbo inokosha Russian nemarongerwo. Chokutanga, ndiko Predicate, izvo pavanoparidza nyaya rinotsanangura siyana zvinoitwa uye inotaura zvinhu. Asi syntactic basa rechiito iri mubvunzo zvakawanda zvikuru, kunogona:

• Predicate (I (vakaita) akaita birdhouse?);

• mukwanisi (Ndinofarira chaizvo (kuti) Tenzi birdhouses?);

• ezvinhu (ndakaenda shamwari (sei) Tenzi birdhouses?):

• dzisingapindirani tsanangudzo (ndinoda mumwe chitandadzo - (a) Tenzi birdhouses?);

• pasi: (? (Kuti) Tenzi birdhouses - rangu chitandadzo).

stylistics

Rechiito akapedzisa kukuru manyorero kuita. Kushandiswa verbs ari kutaura nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, vanogona kuita pfungwa zvakajeka kana anotaurisa, kutonhora kana kupisa, anononoka kana nokukurumidza. Vanobatsira kukurukura zvakajeka uye zvakanaka zvakajeka urongwa yakaoma, mamiriro vanhu, manzwiro avo uye zvavanoda.

1. Business Style. Official mapepa vanoonekwa ne simba, yakaoma uye succinct manyorerwo. Uyai Templates rokutanga, rairatidza pazita muchimiro kutaura. Verbs kazhinji kwaidarika yainetsa kungonyaradza emazita. Bhizimisi mapepa wandei verbs, anenge zvidimbu 60 paminiti 1000 mashoko, mumabasa dzesayenzi nhamba mashoko 90, asi muna journalistic uye unyanzvi zvitaera - verbs 150 uye kupfuura.

2. Style Scientific zvakazara zvisiri pachena, chinocheka tsanangudzo kunoratidzwa kuzvidzora uye kusachinja-chinja. Chinangwa basa nesayenzi - kurondedzera uye zvinoratidza mapatani uye zvakasiyana-siyana mananara, saka anosarudza verbs tacitly nokudzorwa masayendisiti vachifarira mashoko Abstract, Abstract semantics: kuva, kuva, kuva.

3. Journalistic Style iri siyana: zvinosanganisira uye tabloids uye dzakakomba Analytical mabhuku uye nyaya mumagazini Category. Venhau chiitiko chairwo, chokurondedzera nzira zvokuratidzira. Manyorero dziberekane uye uwandu verbs kunoenderana mhando bhuku. Saka, zvikuru kushandiswa chinyorwa flecked yakaoma pazita-pfungwa nhamba verbs zvinogona kushoma. Uye munyaya pamusoro upenyu TV nyeredzi, verbs tinozviona.

4. Kutanga Style ndiyo sanzwisisika uwandu gradations uye halftones, ake mupfungwa uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kugutsikana kunobva ezvinhu, achiti nevakwegura, unhu. Verbs colloquially kubatsira pfeka manzwiro, zvishuvo uye mamiriro mashoko, kuti vazviise mumwe.

5. The unyanzvi manyorerwo zvizere anoratidza basa rechiito iri mubvunzo uye kwadzo. In maoko vatenzi shoko rechiito iri rinochinjwa kuva mashiripiti chishandiso kuti chaizvoizvo uye akanatsozvarwa kutaura kupfuura zvinhu zvakaoma. In ingano verbs zvinowanzotaurwa kuwanikwa setiri, mukuwedzera, zvose vanyori makuru nokungwara kushandisa, mupfumi zvakafanana verbs kunyatsoongorora kutsvaga shoko nani, anotsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu kana mutambi zvakakwana.

The unoreva zvakawanda rechiito

Zvinoreva uye kushandisa verbs ari kutaura nevamwe kunoita kuti utange kunyange chizvarwa vakurukuri wokuRussia, kutaura chinhu pamusoro wavatorwa vari dzimwe nguva vasingakwanisi kuita pfungwa inoita pachena pfungwa. All nyaya iri unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro verbs. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "kuputsa" duramashoko zvirevo mashanu, shoko "mira" - mapfumbamwe, uye shoko "tora" - gumi. Language kunoramba Virtual, kuunganidza mashoko vanobudirira uye nezvaanoreva. Kubva mukuru zvinoreva shoko pane yechipiri uye zvakasimba kupinda mariri, zvichiita mavara uye fungidzira.

Somuenzaniso, unogona kucheka matavi, asi iwe unogona - murume; vanowira gandwa kana pamberi vamwe; kuombera kana musuo; kuunganidza uchapupu kana kukohwa; vanouruka kana thumb; akabata apuro, pabvunzo kana shoko; kuwana chitima kana kuti pfungwa; vanoenda kudenga kana mari; kuva mwana kana kufunga; dzimwe nguva yapera imbwa, uye dzimwe nguva - mukaka kana nguva.

synonymy

Rechiito anoreva zvakafanana mune imwe ukoshi, asi zvakasiyana mupfungwa uye manyorero coloring. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti 'kuwa' kwazvakarerekera kwemanyorero, shoko "shmyaknut" kana "pokuputsa" rinoreva somuri kukurukurirana (emimwe) "bvisa" kana "kukundikana" - yakakwirira, unyanzvi maitiro.

Anoreva zvakafanana zvinoratidzei, chii basa unoita rechiito mukutaura kwedu. Pakusarudza nzira kunoenderana yakakodzera mamiriro uye zvinokosha zvikuru, nekuti shoko zvakaipa rakataurwa kwete chete inokanganisa pfungwa uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa, asi anoisa munhu ari musoro chinzvimbo. Street akariposhera penga ari papepa nesayenzi, okudanwa mashoko ezuva nezuva kukurukurirana vachinyara, mashoko dzesayenzi okushamisira muchiedza senhema.