Arabic letters: zvinoitwa kunyora kwavo. The arufabheti Arabic

Kusiyana dzakawanda mitauro munyika, tsamba Arabic zvakanyorwa "manyorero", unobva shoko nomumwe. Hazvina basa, rugwaro zvakanyorwa noruoko kana kudhindwa. Chimwe chinhu icho havana pakarepo kushandiswa kutanga kudzidza mutauro Arabic - kunyora rugwaro kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Ngatimboonai zvinhu kunyora uye transcription tsamba yacho mutauro Arabic.

General Principles of mutauro Arabic

Chete Korani, asiwo mune zvesayenzi, vana uye mabhuku edzidzo zvakanyorwa pamwe mavhawero, mune zvimwe zviitiko, mashoko akanyorwa pasina mavhawero. Ndokusaka kana kunyora transcription echiArabic acho akashandurwa uye zvakanyorwa kuti ritaurwe. Usati watanga kunyora transcription mashoko uye mitsara nezvevanakomana the vocal.

Paainyorera rwezuva mavhawero vari anowanzodanwa kushandiswa dam, Fatah uye kyasra (nzvanyira zviratidzo), Shaddaa (doubling chiratidzo) uye tanvin (apo neapo uye chiratidzo nunation).

Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona chinyorwa sukun (chiratidzo asipo nzvanyira) uye Wasley (Kusavapo glottal vanorega chiratidzo) uye Hamza (anoparadzanisa mavhawero maviri kubva mumwe nomumwe).

Features transcription

Kuvapo nemamwe mazwi (pharyngeal, kuve, pakati pameno), izvo ndisipo mumitauro yakawanda yokuEurope, kuomesa zvikuru basa kuti munhu ari kuedza kushandura nemabhii Arabic mu transcription. Pashure pezvose, ruzha urwu kunogona chete kupfuura kumativi.

Nhasi, pane mhando mbiri transcription. Sayenzi - pamwe yakarurama zvikuru madudzirwo, uye zvinoshanda, vachibvumira vamwe kuratidza madudzirwo tsamba Arabic. Translation, kana kuti, kuti mururimi kunoitwa tichibatsirwa vatambi Russian uye arufabheti Latin. The yakakurumbira transcription, zvose zvinoshanda uye zvesayenzi, zvakatangwa uye Arabists Krachkovsky Yushmanova.

arufabheti

Akauya achibva vokuFenikiya kusvikira navaArabhu arufabheti. Zvinosanganisira kwete chete vatambi vavo vose, asi Graphics wakananga machemero mutauro. Ndivo tsamba Arabic se "sa" (akafanana munyoro interdental Chirungu fung), "Ha" (exhaling kurira chakafanana munhu anoita imbwa ne kufema), "Zal" (achirira ruzha kuti kuwana kana iwe akaisa muromo rurimi pakati meno vachiti "sa"), "DAP" (unokwanisa kana iwe kureva mutsindo "e" uye panguva imwe chete kutora rurimi rwako shure uye zvishoma yakaderera rushaya) "kuti" (zvakasimba kutinhira se "s", asi anotaurwa kana retracting rurimi uye nyore deletion repasi rushaya), "Gagné" (zvakafanana inzwi kuti grassiruyuschee French "R").

Zvinokosha kutaura kuti vose earufabheti Arabic ndivo nemavara. Special Superscript kana Subscript-nzvanyira inoshandiswa kureva mavhawero, inomiririra ruzha "uye", "Y" uye "munhu".

Asi kana uchiteerera kutaura munhu anotaura Arabic, ipapo ndakanzwa mamwe mavhawero. Izvi imhaka akasiyana Misiyano emashoko mukati nzvanyira ruzha. Zvichienderana nzvanyira chiratidzo-the vocal inganzwika seyakawanda "e" (kakawanda), uye mabhii, diphthongs uye emakonzonendi anyatsonzwisisa pfuma "Haiwa" -shaped inzwi. With chiratidzo "sukun" izvozvo wakareva ane simba inzwi "e".

Sign-the vocal "uye" rinogona kushandurwa kuva "s" pamwe rakaoma nemavara, asi the vocal "Y" Kashoma anoshandura inzwi rayo kune vamwe vari dzenhoroondo Arabic, asi mune dzimwe tumitauro akawana yezwi ruzha "Haiwa".

tsamba arufabheti Arabic Vangani? Ndivo 28 uye vari zvose maererano (- "Alif" Kusara ndiyo tsamba yokutanga arufabheti). Imwe tsamba anogara akafanana chete inzwi. Somuenzaniso, tsamba "ft" (wechipiri arufabheti) anotaurwa somunhu zvakaoma ruzha "b" shoko "makwai", asi panopera shoko haana vakashamiswa (mu Russian pomuouki iziviswe se "dup", izvi hazviitiki mumutauro Arabic).

Features kunyora

Tsamba Arabic vari panzvimbo yakaoma mutsamba kunyanya beginners. Zviya, "ligature" rinoshandiswa kwete chete nokuda navaArabhu, asi vamwe Turkic avanhu, uyewo vanhu vanotaura Pashto kana Urdu. Manyorero zvachose kodzero kuruboshwe.

The chaizvo basa kunyora riri sezvinotevera:

1. zvakanyorwa Chokutanga yomunyika tsamba havafaniri munovhiya paainyora chinyoreso kubva papepa.
2. Next, wedzera zvikamu kuti vanobatanidzwa mune purogiramu tsamba, asi kuanyora pasina dzongonyedzo haashandi. Izvi zvinosanganisira nguva, kutwasuka uye oblique nemitsetse.
3. Kana zvakakodzera, anoronga nzvanyira.

Hazvibetseri kunyora tsamba neimwe zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yaro shoko. Tsamba Arabic vanowanzova mhando ina chiso (freestanding, pakutanga kana kuguma shoko, muMedhia akapiwa). Kunze rinoshanda 6 chete letters: "Alif", iro nguva dzose zvakanyorwa vachiravana, "kure", "Zal", "RA", "Zain" uye "Vanzara", izvo zvisina chokuita inotevera chiratidzo shure kwavo.

Kakawanda, vanhu vakawanda vanotanga kudzidza Arabic, verenga shoko mururimi. Ndicho chikanganiso chikuru. To nemazvo kureva mashoko Arabic anofanira kutanga kudzidza arufabheti uye mataurirwo emashoko tsamba neimwe. zvakanaka chete kudzidza arufabheti, unogona kufamba kusvika madudzirwo mashoko uye kuvakwa ezvirevo.