Anthropogenic zvinhu: mienzaniso. Ndeipi anthropogenic chikonzero?

The chikero yebasa evanhu kwakawedzera zvikuru mumakore mashoma zana apfuura, zvinoreva kuti pane zvitsva anthropogenic zvikonzero. Mienzaniso matambudziko nzvimbo uye basa vanhu vari kuchinja zvakatipoteredza - izvi zvose akazotevera munyaya.

Chii svikiro upenyu?

Part yezvakaita Pasi, iro kurarama zvinenge - ndiko dzinogarisana. Kunobva ukama ichi, mararamiro, negoho, nhamba masangano kuongorora ikoroji. Kure Musimboti zvinoumba hunhu: ivhu, mvura uye mhepo. Pane zvinenge kuti dzakashandisa kurarama chete kwezvakatipoteredza, kana vatatu, somuenzaniso, kumahombekombe zvirimwa.

Individual zvinhu kuwadzana zvipenyu uye pakati pavo, - dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Mumwe nemumwe wavo hunokosha. Asi emakore achangopfuura, yemapuraneti kukosha vari anthropogenic zvikonzero. Nepo hafu yezana remakore adarika, simba nzanga iri zvakasikwa haana kubhadhara zvakakwana nzeve, asi makore 150 akapfuura sayenzi ikoroji yaiva kwayo mucheche.

Ndezvipi zvakatipoteredza zvikonzero?

The zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinogona siyana chaizvo: nzvimbo, mashoko, simba, makemikari, okunze. Chero dzinongoitika zvinoumba mumuviri, zvemakemikari kana utachiona kwakabva - dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Ivo zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga kukanganisa munhu zvipenyu chiratidzazvizhinji hwevanhu, rose biocoenosis. Hakuna zvishoma mananara chokuita nemabasa evanhu, zvakadai nenyonganyonga. On upenyu zvipenyu, mamiriro biocenoses uye nenzvimbo butiro zvinokonzerwa dzakawanda dzevanhu zvinhu. mienzaniso:

• kuwedzera girinihausi magasi ari mumhepo kunotungamirira mamiriro ekunze;
• Monoculture kurima ndiko kuwanda yoga panomuka usachikanganisa zvinenge;
• moto kutungamirira nokuchinja chirimwa munharaunda;
• kwemiti uye kuvakwa Hydroelectric simba chechitima anochinja hurumende nzizi.

Ndezvipi zvakatipoteredza zvikonzero?

Conditions kukanganisa zvipenyu uye zvakavapoteredza, ehupfumi avo vanogona kunzi mumwe mapoka matatu:

• inorganic kana abiotic zvinhu (zuva nemwaranzi, mhepo tembiricha, mvura, mhepo, salinity);
• biotic ezvinhu chokuita sokubika mapoto zvigare, mhuka, zvinomera, zvichiita mumwe musi zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa;
• anthropogenic kwezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero - tinofanira kugara mugumisiro vomunyika pamusoro pezvisikwa.

All emapoka aya dzinokosha. Mumwe Environmental chinhu irreplaceable. Somuenzaniso, zvakawanda mvura hakuiti kuti mari inodiwa kuti chirimwa zvokudya pamusoro chicherwa zvinhu uye chiedza.

Ndeipi anthropogenic chikonzero?

Basic sainzi, kudzidza zvakatipoteredza - yose ikoroji, ikoroji kwevanhu uye hunhu kuchengetedza. Vari kwakavakirwa yokungotaura ikoroji data, zvinowanzoshandiswa Pfungwa "zvinhu evanhu". Anthropos muchiGiriki rinoreva "murume", genos rinoreva "mavambo". Shoko "chinhu" rinobva muchiLatin chinhu ( «kunoita kubereka"). Saka akadana zvinhu kukanganisa kwacho, avo pakutyaira simba.

Chero munhu kukanganisa zvipenyu, rose zvakatipoteredza - zviri zvinhu nevanhu. Mienzaniso dziripo zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Pane zviitiko zvakanaka kuchinja mamiriro muna dzezvakatipoteredza mabasa. Asi munzanga dzakawanda isakarurama, dzimwe nguva kunoparadza nezvainoita biosphere.

Nzvimbo uye basa kwevanhu chinhu kuchinja chiso Pasi

Chero mhando zvoupfumi basa chavagari kunokanganisa ukama pakati zvipenyu uye yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza, kazhinji kunotungamirira kutyora yavo. At nzvimbo dzinongoitika zvivako uye nharaunda pane murume-yakaitwa:

• minda, neminda uye minda;
• reservoirs, madziva, migero;
• mumapaki, dondo yecocoa;
• anorimwa mafuro.

On munhu-kufanana rokudzora enyika munguva yemberi anthropogenic simba, biotic uye abiotic zvikonzero kwezvakatipoteredza. Mienzaniso: The inotungamirwa mumarenje - zvokurima yecocoa; vashoma madziva.

Somunhu inobata zvisikwa?

Vanhu - chikamu biosphere Earth - pamusoro kwenguva yakareba ari chose novimba akapoteredza ezvinhu dzezvakatipoteredza. With kukura tsinga, kunyanya uropi, nokuda kuvandudzika midziyo basa murume pachake rava kukonzera shanduka nedzimwe pezvakaitwa Panyika. Chekutanga zvose zvakafanira kutaura ugone zvemaziso, zvemagetsi uye renyukireya. Somugumisiro, yekudyidzana zvakachinja rokumusoro chikamu goko, vakawedzera biogenic yokutama maatomu.

All kusiyana kwenzanga ekushandiswa zvakatipoteredza - uyu zvinhu nevanhu. Mienzaniso pakufurira:

• kuderera kwemitambo chicherwa reserves;
• kuparadzwa;
• ivhu kusviba;
• okuvhimisa uye hove;
• kuparadzwa yomusango kwemarudzi.

Positive kwevanhu nezvainoita biosphere wakabatana kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengetedzwa matanho. It abudisa reforestation uye muti pakudyara, mapindu uye kuwedzera nemisha dzevanhu, acclimatization én mhuka (mhuka, shiri, hove).

Chii chiri kuitwa kuvandudza ukama pakati murume uye biosphere?

The pamusoro mienzaniso nevanhu zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, kupindira kwevanhu zvakasikwa kunoratidza kuti matambudziko zvingava zvakanaka kana asina. maitiro ava zvimiso, nekuti kubatsirawo kana achinja zvinhu kazhinji kunova ayo zvakashandurwa, kureva. E. Anotora pamusoro nezvacho. Mabasa vemo kazhinji anoita kukuvadza nechisikirwo pane kubatsira. Izvi rinotsanagurwa kutyorwa kwemitemo zvakasikwa, huripo mamiriyoni emakore.

Kare muna 1971 pamusoro United Nations Educational, Scientific, uye Cultural Organization (UNESCO) akabvumirwa neInternational Biological Program, yaiti "Murume Biosphere". Its chikuru basa raiva kudzidza uye kudzivirira yaivhuvhuta kuchinja zvakatipoteredza. Mumakore achangopfuura, mukuru uye masangano zvezvakatipoteredza vana, zvedzidzo zvikoro chaizvo hanya kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu.

How kuvandudza utano kwezvakatipoteredza?

Takazoziva chii anthropogenic chinhu ikoroji, zvipenyu, jogirafi sayenzi vamwe. Ona kuti zvakanaka munzanga yevanhu, upenyu chipo uye ramangwana zvizvarwa kuvimba unhu uye kwechirwere upfumi basa zvakatipoteredza. Zvakakodzera kuderedza zvakatipoteredza pangozi chokuita kuwedzera basa akaipa anthropogenic zvinhu pamusoro.

Maererano nevaongorori, kunyange kuchengetedza razvo hakusi rakakwana nechokwadi utano kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvingava vanoshorwa muupenyu hwevanhu panguva yayo zvapfuura zvipenyu, asi simba nemwaranzi, zvemakemikari uye mamwe marudzi kusvibiswa.

Pachena kubatana pakati utano hunhu, murume uye ukuru vasisanetswi anthropogenic zvinhu. Kuti kuderedza zvavo inokanganisa kunodiwa kuti vaumbe mafungiro matsva kune zvakatipoteredza, mutoro dzakachengeteka kuvapo mhuka zvipenyu.