Quantum kutaurirana muzviito - description, zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Quantum Physics inopa neitsva nzira kudzivirira mashoko. Nei kudiwa, kunze zvino hazvibviri kuvaka yakachengeteka kukurukurirana mugero? Chokwadi, unogona. Asi quantum makombiyuta zvakasikwa, uye nguva pazvinenge ubiquitous, ano encryption algorithms hazvibatsiri, sezvo makombiyuta aya simba anogona kutsemuka navo mahwanda rwechipiri. Quantum dzezvokukurukurirana unokubvumira encrypt ruzivo vachishandisa photons - chinokosha inoramba.

makombiyuta izvi, angadaro ari quantum gwara, nzira imwe kana mumwe ichachinja ino mamiriro photon. Zvino kuedza kuwana mashoko zvichiguma kukuvara. The date kuchinjirwa kumhanya ndiko Zvechokwadi, dererei tichienzanisa nedzimwe huripo pari migero, hwakadai sokupupurira norunhare basa. Asi quantum kutaurirana inopa yakakwirira zvikuru pamwero kuchengeteka. Izvi, Chokwadi, mumwe ndinoiitawo guru chaizvo. Kunyanya munyika yanhasi, apo cyber kwemhosva kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva.

Quantum kutaurirana nokuti "dummies"

Kana kuti hangaiwa yave kwaidarika kubudikidza teregirafu zvaizoitawo kwakatsiva redhiyo teregirafu. Chokwadi, nhasi, achigere kwese, asi pakanga vamwe ruzivo ano. Just makore gumi apfuura, Indaneti haana kupararira sezvo vari nhasi, uye kuwana yaigona kuwana zvakaoma - aifanira kuenda paIndaneti netsvimbo, kutenga makadhi inodhura kwazvo, etc. Nhasi, hatidi kurarama awa chete, uye vanotarisira vakasununguka Internet .. 5G.

Asi kamwe itsva kukurukurirana mureza haangatenderi kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kusangana sangano umbowo mukutsinhana kushandisa Internet, vanogamuchira mashoko kubva satellites ari misha dzimwe mapuraneti, uye zvichingodaro .. mashoko ose aya anofanira kuchengetedzwa. Uye sangano, unogona kushandisa anonzi quantum yakatokura.

Chii quantum kukurukurirana? Nokuti "Dummies" anotsanangura Fani iyi sezvo akwirwe dzakasiyana quantum unhu. It anoramba kunyange kana nezvimedu vanoparadzaniswa mumwe nokuda kure guru. Encrypted ndokuipfuudza kushandisa quantum yakatokura kiyi, haripi chero anokosha ezvakaitika hackers, vanoedza gamha nayo. All vanowana - zviri dzimwe nhamba sezvo hurongwa wehurumende nokuda zvokunze kupindira, izvozvo achashandurwa.

Asi kusika nyika akatadza Data yedzimudzangara hurongwa, sezvo makumi mashomanana makiromita, chiratidzo Zvaparara. The kwomwedzi, yakatanga kufamba muna 2016, zvichabatsira kuti pave zano quantum anokosha hutachiwana kure kupfuura 7 zviuru. Km.

Kuedza kutanga anobudirira kushandisa kubatana itsva

The dzakati kuti quantum cryptography yokutanga agamuchirwa 1984. Nhasi, ruzivo urwu rave kushandiswa zvinobudirira rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura. Anozivikanwa makambani vakatanga kupa cryptosystem yavo.

Quantum kutaurirana linked unotakurwa pamusoro mureza internet optic waya. In Russian yokutanga yakachengeteka gwara rakanga sandwiched pakati nezvikamu "Gazpromabanka" muNew Cheryomushki uye Cow mugodhi. Vose kureba 30.6 km yedzimudzangara zvikanganiso kuitika kiyi, asi avo kubva muzana iri shoma - 5 chete%.

China yakatanga kukurukurirana Satellite quantum

kwomwedzi kwakadaro kutanga kwenyika kwakatangwa muna China. Rocket Long March-2D vatanga musi August 16 2016, pamwe chete cosmodrome Tszyu-Quán. makirogiramu 600 kwomwedzi achava 2 nemakore nhunzi kuti zuva-synchronous muchadenga, kukwirira 310 (makiromita kana 500 km) pasi "quantum kwakaita yepasi pose pose." Circulation Nguva midziyo kumativi Pasi akaenzana maawa rimwe nehafu.

Satellite quantum kutaurirana inonzi Micius, kana "Mo-ZI", vachikudza muzivi, vaigara V remakore AD uye, sezvo vakawanda, kutanga kuitwa Manyiminya kuedza. Masayendisiti ari kuenda kudzidza mashandiro ose quantum yakatokura uye mubatirire quantum teleportation pakati Satellite uye murabhoritari muna Tibet.

Yokupedzisira transmits ari quantum mamiriro PARTICIPLE pedyo kure zvakafanorongwa. Nokuti kuzadziswa izvi tinoda peya angapingirishwa (nemamwe mazwi, akabatanidza) inoramba kuti vari kure nomumwe. Maererano quantum wefizikisi, vanokwanisa andobata ruzivo pamusoro mamiriro ari mumwe, kunyange kana uri kure nomumwe. Zvinokwanisika itibatsire PARTICIPLE, riri munzvimbo yakadzika nzvimbo, kushanda kwake mumwe, iye chinotevera murabhoritari.

The kwomwedzi achasika angapingirishwa photons maviri uzvitumire kuna Earth. Kana kuedza chichabudirira, zvichava kutanga kwenguva itsva. Hwakawanda satellites izvi vachakwanisa kwete chete kupa ubiquitous quantum Internet, asiwo quantum kukurukurirana nzvimbo ramangwana misha musi Mars uye mwedzi.

Nei tichida shamwari dzakadaro

Asi nei tichifanira kuva Satellite quantum kukurukurirana? Ko aripo kwakajairika satellites hakuna kukwana? Chokwadi chokuti satellites izvi hamungandivambi kutsiva purogiramu. Nheyo quantum kutaurirana ndiko encode uye kudzivirira aripo kwakajairika mashoko enhema. Uchibatsirwa kwayo Somuenzaniso, kare anopa kuchengeteka panguva sarudzo dzeparamende muna 2007 muSwitzerland.

Non-haibatsiri tsvakurudzo sangano Battelle Memorial Institute, anoita kupanana ruzivo pakati mumahofisi iri US (Ohio) uye muIreland (muDublin) kushandisa quantum yakatokura. Zvinotaurwa Its kwakavakirwa kwemaitiro photons - chinokosha tudonhwe chiedza. Uchibatsirwa wavo, mashoko ari encoded uye akatumirwa kuenda. Tichingotarisa, kunyange yakarurama zvikuru kuedza kupindira, siya chiratidzo. Quantum anokosha shanduko kunoda kushanda pakarepo, uye Hacker akaedza kugamuchira maturo hunhu yakatarwa. Naizvozvo, vose Data zvichabviswa chinopfuudzwa nomukombiyuta kukurukurirana migero, hazvibviri gamha kana kopi.

The kwomwedzi chichabatsira masayendisiti kuti vaedze kiyi kuparadzira pakati pasi yemapurisa uye Satellite pacharo.

Quantum kukurukurirana China achaita chinozoiswa kuburikidza internet optic netambo, zvachose kureba 2 zviuru. Km uye kubatanidza 4 maguta Shanghai kuna Beijing. Series photons nokusingaperi haigoni kuchinjwa, uye mukuru daro pakati nhepfenyuro, dzakanga mukana kuti mashoko richakanganisika.

Pashure kuenda chinhambo, izvozvo attenuates chiratidzo, uye masayendisiti, kuti tirambe kwakarurama kupararira data, tinoda nzira chiratidzo kuti update pashure ose 100 km. Munguva netambo kunokwanisika nokushandisa nekusimba zvinoriumba, iyo inoongorora kiyi iri kutevedzerwa kune photons itsva uye hakugumiri.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Muna 1984, Jean Brassard reMontreal University uye Charles Bennett pamusoro IBM akataura kuti photons inogona kushandiswa cryptography nokuda yakachengeteka inokosha gwara. Vakasarudza nyore Zano redistribution ose quantum cryptographic makiyi, yainzi BB84.

zano iri anoshandisa quantum gwara pamusoro iyo mashoko chinopfuudzwa pakati vanoshandisa maviri ari muchimiro inobudisa quantum inoti. Anonzwa Hacker zvavo vanogona kuedza kuyera photons, asi haagoni kuzviita, sezvakanyorwa pamusoro, haasi achivaita kusarurama. Muna 1989, ivo Research Centre IBM Brassard uye Bennett ndakasika nyika yokutanga kushanda quantum cryptographic hurongwa.

Chii chiri Manyiminya quantum cryptographic maitiro (Cox)

Basic tehharakteristiki Coke (kukanganisa zvazvingava, mashoko zvazvingava, etc.) vari kunorondedzerwa parameters mugero Anoumba zvinhu izvo dzinoumba wokushandura uye akayera quantum inoti. Yemanyorero Coke une kugamuchira uye kuparadzira zvikamu zviri zvakabatanidzwa hutachiwana chiteshi.

Sources nemwaranzi vari muzvikamu 3 makirasi:

• lasers;
• microlasers;
• chiedza-emitting diodes.

For Manyiminya chiratidzo yedzimudzangara svikiro rinoshandiswa senzira internet optic LEDs, mubatanidzwa mu netambo dzakasiyana zvakagadzirwa.

Nature vanzurudzo quantum kutaurirana

Vakapfuura vachibva anonongedzera umo mashoko zvitange iri encoded pulses vane zviuru photons kune zviratidzo izvo rimwe kupomba, paavhareji, vane zvishoma pane kubatana mitemo quantum kuva vanobudirira. Ndicho kushandiswa kwemitemo iyi dzekare cryptography anobvumira kusvika zvakavanzika.

Kusanyatsoziva Principle Heisenberg zvaishandiswa quantum-cryptographic mano uye nokuda kwayo, chero kuedza kuchinja mune quantum ino kuchinja kwariri, uye inotungamirwa kunokonzerwa kuyerwa yakadaro, nokupiwa divi akatsunga kuva venhema.

Anoita quantum cryptography 100% zvinovimbisa pamusoro umbavha?

In dzidziso rinopa, asi hwokugadzira mhinduro havasi zvachose zvakavimbika. Hackers Matotanga kushandisa Laser danda, zvavakaita dazzle quantum michina, pashure vasisipo kupindura quantum ehupfumi ose photons. Dzimwe nguva akashandisa multi-photon manyuko, uye vavengi vanogona kuwana mukana zvakaitika mumwe wavo uye kuyera zvakafanana.