Anoshanda pamusoro hondo. Mabasa Great Patriotic War. Enganonyorwa, pfupi nyaya, essays

Emakore kutiparadzanisa munhamo zvakaitika 1941-45, asi dingindira kwevanhu munguva Great Patriotic War havazombokundikani kuti kukosha kwayo. Izvi zvinofanira kugara kurangarirwa kuti njodzi yakadaro haana chinoitika zvakare.

A rinokosha pakuchengetedza nhoroondo ndangariro ndohwaJehovha vanyori, pamwe chete navanhu vakaona kutya hondo uye akakwanisa zvechokwadi kuuratidza mumabasa avo. Tenzi mashoko ari vayambuka zvachose akakurumbira okuti: ". Kana cannons kutaura, afungisisa anoti haatauri"

Works mabhuku pamusoro hondo: huru yakareba, Genres, vatambi

Vanotyisa nhau June 22, 1941 marwadzo mumwoyo vose Soviet vanhu, uye vokutanga kupindura vanyori uye vadetembi mukadzi. Kupfuura makumi maviri, musoro hondo rava guru mabhuku yeSoviet.

mabasa ekutanga pamusoro dingindira hondo vakazadzwa marwadzo nokuda njodzi yacho uye azere kutsunga chokudzivirira rusununguko. Vanyori vakawanda pakarepo akaenda mberi somunhu dzomupepanhau, uye vaiva enhoroondo zviitiko pasina kunonoka akasika mabasa avo. Chokutanga chakanga operative, pfupi Genres: nhetembo, nyaya pfupi, essays uye journalistic nyaya. Vakanga vachitarisira kuzodzosera kuverenga zvose shure uye mberi.

Nokufamba kwenguva, nezvibereko zvomunda hondo zvakatonyanya voluminous, vakanga vagara nyaya, mitambo, enganonyorwa, vatambi uyo akasimba mumweya vanhu: varwi nyore uye navatariri, vabati muminda uye mafekitari. Pashure Victory anotanga rethinking ruzivo: Vanyori rondedzero mabasa kuedza kuratidza rapanzvimbo munhoroondo nenjodzi.

Mukupera okuma50 - kuma60 mabasa ari dingindira hondo kunyora "mudiki" Vanyori-vakamborwa vaiva yepamusoro uye vakapfuura zvose matambudziko murwi upenyu. Panguva ino, hapana vanonzi "prose namachinda makuru '" zvichaitirwa zuro wacho vakomana pakarepo vanozviwana vari chiso rufu.

"Simuka, nyika huru ..."

Zvichida kwete kuwana munhu muRussia uyo asingadi kuziva mashoko uye nziyo ose vanopinza "Hondo Tsvene". rwiyo urwu akatanga kuyeuka inotyisa nhau uye akava anthem nevaAnabaptist rudzi kwemakore ose mana. Pazuva hondo muredhiyo wechitatu wakaridza nhetembo Lebedev-tsvuku bunting. Papera vhiki vakanga anoitwa kurira A. Alexandrov. To machemero nziyo, vakazadzwa zvinoshamisa uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye zvaiita kudhonza kubva mweya vanhu Russian, akaenda pamberi wokutanga echelon. Mune mumwe wavo paiva neimwe nyanduri akakurumbira - Surkov. It zvake haana zvishoma akakurumbira "Rwiyo vakashinga" uye "Mumazuva dugout."

Gone ndivo vadetembi Konstantin Simonov hondo ( "Munoyeuka, Alyosha, Smolensk mugwagwa ..." "Mirira ini"), Yu Drunina ( "Zina", "Zvino sei pakarepo vatora simba ..."), A. Twardowski ( "Ndakauraya pasi Rzhev ") uye vamwe vakawanda. mabasa avo vari azadzwa kwokurwadziwa hondo yevanhu, nehanya kutapwa kwenyika uye nokutenda kusingazununguki mukukunda. Uye kuyeuka kumba kwako uye vakagaramo nevadiwa, muchitenda nomufaro uye nesimba rudo anogona kusika chishamiso. Masoja aiziva pavo mwoyo nhetembo uye kuverenga (kana anoimba) iri pfupi nguva pakati hondo. Izvi zvinopa tariro uye kubatsirwa kuti vararame munyika yaigara mumamiriro ezvinhu.

"Bhuku iri murwi"

A nzvimbo inokosha pakati mabasa zvakasikwa munguva yehondo, akatora munhetembo Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". Iye - zvakananga uchapupu zvose zvaifanira kuenda kuburikidza nyore Russian musoja.

The protagonist - iri mufananidzo seboka, izvo rinosanganisa zvakanaka unhu dzose musoja Soviet: ushingi uye ushingi, kuda kumira kusvika pakuguma, ushingi, vanhu uye panguva imwecheteyo inoshamisa simba, iyo anoramba kunyange pakutarisana norufu. Munyori pachake akapinda kubudikidza hondo sezvinoita wenhau, saka aiziva kuti akanga aona uye vakanzwa vanhu muhondo. Twardowski chigadzirwa kunorondedzerwa "chiyero munhu", sekutaura kwakaita mudetembi, rugare wake rwepfungwa, risingagoni uchaputswa ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru.

"Zvinoita kuti, Ishe!" - nokureurura aimbova musungwa yehondo

Iye akarwa pamberi uye yaiva muutapwa munyori Konstantin Vorobyov. Noruzivo mumisasa uye akava hwaro nyaya, yakatanga muna 1943. The protagonist, Sergey Kostrov, anotaura dzokutambudzwa chaiye wegehena, kuburikidza akanga kuenda naye uye ake mamwe masoja vakabatwa nevaNazi (masanga kuti mumwe mumisasa ainzi "Rufu Valley"). People, taneta mumuviri uye mupfungwa, asi havana kurasa kutenda uye vanhu, kunyange vanhu vakaipa nguva hwake, kuonekwa mumapeji basa.

About hondo akanyora zvakawanda, asi vanyori shoma pane utongi hwechiFascist ari kuudzwa zvichaitirwa vasungwa vehondo. K. Vorobiev wakagona kubva nemiedzo ayo vakaigadzira nehana yakachena, kudavira kururamisira uye rusingaperi nokuda Motherland. Rusununguko chete unhu wemagamba ake. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya haisati yapera, V. Astafjevs zvakarurama akataura kuti nenzira iyi kuva "musi iwoyo pasherefu pamwe Classics."

"Muhondo, vanhu vanoziva ... zvechokwadi"

The kutekenyedzwa chaiyo uye akava nyaya "In pemigero pamusoro Stalingrad" munyori-musoja Nekrasov. Rakadhindwa muna 1946, rikarova zhinji realism hunoshamisa mufananidzo hondo. Varwi ekare ichi vakava ndangariro anotyisa, hapana akafukidzwa zviitiko zvavakamboona. Avo vasina pamberi, ndaverengazve nyaya uye vakashamiswa frankness nako akaudzwa pamusoro zvinotyisa hondo Stalingrad muna 1942. The chikuru ndechokuti kuzivikanwa munyori basa hondo 1941-1945 - ndechokuti afumura anoita vanhu chokwadi, uye vakaratidza kukosha kwavo kwechokwadi.

Simba Russian hunhu - danho kukunda

Makore 12 pashure nokukunda kukuru akauya nyaya Sholokhov. zita rake - "The Fate womunhu" - yokufananidzira: pamberi pedu zvakazara kuedzwe uye utsinye kutambura noupenyu zvavo mutyairi. Kubva pamazuva hondo yokutanga Sokolov ari hondo. Nokuti makore 4, akaenda kuburikidza nokutapwa hwakatsetseka, kwete kamwe kufamba vava kuda rufu. Zviito zvose ake - chapupu kusingazununguki kushinga, kuda nyika, nemishonga. Tichidzokera kumba, akaona chete madota - ndiko zvose zvakanga zvasara musha wake nemhuri. Asi kunyange pano gamba akakwanisa kutsungirira nokurohwa; muduku Vanya, waakanga anodzivirira, akafemera upenyu maari uye akapa tariro. Saka kutarisira nherera mukomana rakagomadzwa marwadzo dzavo kuchema.

Nyaya "The Fate womunhu", uyewo mamwe mabasa hondo, akaratidza simba wechokwadi uye runako vanhu Russian, kukwanisa kukurira chero zvipingamupinyi.

Hazvinyaradzi nyore kuti munhu

V. Kondratiev - munyori-musoja. nganonyorwa ake "Sasha", rakabudiswa muna 1979, kubva dzinonzi namachinda makuru 'prose. It unvarnished zvinoratidza upenyu nevakawanda musoja, abatwa inopisa hondo pedyo Rzhev. Pasinei chokwadi kuti izvi achiri jaya - mwedzi miviri chete pamberi, akakwanisa kugara kuremekedzwa kwevanhu uye asingauyi kushayiwa. Kukunda kutya rufu, vachitarisira anozombobuda muhero, umo makanga, haana kwekanguva kufunga nezvako kana totaura hwevamwe. vanhu vake runooneka kunyange pachinhu imwe unarmed musungwa nokuda vokuGermany, umo akanga asingatenderwi kupfura hana. Mabasa uri hondo, kufanana "Sasha", rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo nyore uye ushingi vakomana kuita nesimba tsika sarudzo muna pemigero uye chakaoma kunzwisisa ukama nevamwe uye nokudaro kusarudza njodzi yayo uye vose vanhu muhondo iyi ropa.

Yeuka kurarama ...

vadetembi zhinji uye vanyori havana kudzoka kubva Battlefields. Vamwe vakaenda kuburikidza kurutivi hondo pamwe chete nemasoja. Vaiva zvapupu vanhu ingozvibatai sei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Vamwe kusiya pachavo kana kushandisa chero nzira yokupukunyuka. Vamwe tagadzirira kufa, asi kwete kurasikirwa nokuzviremekedza.

Anoshanda pamusoro pehondo 1941-1945 - kupangidza zvaakaona, vachiedza kuratidza ushingi uye heroism vanhu akanotaura kudzivirira Motherland dzavo, zvose chiyeuchidzo mupenyu kutambura uye kuparadza rinobereka kutamburira simba uye nyika kutonga.