Anenge apa wacho anoderedzerwa-acceptor chisungo: Mienzaniso zvinhu

Anenge apa wacho anoderedzerwa-acceptor chisungo, kana batanidza chisungo - imwe mhando covalent chisungo. Ziva zvinoita zviri ichi mhando kukurukurirana, tinopa mienzaniso achiratidza inotungamirwa kwayo.

covalent chisungo

Chokutanga, sarudza nevamwe zviri akawanda covalent namakemikari chisungo.

Zvingava polar neasiri polar, zvichienderana nzvimbo Erekitironi vaviri pakati maatomu. Kana pane zvishomanana kuchinja kuti Erekitironi arambe achirema nenzira imwe maatomu kunoitika polar covalent namakemikari chisungo. A yakafanana Fani zvinogoneka nokuumbwa chisungo pakati vasiri nesimbi, kuva akasiyana electronegativity. Kana unomutswa, chinokosha kuchinja zviri Erekitironi vaviri nenzira imwe atomu rurefu indekisi yacho eo. Kana paumbwe chisungo pakati vasiri nesimbi muchiva kukosha electronegativity haana kuchengetwa kusuduruka peya maerekitironi, akwirwe yakadaro inonzi nonpolar.

Miyenzaniso okisijeni, sehydrogen, ozone uye phosphorus. Polar chisungo chiri hydrochloric acid, mvura, amoniya.

Pane rinokosha rokuti, nemhaka iyo inogona dzinoratidzwa nokuwanda Erekitironi nomwe dziri kuumbwa pakati maatomu.

Akapiwa kuti paumbwe akwirwe kunoda maerekitironi vaviri vachava kutaurirana matatu pakati senitrogen maatomu, i.e. ari multiplicity anoenderana matatu. Anenge apa wacho anoderedzerwa-acceptor chisungo - ndiyo nyaya chaiyo iri polar covalent chisungo, asi zvinofungirwa intermolecular kusakarongeka pakati zvinhu.

Zviri mashandiro

Kuumba kwakajairika covalent chisungo yakakwana kusakarongeka pakati maerekitironi maviri (zvachose vaviri vaviri). Anenge apa wacho anoderedzerwa-acceptor chisungo inoumbwa kwemakemikari kuburikidza peya maerekitironi kubva kurutivi rumwe (kubva anyatsoronga), isina (akasununguka) pamusoro orbital romumwe atomu (acceptor). Kana covalent polar (non-polar) uye kutaurirana nomupi-acceptor kudyidzana pakati maerekitironi vazova nevakawanda.

Education Ammonium nokuo- nga

Sezvazvakanyorwa akaumba pamusoro anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo? Mienzaniso zvinhu zvakapiwa mukufamba chesekondari kemisitiri, dzisina Ammonium nokuo- nga. Ngationgororei izvozvo zvimwe dzidzo.

Nitrogen, chikamu amoniya morekuru rechishanu boka (chikuru subgroup) periodic table. On rayo simba pamwero muri maerekitironi shanu. In paumbwe amoniya mamorekuru mu covalent linkage polar senitrogen anopedza maerekitironi matatu, saka Erekitironi vaviri, iyo isingataurwi mumabasa akadaro kwacho, anoramba tsva.

Zvakanga iye uyo akamupa kodzero kushandisa zvivako zviri anyatsoronga apo pedyo amoniya mamorekuru pamwe dipoles mvura. In mvura pa rehydrogen nokuo- nga nokuzvidya Erekitironi kwavo, saka akava ehupfumi acceptor.

Panguva iyoyo kana amoniya mamorekuru pedyo zvokuti hydrogen protons kubva mumvura, senitrogen gore rine maerekitironi maviri anotendeuka mu kukwezvana rehydrogen nokuo- nga, zvinovawo zvakajairika kwavari. Zvinoguma paumbwe tetravalent kubatana pakati senitrogen uye rehydrogen zvinofungirwa anyatsoronga-acceptor mashandiro. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi chaiwo muenzaniso paumbwe chisungo.

Education oxonium nokuo- nga

In zvezvaidzidziswa chikoro (chikuru pamwero) hakunganzi oxonium cations (hydronium), sezvo Protolytic nezvedzidziso zvinogadzirisa anodzidzwa chete panguva Profile pamwero. Sezvo pane rinoshandiswawo anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo, mienzaniso yaro inotungamirwa kunyatsoongorora.

Sezvo anyatsoronga muchiitiko ichi achaita somunhu mvura Morekuru, uye rinoratidza kuti zvivako hwepurotoni acceptor. Viewed anyatsoronga-acceptor mashandiro - inonzi mujinga kemisitiri kunzwisisa yeimwe, uye saka akakodzera vainyatsotarisirwa. Anotsanangura musimboti dzidziso electrolytic disintegration acids, munyu, nezvigadziko, kana zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura cations uye anions.

Kana kuyambuka kwakadaro kunoitika wakakodzera permeation akasungwa maerekitironi kuruvazhe goko pamusoro linkable maatomu. Saka kuwedzera kwenhamba maerekitironi kuruvazhe anoshongwa imwe.

Chechipiri algorithm chisungo inotungamirwa

Pane imwe mashandiro naro vakaumba anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo. Mienzaniso nekuita kwakadaro izhinji, chidimbu paumbwe simbi fluorides. Pane kushandisa peya maerekitironi kubva mumwe aite maatomu. Somugumisiro, mumwe atomu anowedzera kuti vaifanira yakawanda ganda ravo, asi uchaitwa chikamu, kwete zvose maerekitironi sere, chete mumwe chikamu vavo. maerekitironi avo dzisina munyaya, anonzi akasununguka, uye achibatsirwa nevamwe uye kuumba anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo. Mienzaniso yakadaro dzakasiyana anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo inotungamirwa anoenderana fluorides panyika alkali uye alkaline simbi. Somuenzaniso, akagadzirira zvakafanana yavaibvisa fluoride, potassium, calcium yakawanda.

Chiizve kwakasiyana anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo? Tinogona kusiyanisa kugadzikana yeimwe anomuka nokuda zvakafanana zvigadziriswe pakati inotungamirwa makemikari. Somuenzaniso, pokutaura mumvura rehydrogen fluoride, ukama huri pakati amoniya uye aruminiyamu chloride, zvinoita kuti paumbwe kunzwisisa yeimwe.

mhedziso

Akapiwa ushe anyatsoronga-acceptor kudyidzana, cherechedza kuti inert magasi kunogona kuita kutoshanda vaipa, sezvo rokunze goko vane kunonyanyisa mari maerekitironi. Experimentally mashoko aya kwave yakasimbiswa zvakakwana uye akazivisa oxides inert magasi chakaumbwa nomupi-acceptor mukukurukurirana.

mhando iyi covalent chisungo ndicho chatinonyanya kukoshesa muupenyu hwevanhu. Kuwedzera kune kutora mukana muupenyu hwayo nokuda anyatsoronga-acceptor chisungo anogona kusika zvokudya-siyana gadziriro inogadzira mishonga. Somuenzaniso, paumbwe mashandiro kunokurukurwa pamusoro Inoona Ammonium nokuo- nga paumbwe amoniya zvinowanzodavirwa inoshandiswa mukurapa ano.