Akawana magetsi? Ubanguranyika uye kuwanikidza

Zvakaoma kuwana munhu asingadi kuva kujairana magetsi. Asi kuwana munhu anoziva nhoroondo chichikosha, kwakaoma zvikuru. Akawana magetsi? Chii chinoita izvi?

A zvishoma pamusoro magetsi

Pfungwa yokuti "magetsi" zvinoreva chimiro inofamba kwenyaya, vakafukidza Chiitiko chokuvapo uye nekuita kuti mhosva inoramba. Izwi akazviratidza muna 1600 kubva pashoko "Erekitironi", iro rinoshandurudza kubva muchiGiriki se "rinopenya". Muvambi pfungwa iyi - William Gilbert - vanhu vakaona magetsi muEurope.

Pfungwa iyi ndiko kunonyanya kwete hazvizivi kuvamba, kutanga chokuita pfuma vamwe miviri. Saka, mubvunzo "Ndiani pachena magetsi?" - The Mhinduro hakusi nyore kudaro. Zvakasikwa, chinoratidza pacharo iri muchimiro mheni, kwakakonzerwa mhosva siyana okumusoro akaturikidzana zviri kuitika panyika.

Chinhu chinokosha kuti vanhu nemhuka, nekuti basa tsinga rinoitwa kuburikidza magetsi nomunhu. Vamwe hove dzakadai stingrays uye eels chamutsa magetsi kuti kugadzirwa kana kuparadzwa navavengi. Zvirimwa zvakawanda, dzakadai Venus flytrap, Mimosa pudica, uyewo vanokwanisa kubereka magetsi discharges.

Akawana magetsi?

Pane kubvuma kuti vanhu vakadzidza magetsi in Ancient China uye India. Zvisinei, hapana zvinosimbisa ichi. More yakavimbika kufunga kuti wawanikwa kunofambira mberi magetsi, musayendisiti Greek Thales.

Aiva Nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye muzivi, vaigara muguta paMireto, vanenge VI-V remakore BC. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Thales vakaona rinopenya pfuma yokukwezva zvinhu zviduku, zvakadai dzakafanana kana bvudzi kana chokuzora ake yeshinda jira. No kushandiswa anoshanda kune Chiitiko asina kuwanikwa, uye iye akasiyiwa asina hanya.

Muna 1600, wokuEngland William Gilbert rinobudisa basa iri rinobva miviri, zvinova zvine chokuita hunhu remagineti nemagetsi ari, uye anopa uchapupu hwokuti electrostatically mhosva, kuwedzera rinopenya kungava, uye nezvimwe zvicherwa akadai hiakindi, ametesti, nedhaimani, zvesafiro. Muviri aigona electrostatically mhosva musayendisiti vaimudana Electricians, uye pfuma pachayo - magetsi. Ndiye wokutanga akataura kuti mheni inobatanidzwa magetsi.

magetsi kuedza

Pashure pokutsvakurudza Gilbert ari munzvimbo iyi inogarwa wokuGermany Mayor Otto von Guericke. Iye Zvisinei, uye akanga asiri munhu wokutanga yakawanikwa magetsi, achiri kukwanisa kufurira nzira munhoroondo nesayenzi. Otto aiva munyori ane muchina electrostatic kuti sechigaro sulfuric Kukosa bhora iri resimbi netsvimbo. With kuvamba ichi, takazoziva kuti yakafadza mitumbi haagoni chete kukwezva, asiwo vamutye. tsvakurudzo meya akaumba hwaro electrostatics.

Izvi zvakateverwa dzakatevedzana zvidzidzo, kusanganisira kushandisa imwe electrostatic muchina. Steven Gray muna 1729 kwakachinja Guericke mudziyo, kutsiva sarufa bhora girazi, uye akaramba kuedza, vawana Chiitiko kuti magetsi conductivity. Papera chinguva Sharl Dyufe anoona paine mhando mbiri muripo - kubva girazi uye kubva Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti.

Muna 1745 Pieter Van Musschenbroek uye Jürgen of Kleist, mvura vachifungidzira rinoungana kupomera, kuumba "Leyden mudziyo" - zvenyika yokutanga capacitor. Benjamin Franklin anoti rinoungana mhosva haisi mvura, uye girazi. Iyewo rokuti "pamwe" uye "kubvisa" nokuda yemagetsi vebasa, "capacitor", "mutariri" uye "kondakita".

Zvakawanikwa zvikuru

Pakupera ari XVIII remakore, magetsi ari kuva chakakura chinhu kudzidza. Zvino, kungotarira pakudzidza pezvakaitwa simba uye kudyidzana pakati inoramba. Pachikuva paine magetsi.

Muna 1791, Galvani akati kuvapo vasiri magetsi, riri aripo tsandanyama zvemhuka. Akanga ichiteverwa Alessandro Volta akazogadzira electrochemical sero - voltaic murwi. Rakanga kwaibva wokutanga zvakananga ano. Nokudaro, Volta - musayendisiti akawana magetsi zvakare, nokuti kuvamba ake aiva kutanga hunobatsira uye multifunctional kushandisa magetsi.

Muna 1802 zvinotora isa kuvhurika munhu voltaic chinhu chakakombama Vasiliem Petrovym. Antuan Nolle electroscope anosika uye rinoongorora mugumisiro magetsi ari zvipenyu. Uye muna 1809, ari yefizikisi Delarue akazogadzira incandescent rambi.

Next, kudzidza kubatana pakati remagineti uye magetsi. On tsvakurudzo basa Ohm, Lenz, Gauss, Ampere, gst boces, Faraday. Last akasika wokutanga simba remagetsi uye electric motor, anovhura mutemo electrolysis uye remagetsi induction.

In XX remakore, magetsi ari zvakare mumabasa tsvakurudzo Maxwell (dzidziso pamusoro remagetsi mananara), Curie (yakawanikwa piezoelectricity), Thomson (akaziva Erekitironi), uye vamwe vakawanda.

mhedziso

Chokwadi, hatigoni kutaura chokwadi akawana magetsi chaizvoizvo. Fani iyi iripo mune zvakasikwa, uye zvinokwanisika kuti akarivhura pamberi Thales. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda, dzakadai William Gilbert, Otto von Guericke, Volta uye Galvani, Ohm, Ampere, zvechokwadi vakabatsira upenyu hwedu nhasi.