Sei capacitors? capacitor kubatanidza

Electric capacitor - iri zano kuti anogona kuchengeta mutariri uye yemagetsi munda simba. Kumboda inoitwa peya conductors (electrodes) vakaparadzana ne dielectric rukoko. Pakukora ari dielectric anogara raenzaniswa kukura kwamahwendefa. In yemagetsi rinoenderana matunhu capacitor runotaurwa 2 kutwasuka inofambirana zvikamu (II).

Basic parameter uye chikwata

Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha kuti rinotsanangura capacitor. Mumwe wavo - ndiko kugona kwayo (rechiLatin tsamba C), uye wechipiri - yacho uchishandisa voltage (Latin U). Electrical capacitance (kana mudziyo) muna SI ino kunoonekwa mune farads (F). Uye sezvo chikwata inokwana 1 farad - zvizhinji - anenge asina kushandiswa uchidzidzira. Somuenzaniso, yemagetsi zvawakarairwa Pasi microfarads 710 chete. Naizvozvo, zvemagetsi capacitance kuti capacitors kakawanda akayera mu nomukaka zviri farad tsika: mu picofarads (PF) pa chidukuduku ukoshi capacitance (1pF = 1 / June ¹⁰ uF) mu microfarads (uF) kuti zvakakwana guru ukoshi hwayo (1 F = 1 / June ¹⁰ F). Kuverenga magetsi capacitance, zvinokosha kuti zviparadzanise uwandu muripo vaunganidza pakati electrodes, vanokwanisa musiyano panguva pakati module (capacitor voltage). Nokubatira capacitor mune iyi - iri kupomera rinoungana rimwe mahwendefa mudziyo mune mubvunzo. Nokuti 2 conductors ari mudziyo ndivo chete vari nokukura asi zvisingapindirani chiratidzo, saka mari yavo inogara kuenzana razero. Nokubatira capacitor unotaurwa coulombs (Cl), uye akasarudzwa netsamba Q.

The voltage pamusoro mudziyo

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha parameters runoonekwa nesu ndiye mudziyo yokuparara voltage - dzingangoitika musiyano tsika pakati conductors vaviri capacitor, iyo inotungamirira zvemagetsi Kuparara dielectric rukoko. The kunonyanyisa voltage panguva iyo mudziyo Kuparara kunoitika, akatsunga nokuda pezvakaita conductors, dielectric zvivako uye Ukobvu. kushanda ezvinhu pasi iyo voltage Panhivi pedyo Kuparara mudziyo, havabvumirwi. Normal uchishandisa voltage pamusoro capacitor idukusa nokuparara kakawanda (mbiri kana katatu). Saka, kusarudza vanofanira kuteerera yavose sezvavakatarirwa voltage uye kukwanisa. Kazhinji, tsika idzi akaratidza pamusoro mudziyo kana pasipoti. Achitendeukira capacitor zvakarukwa voltage runopfuura yavose sezvavakatarirwa angavatsugudusa nokuputsika kwayo, uye nokutsauka kubva aizviti kukosha capacitance kungaita kuti nokubudiswa pomumbure harmonics, uye overheating ari mudziyo.

Kutarisika capacitors

capacitor magadzirirwo inogona siyana chaizvo. It zvinoenderana yemagetsi vachikwanisa mudziyo uye chinangwa chayo. Ari vaiona mudziyo parameters hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa zvokunze zvinhu, saka electrode vane chimiro umo yemagetsi munda kunotangira dzemagetsi mhosva iri kusimbiswa duku mukaha pakati capacitor conductors. Naizvozvo, vanogona kuva vaviri concentric mabhora vaviri sandara matete kana mbiri coaxial sepombi. Somugumisiro, capacitors zvinogona cylindrical, idenderedzwa uye sandara zvichienderana Maumbirwe conductors.

kugara capacitors

By hunhu kuchinja elektroomkosti capacitors akakamurwa Namano rusingaperi kana shanduka capacitance dzemwenje. Ngationgororei zvakadzama nerimwe pakubhadhara izvi. Mano vane chinzvimbo haachinji panguva oparesheni, kureva chinhu chenguva (capacitance ukoshi vanongogona siyana mukati mitemo zvichienderana tembiricha), - kugara capacitors. Kunewo midziyo yemagetsi, kushandura ayo yemagetsi vanokwanisa pakuitika, dzinonzi variables.

Chii chinoratidza kuti capacitor C

Electrical capacitance zvinoenderana panyika nzvimbo yawo kondakita uye kure pakati pavo. Pane nzira dzakawanda kuchinja pazviruva izvi. Funga capacitor randinogara nezvemarudzi maviri ndiro: Mobile ndokuinama. The chinjwa ndiro runoita hama kune yatarwa nokudaro kuchinja magetsi capacitance yacho capacitor. Variables analogues inoshandiswa analoginen mano pazviruva. Uyezve, tinokwanisa inogona kuchinjwa panguva oparesheni. Trimmer capacitors vari kunyanya kushandiswa fekitari ezvinhu midziyo, somuenzaniso kuti sokunhonga vanokwanisa chete kusakwanisa empirically kuverenga.

The capacitor mudunhu

Tikaritora mudziyo muna DC mudunhu inoitisa kuitika chete kana usanganidzo yayo mambure (Saka pane mhosva kana recharge mudziyo kunobva voltage). Kana capacitor zvizere mhosva, magetsi kuburikidza hazvisi. Kana mudziyo uri redunhu rakatumbuka kuitika pezvakaitwa kuraira uye zvaikosha chinjana dzaro mumwe. Panguva alternation yavo kuti oscillation nguva dzose aishanda sinusoidal voltage.

zvinoitwa capacitors

The capacitor napaduku ari electrolyte uye zvokunyama nazvo rinoumbwa, unogona kuva yakaoma, mvura, oxide semiconductor, simbi oxide. Liquid-dzaserera condensers zvakanaka, mano aya anogona kushanda pasi kumusoro zvinorema uye yakakosha pfuma yakadaro sezvo kuzvicheka-kuporesa ari Kuparara dielectric. In Kukurukura magetsi mano, yakaoma mhando nani nyore design, zvishoma duku voltage donhwe uye leakage ano. Panguva iyoyo zvaoma mano hunonyanya dzakakurumbira. The chikuru mukana electrolytic capacitors vakaderera cost, chiine kukura uye makuru yemagetsi chinzvimbo. The oxide neShanduro - Polár (sizvo kubatana kunoita kuti kuparara).

How kubatanidza

Unobva capacitor vari mudunhu pamwe dzose Kuyerera sezvinotevera: zvakanaka (anode) ano kunobva kwakabatana kuti electrode iyo yakafukidzwa ane oxide firimu. Kana asiri zvaidiwa pamusoro dielectric kwokuputsika zvingaitika. Chikonzero ichi mvura capacitors vanofanira kwakabatana munguva ngaatevedzane ane AC simba bhuku, chokuita mune dzino akafanana muzvikamu zviviri. Kana kuti kuti oxide rukoko zvose electrodes. Saka, asiri polar mudziyo uchishanda network pamwe kugara uye sinusoidal kuitika. Asi kuti uye dzimwe nguva, kunoguma vanokwanisa anova hafu. Unipolar nemagetsi capacitors vane yakawanda saizi, asi kunogona nevanopinda mudunhu ane rakatumbuka ano.

The chikuru kushandiswa capacitors

Shoko "capacitor" rinogona kunzwika kubva vashandi siyana maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye magadzirirwo Kudya. Wakabata pamwe nheyo kushanda, maitiro uye mumuviri urongwa, tsvaka nei tichida capacitors Somuenzaniso, mune simba wedzerai nehurongwa? Izvi bhatiri hurongwa zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa pakuvaka uye rokuvakazve maindasitiri zvinomera simba chinhu kururamiswa PFC (samambure pamusoro kokuyerera vasingadiwi pamusoro Rwako ayo) kuti anogona kuderedza simba mari, tichengetedze cabling zvinhu uye kununura magetsi kuti mutengi hwakanakisisa. The optimum kusarudza zvinyorwa simba uye nzira kubatana pfungwa pamusoro reactive simba (Q) ari network ine magetsi simba gadziriro (EPS) ane chinokosha kukanganisa zvoupfumi uye hwokugadzira waivako zviratidzi EPS oparesheni. Kune mhando mbiri PFC: transverse uye longitudinal. Kana transverse muripo capacitor kubhengi kwakabatana munguva zvakafanana panguva imwe substation bhazi uye vanonzi shunt mutoro (SHBK). Kana longitudinal muripo bhatiri zvinosanganisira simba mitsetse uye crosscuts anonzi CCP (dzakatevedzana muripo mudziyo). Batteries ine yoga namano zvingafananidzwe kubatana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: unobatanidza munhu capacitor mu akatevedzana kana zvakafanana. Kana nhamba dzinotevedzana-zvakabatana mano anowedzera makakatanwa. CCP akashandisawo kuti vaenzanise maitikiro mitoro, kuvandudza negoho uye kushanda zvakanaka uye mhangura-chafariz chinhu chakakombama yamavira (apo CPC kuburikidza chaiwo transformers).

In vakaenzana matunhu simba mitsetse vane voltages kupfuura 110 KV capacitance pasi runotaurwa sezvo capacitors. EP mutsetse nokuda yemagetsi vanokwanisa pakati conductors ose maitikiro siyana uye capacitance inoumbwa Pasika kondakita uye pasi. Naizvozvo, kuverenga nemambure modes kushanda, hutachiwana mutsetse parameters, mhosva nzvimbo mains capacitor ehupfumi kushandiswa.

Mumwe dzine chikumbiro

Uyewo, shoko rokuti unogona kunzwiwa kubva njanji vashandi. Sei capacitors navo? On dzemagetsi locomotives uye mashoko namano zvinoshandiswa kuderedza zvemagetsi arcing kuonana rinovira, rimire pamusoro pulsating DC goho kubva rectifiers uye kupomba choppers, uye kuti pave chizvarwa munhu symmetric sinusoidal voltage kushandiswa simba dzemagetsi Motors.

Zvisinei, shoko iri kazhinji zvichiita kunzwa kubva pamuromo mudzidzi redhiyo. Sei capacitors naye? The redhiyo ravo kushandiswa kuti mukuru kakawanda remagetsi mafungu, ivo rutivi rimire filters, simba rinopiwa, amplifiers, uye pcb.

Mune gurovhisi mupanda wose motokari Zvokutopenga angawana vaviri midziyo yemagetsi izvi. Nei tichida capacitors mumotokari? Ikoko zvinoshandiswa nechinangwa amplifying midziyo acoustic enyika kuti yepamusoro inzwi kubereka.