Kupi uye sei neurohormones anobudiswa? Chii neurohormones uye chii vari mabasa avo?

Marongerwo mabasa kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero kudzidza mumwe sainzi, sezvo momuviri. Discipline uyewo rinoongorora siyana siyana mahormone, avo kudyidzana, nzira inotungamirwa yavo uye simba pamusoro muviri.

Chii hormone?

Nezvenyaya iyi, kupinda muropa uye zvinopfuura siyana zvomukati napo. Nokuda basa izvi zvinhu ipfupi kana zvakawedzera basa mamwe masero, kunzi kurwisa. Makemikari kuburikidza kwavo simba pamusoro zvinenge zvose vane anokosha dzemuviri. Wevasungwa of yeimwe anobudiswa kuvimba siyana zvinokonzera pamusoro. Kunyanya, rinokosha nguva zuva, zera, mupfungwa uye mumuviri ezvinhu. The mahormone zvinopfuura ropa sezvo zvakafanira, uye zvachose muviri unaltered muchimiro mu bhuku duku kuburikidza bile weti kana. Kune mhando akasiyana yeimwe, vane chikuru kana chiduku papi matambudziko pamusoro evanhu. Vamwe vavo neurohormones. yeimwe izvi anobudiswa imwe nzvimbo uropi. Ndezvipi zvinhu izvi? Senzira neurohormones? Kwakabatsirei vachava pasi hurongwa mumuviri? On ichi akazotevera.

tsananguro

Tisati tinowana kupi uye sei kuti iumbe neurohormones, vanofanira kunzwisisa chii izvi zvinhu zvachose. The tsananguro pacharwo midzi Greek. Zvinonzi chaizvoizvo rakashandurwa sezvo dzouropi (etsinga) + hormaino (kunyengedza, zvinokurudzira). Chii neurohormones? Izvi pakugadzira kushingaira peptide akakura. Vanouya ari pituitary shwanu uye inodzora kwayakaita. Neurohormone aburitswa hypothalamus. Nokuda basa nyaya yeimwe anotaura kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye huta enyika pamwe nemumwe. Izvi imhaka yokuti masero neurosecretory vachinyanya aikanganiswa neurotransmitters basa - yeimwe izvo zvinoparadzira kupomba kuti vanoshanda nhengo etsinga nokuguma. Saka, avo nekupinda runosvika kune mutemo webasa kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero panguva kukura uye ikure muviri.

kupatsanura

In muchikwata ichi, mapoka maviri yeimwe. Chokutanga liberiny. Izvi zvinhu vane kunobatsira zvikuru pamusoro kugadzirwa pituitary tropic wezvakavanzika. In boka iri, zvikurukuru, uye zvinosanganisira corticotropin thyroliberin, folliberin, lyuliberin, somatoliberin, melanoliberin, prolaktoliberin. Chechipiri boka netsyrogormonov - statins. zvigadzirwa izvi soednieniya nokunonoka tropic pituitary zvakavanzika. In boka iri, kunyanya zvinosanganisira somatostatin, uye melanostatin prolaktostatin. Maererano migumisiro zvidzidzo, nebasa neurohormones pamusoro hypothalamus haringorevi chete kurudziro kana chinovhiringidza kuti kugadzirwa pakugadzira vanoshingaira yeimwe tropic. The zvinhu vachikwanisa itibatsire biosynthesis kwendangariro.

Umo dzine rinoitwa kutanga?

Zvainzi pamusoro kuti pagadzirwe yeimwe izvi muvanhu rinoitwa imwe nzvimbo uropi. Paumbwe izvi zvinhu zvinoitika zvose vertebrates uye invertebrates. Kupi uye sei neurohormones anobudiswa mune dzimwe zvinenge? In vertebrates, munyaya secretion pamusoro pineal shwanu pinealocytes zvinhu chromaffin zvinyama ari adrenal medulla, ganglia uye tsinga hunde dzacho paraganglia autonomic uye peripheral tsinga. The secretory granules neurohormones kazhinji kusungira kuti keriya mapurotini.

zvimwe

Kusiyana venguva chimiro kwamakamuri etsinga, izvo zvibereko makemikari zvinotakura tsinga nomunhu - nevamiririri, masero neurosecretory pave ari cytoplasm (mu zvisingawanzoitiki nguva ari musimboti) chaiyo akakura. yeimwe aya musiyano zvikurukuru nokuda etsinga harinzwi (zviteshi) muropa, hemolymph, cerebrospinal mvura uye tishu. Neurohormones vane ndangariro zvainoita basa visceral nadzo (kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri, kunyanya) uye epfungwa.

Ndezvipi mashandiro anoita masero neurosecretory? Mabasa zvinhu izvi inotongwa dzenhoroondo Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. axons dzavo akaumba synapses akawanda pamusoro muviri uye zvinoshandiswa masero neurosecretory kuti anokwanisa kuti vaunze chiito kwaniso uye kuparadzirwa kwemashoko kupomba achitevedza axons.

The nzvimbo uye mumisasa

Kuziva chaizvo apo uye sei kuti iumbe neurohormones, vanofanira kufunga kwekuda kwavo tsinga. In invertebrates dzakaderera zvinenge kwokubatana anoparadzirwa diffusely. Phylogenetically akaratidza wevasungwa neurosecretory sero miviri vari nhengo nzvimbo. Saka, pane kuunganidza crustaceans muna X-muviri, uye tumbuyu, somuenzaniso, mune prototserebrume. Panguva iyoyo ndipo neyrogemalnye miviri uye neurosecretory nzira. In vertebrates, ichangobva nezvemabatiro imwe nzvimbo pamusoro diencephalon (uyewo hove caudal munzvimbo musana - urofize). Somugumisiro, akaumba huru mbiri neurosecretory hurongwa: caudal (hove chete) uye hypothalamic-pituitary.

zvokukura dzichiri

Kupi uye sei neurohormones anobudiswa? Kwetunhu yeimwe chokuita inotakura mapuroteni, rinoitwa pasi ribosome. Kuwanda rikaitika tubules ari endoplasmic reticulum. Zvokutanga pellets pakupedzisira kuumbwa mune Golgi yakaoma. zvinoriumba izvi, ane dhayamita kubva 50 kusvika 500 nm vane lipoprotein hamvuropu. Zvinonzi akaparadzaniswa kubva Erekitironi-batana muzinda. Iyewo, rine mutakuri mapuroteni uye neurohormone. Anozunungusa granules achaendeswa akananga axons. Vamwe axons uchikurukura capillaries vari neurohypophysis. Vamwe - pamwe glandular masero ari adenohypophysis (kunyanya ayo zvenguva mugove). In hove, ari axons ari caudal neurosecretory hurongwa pave aksoventrikulyarnye vokukurukura. Direct vakasarudzwa zviri granules rinoitwa ari kuonana Database nokuda exocytosis kana nomukaka neyrogemalnyh miviri, precapillary intercellular nzvimbo uye pakakoromoka panguva samolecular chechetere.

zvinogoneka zvokurwara

Neurohormones vanobatanidzwa kuramba hemostasis (mvura uye munyu, etc.), zvakasiyana-siyana zvebasa muviri, mutemo mvere tsandanyama matauriro. Uyezve, nokuda basa ravo vaipa kugadzikana kushanda zvenyaya kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Zvinonzi zvakare vaiona kushanda peptide yeimwe kunoita kuti kudzivirira uye adaptive zvinoitwa nhengo. Kupinda hemolymph kupinda cerebrospinal mvura kana zvinyama, vane refu kure ndangariro maturo. Kana zvakakomba kutyorwa basa hypothalamus uye kubereka, ukuwo, hypothalamic neurohormones, pane nenyonganiso kweShanduro mahormone vari pituitary shwanu nemamwe kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Murume akatanga kuva zvakasiyana siyana zvirwere zviri kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvinosanganisira hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency, Cushing nechirwere, acromegaly, hypothyroidism nezvimwe zvirwere.