Afghan enyika Mohammad Najibullah: Biography, nhoroondo uye nzira youpenyu

Devotee nguva zhinji, Mohammad Najibullah akawana simba kwete kutengesa vanhu yavo nyika. Vanotyisa Achipa Aimbova purezidhendi zvakashamisa vatsigiri vake kwete chete asiwo vavengi, dzakatogumbura vose Afghan vanhu.

Biography

Mohammed Najibullah - yokutungamirira, purezidhendi Afghanistan kubva 1986 kusvika 1992. Akazvarwa mumusha Milan, pedo neguta Gardez, August 6, 1947. baba vake, Akhtar Mohammad aishanda veHigh muna Peshawar, sekuru - mutungamiri Ahmedzai rudzi. Mohammad Najibullah pauduku aipedza pedyo Pak-Afghan muganhu, ipapo sekondari.

Muna 1965 Najibullah akabatana Democratic Party uye akatungamirira zvisiri pamutemo democratic muvanhu vadzidzi. Muna 1969 iye akasungirwa achidanidzira vanhu kuti gadziriro yemuna, kuita mienzaniso uye nenjodzi. Muna January 1970 akasungwa zvakare, panguva ino kuti kutuka United States uye kuita zvinopesana zvematongerwo enyika munyika. Panguva muenzaniso, iye vadzidzi vakakanda mazai muchina Spiro Agnew - Mutevedzeri-President of United States.

nhapwa rokutanga

Muna 1975, Mohammad Najibullah akapedza kudzidza Medical University mu Kabul, uye ipapo zvakatonyanya vachifunga mabasa webato, muna 1977 akagadzwa nhengo Central Committee of People wacho Democratic Party pakati Afghanistan. Pashure pokuchinja akatungamirira muna Saur Revolutionary Council uye komiti bato iri Kabul. Asi nokusawirirana mubato vakamumanikidza kuti kusiya guru, Najibullah akatumwa Iran sezvo mumiririri. Asi muna October 1978 akanga abviswa pachigaro uye kunyimwa mugari, apo Mohammad Najibullah akamanikidzwa kuenda kuMoscow, kwaakanga akavanda kusvikira December 1979 kusvikira mauto eSoviet havana kupinda munharaunda Afghanistan.

Homecoming

Back munyika, Najibullah akatanga kutungamirira kuchengeteka mauto, vachiwedzera vashandi vayo nevashandi zviuru makumi matatu, kunyanya 120 vanhu aishanda kuchengeteka basa. Asi zvino iye akanga asina kubvumirwa kushanda norugare, masangano akawanda, kusanganisira "Amnesty International", vamupomera kubatanidzwa mune zvisiri pamutemo kusungwa, kutambudzwa uye kodzero dzavo. Asi hapana uchapupu kupomerwa haana, pabasa rake Khad akanga asina vakawanda kutya kwakadaro uye kuparadzwa kwavo vanhu sezvo paitonga Amin.

Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah - President

November 30, 1986, Najibullah akasarudzwa purezidhendi Afghanistan. Asi sezvo asvika eutungamiri munyika ari bato ndokutanga zvakare kutsemura: vamwe vakatsigira Karmal, mumwe - purezidhendi ano. Kuti zvimwe kuwiriranisa dzairwisana mapati, muna January 1987 nayo kushandisa kuzivisa 'riri National rekukanganwira.' Declaration prescribes kuguma basa ruvengo uye pakugadzirisa kukonana kuburikidza Nhaurirano murunyararo.

Muna December 1989, mukati memazuva pashure mauto eSoviet vakabuda Afghanistan, ari Mujahideen yakatanga kurwisa Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah yakazivisa mauto atonge munyika. March 5, 1990, yavasina akasungwa halkistami. Achipindura, munyika kuzvidzivirira gurukota Shahnawaz Tanai akaronga kupandukira zvombo. Anodzivirira muna rimwe bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah akarayira kudzvinyirira yokupanduka, kuzvidzivirira airwadziwa mangwanani March. The murongi rokumukira vakatizira Pakistan, apo zvadaro vakabatana bhendi Hekmatyar.

Kumutengesa kumativi ose

Muna 1990, Shevardnadze zvinganaka kubvisa Commission kushanda Afghanistan, chisarudzo chacho kuti mugogona, panguva imwe cheteyo kumisa nerubatsiro maoko. Saka, nyika akasiyiwa pasina vatsigire Soviet Union, uye pamwechete nayo, uye President Nadzhibulla Mohammad. Political nesayenzi - sayenzi unochinja nevasina, rakatevera kurohwa yaiva US. Muna 1991, Dzheyms Beyker akasaina chirevo pamusoro kugumiswa zvombo uye zvombo rinopiwa dzinopesana mapato ari Afghanistan. Izvi akaderedza zvikuru zvinoitwa Najibullah. April 16, 1992 mumaoko ake romukova Najibullah Abdur Kadirire Hatefu, uyo akafunga zvokungoitawo utungamiriri. Uye muna April wegore iroro , General Dostum vakaronga nevapanduki kuti vakauya simba Mujahideen.

In Mumatsutso 1992, vakuru veuto Hekmatyar uye Massoud vakapomera mumwe yokuti apandukire uye vachisiya uto midziyo uye nezvombo dzokuchengetera, akasiya Kabul. Panguva iyo Soviet Union liquidated embasi yaro muna Afghanistan. Najibullah nevatsigiri vake vaibayira enyika vatizire kune dzakawanda, kusanganisira Russia uye US, asi akasarudza kugara Kabul, asingadi kukandira nyika kupinda yakadaro nguva yakaoma.

Pamberi kubatwa guta akakwanisa verevedza mudzimai wake uye hanzvadzi nevana muna Delhi. In Kabul, vaiva mukoma wake Shapur Ahmadzai, mukuru kuchengeteka Dzhafsar, mukuru muhofisi Nadzhibulla Mohammad uye Toohey. Journey upenyu akamanikidza aimbova purezidhendi kuti vatizire Embassy of India, uye ipapo pamukova United Nations. Hurumende munyika, dzichichinja muna 1995 uye 1996, akabvunza kuti ape Najibullah. Kuoma kwaiva akarova akarova pamusoro ekare vatsigiri. Kozyrev (Foreign Minister) akati kuti Moscow haadi kuva nechokuita vakasara rapfuura hurumende iri Afghanistan.

The Last gamba

September 26, 1996, kuti Taliban akakunda guta Afghan, Kabul, Najibullah nevatsigiri vake vakatorwa kubva kuhofisi UN. Akabvunzwa kuti asaine gwaro pamusoro kuzivikanwa muganhu Pakistan-Afghan, asi iye akaramba. Mushure wakakura zvikuru kurwadziswa, akatongerwa rufu vaimbova mutungamiri Mohammad Najibullah. The kuuraya kwakaitika musi wa27 September, Najibullah uye mukoma wake yakasungirirwa motokari uye vakaiswa muzinda wapurezidhendi, apo zvino akasungirirwa.

Vigai Najibullah pashure tsika Islam ari Taliban vakarambidza, asi vanhu vachiri vakayeuka uye anoremekedzwa zvaanoyeuka: vanhu vari Peshawar uye Quetta pachivande verenga pakunyengetera ake. Kana muviri wake wakanga achiri mumaoko kuna Red Cross, Ahmadzai rudzi, apo sekuru vake aiva mutungamiriri, akavigwa ake chizvarwa muguta Gardez.

Pazuva regumi namaviri gore rufu Najibullah rokutanga raunganidza dziite kuti kukudza ndangariro yake. Musoro Party pakati Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel akataura kuti Mohammad Najibullah akaurayiwa vavengi uye vavengi vevanhu varayirwa kubva kunze. A 2008 ongororo vagari akaratidza kuti 93,2% yevanhu vakanga vachida Najibullah.