Achaparadza: muurayi shato huru, kana pfungwa?

Muvanhu, orca shato huru ine mukurumbira-chena dema-uye, uyewo ruvara rweganda rake. Vazhinji vanouti mhuka mhuri Delphinidae shato huru-muurayi (muurayi hove huru). Russian gungwa vavhimi kunge chinorondedzerwa mambo penyanza pamusoro akanamatira kumusoro, sezvinoita jeko, zenze - "muurayi shato huru", kunyange mutauro wokuRussia madenderedzwa kwesayenzi akamuti "Killer." The zita Latin rakapiwa kwaari Linnaeus, unorira Orcinus orca. Hadzina asinganzwisisiki chaizvo, asi masayendisiti vari kuita navo, vanoti kuti hove huru kwazvo akangwara, mhuka munzanga, asi yake tetchy. Posts kwakaita kudya vanhu vaiva kunyanyokwidziridzwa kuwedzeredzwa.

Killer hove huru zvinowanika makungwa ose uye makungwa, kunze zvemukati. Vanosarudza unotonhorera mvura mvura. People, hofori iyi yave kuzivikanwa kwenguva yakareba. Yake yokutanga rakarondedzerwa Pliniy Starshy (zana remakore 1st AD): "Iyi ndiyo gomo guru yenyama, akashongedzerwa inotyisa meno, dutu dzimwe hove huru, iyo Anorwisa navo uye rinobaya sezvinoita gondohwe rechiuto." Chokwadi, pasinei nokuti muurayi muduku ari kukura kusvika pakukura mhuka panyika - blue whale, iye vasingatyi Anorwisa kunyange iye.

Encombrements muurayi Whale zviri hunoshamisa. Nhunzvi tinosvika kureba mamita manomwe uye uremu matani mana, uye vanhurume uye anopfuura 10 metres uye 8 matani. The mwero Kukura wemadzimai havapindiri navo Chigaro: mune namapoka muurayi hove huru anotonga kuzviomesera matriarchy. Zvinofadza kuti vanhurume nezera kuzovasiya vanamai vavo, apo mwanasikana richisvika pokukwegura, anogona dzimwe nguva kusiya ake chizvarwa nemhuri kutanga rongedza itsva navamwe nhengo. Family misoro vakwegura "matriarhinya", yakapoteredzwa vana, vazukuru, vazukuru uye vana vevanun'una. Upenyu hunotarisirwa vanhurume - makore 50, uye nenhunzvi vararame yakareba - avhareji yemakore 75.

Killer Whale ane zvikuru pasi kusununguka unodiwa. Vakadzi anosvika matatu zvishoma kufarira zvevakomana, uye mumakore 40-50 vane kufarira ichi akarasika. 10-15 Makore, panguva huchavapo kushingaira dzokubereka nguva, hadzi unobereka haisi guru chaizvo mari kityat nokuti pamuviri kunotora 16 mwedzi. Zvishoma isingasviki hafu zvose wayo vanofa vasati vasvitsa makore. The mapoka zvinogara rugare. Never akaonekwa kurwira munhukadzi kana munhurume, vanhu utano kutsigira vanorwara uye vakwegura. Kunyange apo zvikoro zvakasiyana kumbobvira kutungamirira Kusanzwisisana nyama kana ndima. Kuchamhembe chikamu chezvinhu Pacific Ocean inogona akasangana zvachose rutema (melanistic) uye chena (Albino) vanhu vasiri neboka Unobudisa se "makwai dema".

Orca kubva 40 kusvika 48 mazino pakureba kusvika masendimita 12. Unovhima muurayi shato huru, kuratidza unyanzvi hukuru uye inokosha okufunga. ari rongedza anogona zvinozadzisa mumutsetse, mbiru, enda pachiuno. Uchishandisa chido herring boka, Mbeswa Dolphins kubva kumativi akasiyana kunama hove mbiya, uye zvadaro chitanga muchipinda pamusoro muswe payo kuti, hove dzinokatyamadza. Kana chakaurawa zvabuda, mutambo inotanga. Orcas anogona "kubuda" panyika, zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope nedumbu rake pamhenderekedzo kana chando kubata micherechedzo uye nemicherechedzo holidaymakers. Kana hove huru kuona kuti ari muduku iceberg kana pinnipeds ndivo PENGUIN, vari "kuzununguka" nyore, kurova musoro wake pamusoro chando floe. Mhuri dzose huru ine dzavo zvaunofarira pachavo vari kudya, zvimwe anovhima herring shoals, uye nevamwe - kuti pinnipeds.

Pamunhu mumwe muurayi shato huru kurwiswa Kashoma uye chete kuzvidzivirira. In aquariums, ivo makasimbisa pachavo semhuka dziri nyore akapingudzwa uye mano hwokudhirowa. Zvino akwariyamu enyika rine anenge 60 marudzi. In pakutapwa, dangwe shorthead muna 1985 (Florida). Kubvira muna 1946, zvakatanga kudzivirira muurayi shato huru, asi mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai Japan, kuramba kuvhima muurayi whale.