Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - Mugadziri Mukuru chitundumuseremusere mugadziriro: Biography, mhuri, anokudza kuyeuka

Anokosha uye yakakurumbira Kugadzirwa zvombo Soviet Union akauya upenyu pamwe mukuru mugadziri, ane zita inomira munhau, pamwe inokosha nokuda nyika. It Academician Glushko, uyo akasika dzakawanda simba ndege injini. Valentin Petrovich, pasinei vazhinji zvavanofarira, chinhu chikuru muupenyu hwake so mwana.

kutanga

Akazvarwa ramangwana academician Glushko muna Odessa muna 1908, uye muna 1924 akapedza kudzidza kubva yekosi chikoro "Metal" zita Trotsky raMwari. Pana gumi, akanga atova aiva akabatikana, urwo rwakatora makore masere, kunyorerana Tsiolkovsky pachake, izvo rwunotumirwa mukomana zvose mabasa ake itsva. Uyu murume wechidiki penya vachiri kure zera rake kare kubudiswa nyaya pamusoro muchadenga ubanguranyika uye nechido akanyora bhuku pamusoro matambudziko vanoparadza mapuraneti. Mune maviri remakore rechimakumi maviri, kana ndege uye vazhinji vanhu vasina kuona! Uye muna 1925, mukomana Glushko akaenda Leningrad kudzidza ikoko kuyunivhesiti, nokuti ruzivo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuzadziswa zviroto zvose.

Complex kudzidza wefizikisi uye masvomhu fakaroti! Hongu, uye nyika yakanga iri nguva yakaoma - kunaya yakaipisisa kuparadza. Asi ramangwana academician Glushko haana kumbonyunyuta pamusoro kushaya mari, akanga asiri mudzidzi motokari waburuswa, uye akanga vaiita basa sayenzi. Nzara, kutonhora, uye navamwe hwourombo pamusoro kumashure ichi kuti zvakamushungurudza zvishoma. uye zvechokwadi Zvakamubatsira: muna 1933 Glushko Valentin Petrovich akava mukuru wedhipatimendi kutsvakurudza chitundumuseremusere institute, uye mumwe makore matatu gare gare - mukuru Mugadziri wacho jeti injini.

Kubva yokunzvera maziso

Sezvo 1933 mvura jets vakasikwa kwakajeka mugadziri, inokura nhamba okunatsiridza. Ndakabva ndakaberekwa yakakurumbira OPM-65 injini, izvo aronga kuiswa pa aerotorpedy sezvombo ndege uyewo kumumvuri kuti zvombo ano - uye chitundumuseremusere ndege. Muna 1938, ramangwana academician Glushko Zvave panguva yayo ukoshi hwechokwadi.

Ake zvakavanzika, akashora "nokuti sabhoteji," sezvo vose vaitungamirira mainjiniya uye vagadziri munyika. Atongerwa makore masere mumisasa akatumwa "mu sharashka" ndiko namahwindo CB kuita kumwe kutsvakurudza. Chokutanga, muna Tushino pamusoro avhiyesheni chirimwa № 82, sezvamakaropafadzwa Valentin Petrovich vakasikwa chitundumuseremusere launchers akatasva ndege. Chaizvoizvo chitundumuseremusere nesayenzi, zvayo yakachena chimiro, haisati kuonekwa sechinhu chinobatsira chinhu, asi nokukurumidza zvose zvakachinja.

pamberi kukunda

Glushko Valentin Petrovich yakabudiswa muna 1944. Iye pakarepo akatora mutariri ruzivo, kana, nani kutaura - inokosha design Bureau muna Kazan, apo anokosha Motors yakagadzirwa. Muna 1946, aiva pakati pevaya vakadzidza kuGermany, kukura German iri chombo nzvimbo.

Ndadzoka ikoko pfungwa itsva, Glushko rave kushanda vakatendeutswa OKB-456 panguva ndege fekitari Khimki, apo muna 1948 kwakanga yokutanga RD-100 injini nokuda chitundumuseremusere, uye ipapo zvakawanda uye mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi navo siyana kupeperetswa. Glushko Valentin Petrovich, ane Biography zvachose chokuita ndege michini, ipapo yava undisputed mutungamiri pakusika kwavo.

makodzero

Muna 1974 akatanga kushanda sangano idzva chaizvo, inotungamirirwa Academician Glushko, - "puhti" chaisanganisira OKB-456 OKB-1. General Designer kunoshandurwa kosi agamuchidzwa kwaari kambani zvinoshamisa. Ndokusaka zvose Russian purogiramu nzvimbo, kusanganisira ano, munhu uyu vanosungirwa anenge munhu wose. Ndiye akagadzira chitundumusere-musere injini "East" - kubva pakutanga ndege muchadenga pamberi pokugadzwa kuchiteshi muchadenga. Pasina izvozvo, nzvimbo yedu kubudirira angadai zvakasiyana. Zvichida vakaramba hazvingatongoitiki chose.

naizvozvo yakatangwa Odessa Monument pamusoro Valentin Glushko, musi yakanaka avhenyu, kunonziwo zita romurume "pamusoro-chakavanzika". Uye Cosmonauts mukoto anewo shongwe muMoscow. Zvisinei, mupiro wake yamadzibaba hunokosha. Valentin Petrovich Glushko - Hero pamusoro Socialist Labor (kaviri), ane Orders zvishanu Lenin uye Red Banner of Labor uye October Revolution, Medals zhinji. Ndiye Kumukundi of Lenin neHurumende mibayiro yacho USSR.

Korolev

More OKB-1 ne chinoshamisa mugadziri aishanda vanachiremba kukuru, yaakanga awana muhofisi pachavo (fungidzira sei izvi inoremekedzwa musungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti). Ichi kunozivikanwa vanhu: Umansky, Zheltukhin, Sheet, Coil, Strakhovich, Zhiritsky nevamwe vazhinji. Muna 1942, akumbirwa Chief Mugadziri Glushko atova Kazan akatamisirwako kune Wekumusoro kunozivikanwa munhu, uyo akakunda nzvimbo.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich uye Korolev Sergey Pavlovich anorenda kuva kupfuura mauto zvokushandisa, izvo vakauya kukunda nyika. Rocket injini vave yakaiswa pa Pe-2, uye pakarepo pamusoro pakukurumidza yaiva 180? Km paawa. Vakaedzwa pamwe Yak-3, La-7, Su-7. dziine kukura Raishamisa - kusvika mazana maviri makiromita paawa. Saka, achishandisa mvura ndege injini yachinja chaizvo mugumo chombo michina.

Relations nezviremera

Stalin mberi "akasunungura" Glushko uye akabvisa mumwe mukuda 1944. Asi pamasikiro upenyu chisarudzo ichi haana kuchinja kushanda hapana. Ari nguva dzose, pasinei zvikepe, aiva murume Classified uye akanyudzwa kubva mamwe madziro hombe zvakasikwa chinodiwa uye nyika kuti zvinoda mwoyo uye mweya. Asi Glushko kushandiswa zvakakodzera ichi paitonga Stalin chiratidzo. Akatambidza mutungamiriri mazita vanhu makumi matatu akanga asunungurwa mangwanani uye kusiya basa iri KB. Uye zvakaitika. Vazhinji vanhu ava vakakanda mujenya yavo Glushko nokusingaperi.

Uye kubva 1945, wokupedzisira mhosva kwemakore akawanda vanhu vakava musoro dhipatimendi muna Kazan Aviation Institute, kwaaishanda pamusoro ndege injini uye nokugadzirira vakakodzera vabatsiri oga uye ake Bureau. More Sezvineiwo, nezuro akaripisa chitundumuseremusere kudzidza muGermany "nokuda sabhoteji" uye makore nehafu (Makore 1945-1947), ari bhizimisi rwendo. Trophies - German chitundumuseremusere nesayenzi - akagadzira Chokwadi, mwoyo. Asi pamusoro poukama simba uye zvinhu contingent iyi, zvakare, ndakati zvikuru. With Stalin panguva Glushko musangano mana refu private, iro akakurukura zvipfuwo chitundumuseremusere. Mutungamiri akabvunza mibvunzo vakachenjera, vakangwara, vanokwanisa.

nzvimbo

Muna 1953 Glushko akasarudzwa kuti Academy of Sciences, mumwe unoenderana nhengo, uye muna 1957, pasina kudzivirira kunyora nhoroondo HAC paakavapa kwaari doctorate. Inguva kuisa hope nevana vavo. Valentin Petrovich akava rakakura purogiramu aigarira orbital pazviteshi, kunyange womudenga nemisha, noruoko rwake chiedza ruoko akaonekwa reusable chitundumusere-musere. Akanyatsofunga aishanda pamusoro pokumuka Venus uye Mars, vakaronga Vols asteroids.

Uye vazhinji hope dzake, pronesonnyh yose upenyu mudzidziso. The pakuparurwa wokutanga Satellite kuti muchadenga nyika yave akasunda munyika kukurumidza kukura chitundumuseremusere. Message paNyika akatanga kutsigira orbital yemapurisa "Mir", "Ndikwazisirei" ne aigarira chitundumusere-musere "Soyuz" uye ngarava "Progress", iro riri dzakabudirira Valentin Petrovich Glushko. Asi vazhinji havana hwazadzika kudaro kure.

mwedzi

Glushko akatungamirira kukura womudenga yemapurisa, iyo yaizova nguva paiva vanhu. Kushungurudzika basa "pamusoro chakavanzika" haana kutendera vanhu kukurudzira pfungwa iyi, uye naizvozvo, kana pashure kundikana chinonyengera of H-1 womudenga chirongwa yakavharwa, hapana vacharwadziwa asi mukuru wakachenjera. Uye zvose zvikuru kuti zvakaitika, vakasagona kumunyaradza kusvikira pakuguma. Zvino zvakaitika? Over mashanu okunatsiridza emura michini, ayo zvino kureva namanomwe yemashoko nzvimbo uye zvombo zvehondo. Zvaiva pasi utungamiriri hwake injini zvitundumuseremusere vatanga otomatiki yemapurisa Mars, Venus uye Moon, vari akagadzawo pamusoro aigarira chitundumusere-musere "Soyuz" uye "East", uye zvakadini chakagadzirwa mwedzi uye satellites kupinzwa muchadenga nokubatsirwa wavo!

A chitundumusere-musere "Buran", kwakatanga uchitungamirirwa Glushko, kuti spaceship nyore kutora ndege inoratidza ichangobva kupisa-kudzivirirwa zvinhu, kubva kombiyuta Masvomhu kupinda makumi ezviuru vanodhirowa, uye injini, kuti simba kupfuura nhasi - RD-170, Glushko mwana, kwete akaderera, uye munzira dzakawanda kudarika kunyange "Shuttle"! The mudziyo zvechokwadi vakabuditsa! Asi ... regai anotumbuka apuro miti musi Mars, kwete mwedzi inocherechedza makwara edu. Usamirira Valentine Petrovich. Muna 1989, akafa, uye zita rake International Astronomical Union ainzi ane mwena uri kuonekwa divi Moon. Pamwe chete nomunhu uye vlok usiku kwaari ichi chikuru uye tichishingaira muroti uya.

vakadzi

Vakadzi vari kwazvo kwazvo Glushko Valentin Petrovich. Mhuri saka akanga kure oga, pasinei "pakavanda", refu stints mu "sharashkas" utsinye uye basa. nguva yokutanga aroora pa nemapfumbamwe, apo mudzidzi paUniversity of Leningrad. Motokari akanga asina waburuswa, asi kwakati kunyanya nzara, zvishoma moonlighting yokugadzirisa Apartments, apo akaona yaimbova Odessa musikana Susanna Georgievskaya, mumwe munyori ramangwana. Chii chakaitika pakati vaviri, nei vairamba, yakaramba isingazivikanwi. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu vari zvinoshamisa. Valentin akakuvara pedyo firearm. Akati kuti chikonzero - vasina hanya kukurukurwa. Anoteverwa kurambana.

Pane mukadzi itsva kuroorwa zvaakaita asina - Tamara Sarkisov. Zvisinei, mwanasikana Eugene akanga nguva aberekwe. Kusunga Glushko Tamara aitya uye akanga zvasiya noukama zvose. Naizvozvo, kana mukana akasimuka, Glushko haina kudzoka - hakusi nyore. MuGermany, aiva mudzidzisi ainzi Magda uye vana vakaberekwa - Yuri uye Elena. Anofanira kunge chimwe chinhu, pamusoro chii kare yakanyarara. Glushko murume wacho wainakidza chaizvo uye zvechipameso, uye shasha denderedzwa rechiedza pamusoro pake kwakapenya kutsungirira. Asi muna 1959, apo akagadzira makumi mashanu nerimwe hwake akaonekwa Lydia Naryshkin, mumwe musikana ane gumi namasere, aishanda CB yake "Energomash" muna Khimki, uyo akararama akasara maviri nemasere, Akaunza mwanakomana akanaka.