Zvetsandanyama nemapfupa maitiro Shiri

Shiri - imhuka kuti kwete chete zvinokambaira panyika, asi akatora mumhepo, dzinodzengerera mudenga. Naizvozvo, somugumisiro shanduka Kugadzirwa vakachengeta Kuchinja uremu uye chimiro muviri wavo. Saka vakaenda kuunganidza mafuta - varikumahombekombe, akaderedza kukweshera munguva inofamba, kuvaka kwetsandanyama. Zvisinei dzaisiyana marangwanda dzavo uye tsandanyama, i.e. zvetsandanyama nemapfupa nyika shiri.
Munzira dzakawanda ndizvo zvakafanana mune mhuka. Zvetsandanyama nemapfupa Hurongwa ine shiri yacho axial marangwanda, dehenya, papfudzi uye honokono mapfupa, ari scapula, thoracal vertebrae, chiuno uye femur, etc.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, zviri zvakasiyana kupfuura zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ezvinhu mhuka. Somuenzaniso, musoro shiri iri diki, nekuti zvose mapfupa ari cranial kunge akura pamwe chete, uye nhamba yavo rava kuvira. The dehenya zviri nyore zvikuru nokuti kuti mapfupa vari kunyanya negomba vane mukanwa muromo, iro rinosanganisira chete chifukidzo horny. Shiri vasina nomuzongoza Bends somunhu. Zamu "munhu" sero riri kuwedzerwa, uye mhuka neshiri zviri compressed kubva mumativi.
Remuromo shiri marangwanda dhipatimendi aimiririra 11-25 vakasununguka vertebrae, asi vertebrae pamusoro thoracal zvakasimba waakaita kune mumwe uye panguva imwe chete pamwe chete vertebrae yacho lumbar dhipatimendi. Sacral chidimbu akabatanidzwa bhanhire hadzi yayo, uye akaumba sacrum.
Pane musiyano pakati chiso marangwanda, uye mapazi maoko nemakumbo uye maoko nemakumbo pachavo. Somuenzaniso, shiri chete vane keel - shwashwa outgrowth, iyo yakaumbwa mumakore accretion pamusoro clavicle kusvika sternum. At neshiri dzinobhururuka sternum yakatanga zvakasimba zvakakwana, uye keel - guru.
Zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa zvinosanganisira shiri makumbo hadzi, idzo mbiri makuru, simba mapfupa pelvic fused pamwe kunzwisisa sacrum. Seshiri anofamba pamusoro makumbo maviri, ari sacrum pacharo inesimba. The sacrum chakaumbwa fused sacral, lumbar, caudal vertebrae, saka vanofunga kuti lumbar shiri ikoko.
shiri marangwanda marangwanda zvakasiyana nemamwe zvipenyu pakuti hazvina Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye lightweight. Izvi zvinoitwa, chokutanga, nokuti mapfupa tubular shiri. Chechipiri, kudekara nomumukanwa mapfupa akatsanangura. Naizvozvo yehuku skeletal gobvu ndiro imwe nzvimbo 5 -15% kurema muviri wayo. With Kusara remuromo nomuzongoza, rose muzongoza immobile.
Sezvo makumbo pamberi somugumisiro yemhindumupindu ikava mapapiro, mumakwenzi ari anenge asina yakatanga. Asi shiri dzinobhururuka zvakanaka, yakakura pectoral tsandanyama vanoumba kumwe 15-20% chevanhu vakawanda, uye urongwa hwavo chinokosha runobatsira kutsiga shiri dzedenga.

Kumira pazasi padanho kukura kupfuura shiri uye mhuka, ndiye kirasi nezvinokambaira. A muviri goroondo rinoumbwa musoro, mitsipa, hunde uye migumo, kunze nyoka uye legless dzvinyu, izvo kunyimwa maoko nemakumbo. Nokuvaka zvetsandanyama nemapfupa kwava pedyo zvinokambaira amphibians, asi kusiyana navo, ane nomutsipa marangwanda. More kunoenderera mberi urongwa marangwanda uye tsandanyama mhuka kutsunga mufambo yavo. The marangwanda nezvinokambaira, uyewo zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa shiri, zvakare, unosanganisira remuromo, thoracal, sacral uye caudal nharaunda. Long micheto chokuita kuti breastbone, thorax uye aumba.
Zvinokambaira, kusafanana nedzimwe mhuka, vane dissected tsandanyama, kunyanya, ari intercostal tsandanyama. Vanogona kuchinja vhoriyamu pechipfuva, tsonyera uye kuikudziridza, saka kuita muitiro kufema. Sezvo zvinokambaira yembabvu vanoguma vakasununguka, izvozvo dzinovabvumira kumedza kudya nani guru. Vaimwisa dzakabudirira caudal chikamu.
Achiratidza, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti marangwanda mhuka vane siyana features, asi mabasa akafanana mabasa. Vanoshanda kutsigira muviri, inodzivirira nhengo dzomukati, uye kukubatsira nomugungwa kumativi mupenyu nzvimbo.