"Zvakaedza zvekare Years": iri Genre, compositional uye manyorero mavambo

Genre "zvakaedza zvekare Years" Inonzi zvinyorwa, uye mukuru. Kune zvitatu shanduro nawo, chokuita 1113, 1116 uye 1118 makore. wekutanga waiva munyori Nestor, wechipiri - the abbot Sylvester, basa rinoitwa chikumbiro Vladimira Monomaha. zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti ndisimbise rechitatu shanduro Musiki, asi tinoziva kuti yakanyorerwa Mstislav Vladimirovich.

Old Russian mabhuku Genre hurongwa

mabhuku Old Russian ine dzesub zviviri - Genres rokunyika uye zvechitendero mabhuku. Wechipiri zvakawanda yakavharwa uye rinosanganisira Magwaro upenyu uye vachifamba, uye mudzidzisi wacho chikuru kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi. Genres mabhuku rokunyika akapa enganonyorwa zvechiuto uye yaMakoronike narrating enhoroondo zviitiko gore negore. Iva mumwe kufanana kuna Byzantine Chronograph. Zvisinei, kana kutanga "zvakaedza zvekare Makore", mumwe Genre Chronograph vanyori Russian haina kushandiswa. Rakanga Inoziva padanho akazotevera.

"Zvakaedza zvekare Years": Genre

Dmitry Likhachev akanyora pamusoro enfilade, kana Ensemble, hunhu pakuvaka zvivako kunyora yekare. Ichi chinhu pachena kuchiitwa anenge ose mabasa zvakanyorwa nguva Kievan Rus - yoga vatora chinyorwa anofungidzirwa kuti vanokwanisa rakazaruka kune kwebasa rinofanira kumwewo. Saka kana basa kunoda "kusarudza Genre kuti" The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years "," yeuka kuti zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira:

• zvibvumirano (somuenzaniso, Russian-Byzantine muna 1907);
• Lives of Saints - Boris uye Gleb, Feodosiya Pecherskogo ;
• "Muzivi uyu" uye mamwe magwaro.

Stories kuti vane raidudzwa zvavo mavambo (somuenzaniso, nyaya rufu Oleg, nyaya sei mukomana-Kozhemyaka akakunda Pecheneg gamba), uyewo kuri mumashoko nemabhuku emabasa "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years". Chii Genre mabasa aya? Vakafanana zvakafanana rungano kana ngano. Uyewo, enhoroondo vanonzi chepfungwa pamusoro mhosva yomuchinda nyaya - kufanana kudzvokora Cornflower. First kwavo Genre mavambo vane Dmitry Likhachev.

Ona kuti izvi "Ensemble", kusiyana hakuiti kuti Genre kuti "zvakaedza zvekare Years" chinhu kujeka, uye guva - nyore wemabhuku anongoitika magwaro.

chaizvo kuti

The chikuru compositional zviumbu ari "zvakaedza zvekare Years" ndiyo nyaya okunze, kutanga nemashoko "Muzhizha ...". Izvi yaMakoronike yekare waisiyana Byzantine chronograph izvo kutsanangura zviitiko kare mazuva somunhu chidimbu nhoroondo wokukundwa harisi gore, uye ushe mutongi. Weather nyaya dziri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri. Chokutanga vanonzi okunze mishumo kuti kubatwa yakati chenhau. Saka, zviri munyaya nokuda 1020 iri imwe chete nhau: Yaroslav mwanakomana ainzi Vladimir. Kunyanya yakawanda mashoko kwakacherechedzwa muna Kiev yenhau XII remakore.

Asi izvozvo Makoronike nyaya kwete chete kuudza pamusoro chiitiko, asi zvinoratidza kuva tsananguro, dzimwe nguva zvakawanda. Munyori anogona deem zvakakodzera tsanangurai akatora mugove pakurwa, apo akatora nzvimbo, mugumisiro. Muchiitiko chino, kwakadaro kuchinjwa rangano wamakapa nyaya ekunze.

paakaita Style

Dmitry Likhachev, mundotarisisa "zvakaedza zvekare Years", Genre uye compositional mavambo pamusoro shongwe ndowenyika mutaro ari akakura uye paakaita zvekunyanyisa. Ekupedzisira kunonyanya yo zvikamu vaya Chronicle "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Makore", mumwe Genre iyo Inonzi nyaya uto. Epic Style kuwirirana panyaya ngano, tichishandisa mufananidzo wakavhomorwa kubva ikoko. Muenzaniso unoshamisa - the Princess Olga, hunomirirwa nemabhuku emabasa kutsiva. Uyezve, zvinhu zvinogoneka (kusvikira zvazvo izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kare mabhuku vatambi).

akakura Style

Akakura kwokukurukurirana historicism kunokosha kwete chete kuti rondedzero yacho shongwe yekare, asi mabhuku yose Kievan Rus. Kunoratidza pacharo achinyanya nemufananidzo kutaurwa. Sahwira haafariri hwavo nezveupenyu hwedu uyewo nevaya vari kunze feudal ukama. Munhu kufarira kune Ages munyori somumiririri yakati munzanga ezvinhu. It nemarererwo zvinoitwa unhu, chiri kuoneka mugove idealization. Canon anova inokosha pfungwa yokuti "The nyaya ...". Saka, chero muchinda anoratidzwa mune rinonyatsooneka ezvinhu, vasingazivi hondo yomudzimu. Iye akabvunza, vakachenjera uye ane akazvitsaurira kukupfura. Mukupesana, chechi mutungamiri kubva upenyu inofanira kuva wakazvipira kuteerera kutevera mutemo waMwari.

Sahwira isingazivikanwi zvepfungwa pazvinhu ake. The Ages munyori akanzwa asina kuzeza kureva unhu "yakanaka" kana "chakaipa", uye kunzwisisa uye dzinopikisana nemifananidzo, yaizivikanwa kwatiri kubva dzekare mabhuku aigona muka.