"Hero Chenguva Yedu": rondedzero-nharo. The nganonyorwa "A Hero Chenguva Yedu" Lermontov

Tose akanyora yake rondedzero chikoro uduku "Hero Chenguva Yedu" pamusoro yokufungidzira kubudikidza Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, asi vadzidzi vakawanda vasiri chaizvoizvo ndakafunga pamusoro vavariro munyori uye kumashure basa. Nharo chinangwa, kwete mudzidzi wose anokwanisa kunzwisisa kunzwisisa mupfungwa zviitiko vakuru. Naizvozvo dzekare chigadzirwa, kurutivi rumwe rutivi - nyore, asi vamwe - yakadzika, zvinokosha kudzokera mumakore ake vakura, uye zvakare kuti uongorore zvakare, kuwana zvakafanana kana chakatarisana mumwe, nyika, zvose ...

Kuzvarwa Genre

Zvinobikwa "Hero Chenguva Yedu" waiva wokutanga prose yokufungidzira, zvakanyorwa manyorero mumagariro uye mupfungwa realism. Moral nouzivi basa huri kuwedzera nhoroondo huru hunhu sezvo tsanangudzo yakajeka uye rinopindirana muupenyu Russia makore 30 XIX remakore. Yaiva mhando experimental utsanzi tichitarisa ari Genre kubva munyori, sezvo panguva yakadaro Genre se "yokufungidzira" haako. Lermontov akazobvuma kuti akanyora yokufungidzira "Hero Chenguva Yedu," yakavakirwa Pushkin kuti mabhuku ruzivo uye tsika Western Europe. simba Izvi zvinooneka ouzivi uchidanana yokufungidzira.

MARARAMIRO kunyora

Muna 1832 Lermontov akanyora nhetembo, "Ndinoda kurarama! Ndinoda neshungu ... "sei murume wechiduku nezano pamwe kukura mupfungwa, chiratidzo uye zvakarurama kudaro imwe chin'a chido taramba? Pamwe ndiwo mwoyo ichi anosimbisa upenyu-Akakwezva mazhinji Zvizvarwa vaverengi uye zvinoita nhetembo kuti Lermontov zviine chidzidzo nhasi? Pfungwa pamusoro kuchiva dutu uye kubuda ari nhetembo "nechikepe", zvakanyorwa chete gore: "Zvino, ari kumukira okubvunza dutu sokunge dutu vachava norugare!" Kwake panguva, rinenge vezera, sydäntä akataura vezera rake sechinhu "chepfu kubva paucheche."

Kuti tinzwisise mashoko aya, tinofanira akayeuka, mune chii nguva aifanira kurarama Lermontov, uye nguva, uko kunoratidzwa gare gare yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu". Rondedzero pamusoro yokufungidzira yakakodzera kunotanga kuongorora kwokutanga nhetembo Nyanduri, nekuti maari vane anooneka pakanyorwa kuti akatungamirira munyori kuumba rakasiyana chigadzirwa.

Youth Lermontov akauya nenguva, izvo chaizvo akasuwa nokuti nhoroondo Russian. December 14, 1825 at weSeneti Square muSt Petersburg aiva kumukirawo ari Decembrists, izvo yakaguma muna kukundwa. The varongi of yemuna risungirirwe, vatori dzakaendeswa makumi nemashanu nhapwa kuSiberia. Vezera Lermontov Kusiyana kufurirwa Pushkina, akakura ari mumhepo kushungurudzwa. Zvinofanira kufunga ano vechikoro, vachigadzirira rondedzero nezvenyaya iyi.

"Hero Chenguva Yedu"

Lermontov akapa gamba "kwetarisiro zvinoreva kuva" munguva yake. Nepo vatungamiriri vemauto airidza basa kudzvinyirira vanhu, vatongi vaifanira consummate vasakarurama dare vadetembi - nokuti kubwinya kwamambo. Pandaikura tsiye kutya, kunyumwira, tariro. In pauduku hwake, mudetembi musina chiedza uye nokutenda. Akakurira mugwenga yomudzimu, uye nguva dzose kuedza kutiza kubva pairi.

Muna detembo "kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura" ndiro mutsetse: "Pakati yemadutu apera zviri vechidiki vedu ..." Zvakaoma kudavira kuti munyori enhetembo basa aiva nemakore 15 chete okuberekwa! Asi ichi akanga asiri mumwe munhuwo youth kusava netariro. Lermontov vachigere kutsanangura, asi akanga kutanga kuziva kuti munhu asingakwanisi kuita, asingagoni kuva vanofara. Makore gumi pashure "kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura", iye akanyora yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu". The kunyora nyaya iyi inofanira ane nharo pamusoro nguva kuitika uye nzvimbo murume mukati make. Zviri "Hero Chenguva Yedu," munyori anotsanangura zvepfungwa vezera rake uye anoratidza kuti tariro, iyo vakatongerwa vezera ake.

kunyora nyaya

Paainyorera essays musoro kutaura kuti Lermontov akatanga kunyora itsva muna 1838 pasi pokudzora Caucasian nefemero. Pakutanga zvakanga kunyange yokufungidzira, uye munhu nyaya, mukuru mutambi vasanganiswa. Muna 1839, magazini "Notes of Yababa" akashuma kuti M. Lermontov kugadzirira kubudisa muunganidzwa wake pfupi nyaya. Mumwe nomumwe idzi kwaibva imwe mabhuku tsika: "Bella" zvakanyorwa manyorero mufambi kuti rondedzero, "Princess Mary" - iri tsika rokunyika nyaya, "Taman" - mumweya lyrical yokufungidzira, "The Fatalist" - nenzira "nyaya inoshamisa mhosva "rakanga rakakurumbira 1830s. Gare gare Nyaya idzi achaberekwa dzakazara yokufungidzira "Hero Chenguva Yedu".

The kunyora-nharo zvishoma kuti vaisanganisa zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa yokufungidzira "Princess Ligovskoy" (1836). basa iri nenguva uye thematically pakurukurwa "Hero". Ikoko, kokutanga uye akaonekwa Pechorin Guards mukuru, akanga ari murudo pamwe Princess Vera LIGOVSKY. A vakaparadzana chitsauko "Taman" rakanyorwa 1837, nekuratidzwa akafanana kuenderera "The Princess Ligovski". mabasa ose aya anesungano nomumwe uye vane zvakafanana socio-kwouzivi mutsetse, rimwe chete pfungwa uye Genre nemunhu.

nyaya kuchinja

murwiyo of yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu" rakachinjwa mune shanduro itsva. The kunyora inokurudzirwa kutsivira muronga kunyora: nyaya "Bel" waiva chitsauko hwomukova yokufungidzira, kwakanzi ichiteverwa "Maksim Maksimych" uye "Princess Mary". Gare gare, nyaya mbiri okutanga kubatanidzwa rokuti "Kubva mupurisa manotsi» uye vakava aitungamirira chikamu yokufungidzira, uye chechipiri chaiva "Princess Mary". It agamuchirwa kupa dzinoshungurudza "kureurura" yacho protagonist. Muna August-September 1839 Lermontov akasarudza zvachose kuzodzosera nyora zvose zvitsauko kunze chitsauko "Bella", iyo panguva iyoyo akanga dzakabudiswa. Zviri Panguva iyi basa muchitsauko, "fatalist" akava yokufungidzira.

Mune wokutanga shanduro yokufungidzira ndaiva zita "Mumwe magamba remakore." Chaiva zvikamu zvina - zvina vakaparadzana nyaya, asi mupfungwa imwe itsva nomunyori pachake yakapatsanurwa chete muzvikamu zviviri. The kwokutanga Chikamu - anoti mukuru-narrator, wechipiri - katsamba hunhu. Nhanganyaya "fatalist" chitsauko kwakawedzera rukova ouzivi basa. Kukurira nganonyorwa putsa, Lermontov asingadi kuedza kuchengeta muronga zviitiko, chinangwa zvaiita kuratidza mweya protagonist uye mweya yavanhu kuti unotambudzika yaitonga.

Pakazopera 1839 Lermontov anosika kokupedzisira shanduro yokufungidzira, kuti zvinosanganisira "Taman" chitsauko uye kuchinja Kuronga chigadzirwa. The nganonyorwa anotanga chitsauko "Bhera", ipapo akauya "Maksim Maksimych." Notes protagonist, Pechorin, zvino kutanga achatungamirira "Taman" uye akapedzisira "munhu fatalist." Paivawo chinozivikanwa "Pechorin magazini" Panguva iyoyo shanduro. Nokudaro, yokufungidzira rine zvitsauko mashanu, uye pane zita chitsva yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu".

Kweinozivikanwa pakati Onegin uye Pechorin

zita rokupedzisira protagonist of yokufungidzira chokuita naye Pushkin kwakaita Evgeniem Oneginym. Pechorin unonzi anobva zita guru Russian Pechora River, iri pedyo Onega (pano, sezvo dzatoona, uye nokutora Onegin). Uye ukama ichi hachisi masanga.

Zvichitevera A. Pushkin Lermontov rinoreva mufananidzo wake panguva uye inoongorora magumo ayo maererano nguva yavo. Lermontov zvakadzama kupinda zvakavanzika mweya gamba, kuwedzera zvepfungwa basa uye rokunyorovesa nokuripisa yakadzika Kufungisisa kwouzivi patsika munzanga.

Genre chavanopinda

"Hero Chenguva Yedu" - rondedzero-nharo, wokutanga tsika uye mupfungwa prose itsva mune mabhuku Russian. Ndizvo zviri sezvazviri yokufungidzira, rinotaura nekugadzirisa munyori dzetsika kuti dzinoda zvakadzama mupfungwa ongororo mhando.

Munguva yokufungidzira, munyori achibata panguva kuti nguva yaro, tsika uye zvetsika zvine nyaya: zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, rudo uye ushamwari, rufu uye chitendero, kugadzwa wacho uye rusununguko rwokusarudza. Psychology mabasa ndechokuti Lermontov rinonyanya unhu gamba, ake nazvo pakunamata. Muverengi rinotaurwa "kupfeka" mweya Pechorin. The nganonyorwa "Hero Chenguva Yedu" - nhoroondo mweya wake.

Feature chigadzirwa

Author kanoverengeka zvakachinja murwiyo kuvhura chose chikuru dambudziko - mukutsvaga of gamba pakunamata. Ndiyo Lermontov rose. "Hero Chenguva Yedu", musoro iyo hunoonekwa tsananguro upenyu ezvinhu uye dzinokanganisa vari kutapwa huru hunhu, zvachose isingambokwanisi muronga. The mubvunzo unomuka: nei munyori haateverani kurongwa muurongwa zvitsauko? Anotevedzana kusawirirana imhaka zvikonzero zvinoverengeka.

• Chekutanga, ari yokufungidzira pane zvinhu zvakasiyana Genres: manotsi, dhayari, nyaya zvenyika, essays uye zvakafanana.
• Chechipiri, munyori akaedza kutifadza muverengi, kuti vaite "rwendo" iri zvepfungwa ari gamba, kuti kunyudza muverengi mukudzika nyika chimiro yomukati.

Nokuda zvakaoma uye "dzisingapindirani" mamiriro anoshanda itsva vakawanda narrators nerimwe chitsauko - a. Somuenzaniso, muchitsauko "Bella" pamusoro nzira zviitiko, muverengi vachadzidza kubva nyaya Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), mu "Bamba Maksimych" nyaya iri mukuru, musoro "Taman", "Princess Mary," "fatalist" anounzwa magazini chimiro uye dhayari yacho protagonist . Kureva narrator pachake Pechorin. Forms magazini uye dhayari kubvumira munyori kwete chete inoongorora mweya gamba, asi uyewo rakadzika introspection pamusoro wacho.

Pechorin uye Bella: kusafarira uye rudo

By hunhu Pechorin aiva mushingi. How zvimwe kutsanangura mamiriro apo Azamat, mwanakomana mumwe wemachinda vemo, kubiwa hanzvadzi Bhera uye Pechorin akauya, uye achipindura Azamat Petchorin anoba bhiza kubva Kazbich? The gamba hazvirevi kuneta kupa kwako mukadzi zvipo zvinodhura pane akazofarirwa nyasha dzake. Iye akwezvwe kuzvikudza kwake uye kusateerera.

Kana isu kutaura nezvesimba pfungwa, kana kudzoka kuti rusina kukwana mberi rudo, netsitsi pamusoro Lermontov vari pamwe vaBhera - aida Petchorin zvechokwadi here. Asi chikuru hunhu sokuti regedzeka, iye asingagoni kuziva kuti musikana kunzwa manzwiro chaiye, kana ari nekuchiva Vachiita mu mweya wake uye muviri. Ndiyo nedambudziko gamba - akanga asingakwanisi urombo zvikuru. In boka rudo Pechorin vaBhera-vakaisa rondedzero nyaya. "Hero Chenguva Yedu" rine zvakawanda nguva kuti anoratidza protagonist anogona nemanzwiro akasimba. It pechorin kuziva zviri kukonzera kusafara vamwe, asi zvakadaro haanzwisisi chii chanetsa. Somugumisiro zvose ake zvakaitika vari airarama kubhoekana, maturo pakunamata uye mwoyo.

Zvisinei, kutaura pamusoro kwakakwana callousness hakusi zvakakodzera. Apo Bhera akafa chinonyangadza rufu, ndiye tsitsi kwaari, kwete chete panguva Bamba Maksimych uye vaverengi. Akava "akacheneruka se jira," Mumazuva okupedzisira maminitsi upenyu Bely Pechorin. Uye zvadaro "chagara achirwara, vakarasikirwa, murombo chinhu ..." Akanzwa chivi chake pamberi paro, asi vakaedza kuvanza manzwiro avo nechomumwoyo. Pamwe ndosaka akazviputsa panze "wokumwe kuseka," saka vaitya Bamba Maksimych. Ungangove, zvakanga rudzi huta Kuparara. Saka aigona kuita chete zvechokwadi "gamba nguva yedu." Kunyorwa hunhu hwake unhu munyori akanga pedyo - aakararama pedyo vanhu parutivi ose zuva. Muverengi anoona chiito kuburikidza maziso narrator Pechorin Bamba Maksimych, asi haanzwisisi zvikonzero yezviito izvi.

Maxima Maksimych ukama kuna Petchorin

"Iye akadaro zvishoma chena, yunifomu nokuti kwaari waachangoroora, ndakafunga kuti akanga kuCaucasus, tine ichangopfuura" - kuti akaona Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. Kubva tsananguro zvinonzi aifunga kuti narrator kufanana Pechorin. Izvi runoratidzwa nemashoko kubva diminutive rudo suffix aishandiswa narrator, uye mashoko okuti "zvakanaka mukomana aiva ...".

Muna nganonyorwa "Hero Chenguva Yedu," rondedzero pamusoro Pechorin upenyu angave rakanyorwa chete bhuku rine multi-peji - saka pamakakatanwa, mavara uye mufananidzo zvikuru wakaradzikwa mairi munyori. Petchorin akasiyana nevamwe nokuda maitiro avo: pakupindura kuchinja tembiricha, kungoerekana pallor, uye zvisingatarisirwi refu runyararo aitaurisa. Nekuda izvi "kujairika" nokuti akare-timers zviratidzo Bamba Maksimych Petchorin vaiona chinoshamisa.

Maksimych kunzwisisa manzwiro, anosundwa Pechorin muduku, zvisinei, aiona zvakakodzera kudzokera musikana kuna baba vake, kunyange zvazvo zvakasimba kuda Bhera, pamusoro wake kudada uye kuzvidzora. Zvisinei, iye aivawo nemashoko: "Kune vanhu kuti unofanira zvachose kubvumirana." Maksim Maksimych aifunga Pechorin, akanga akasimba unhu uye waigona kuda zvose.

munuhwi zvakasikwa

Lermontov mu Russian prose - mumwe vanyori wokutanga uyo zvisikwa haisi pachena girl, asi dzakazara gamba chokurondedzera. Zvinozivikanwa kuti munyori akanga Ugare kubudikidza kunaka Caucasus, ayo zvakaoma uye ukuru. Roman Lermontov "Hero kweNguva Vedu" ndechokungoti yonhuwa mifananidzo zvakasikwa - Wild, asi chakanaka. Sezvataona ne vatsoropodzi akawanda, kuti Lermontov akashandisa nevamwe vanyori yokuti "humanization zvakasikwa" yakatanga akawedzera "oprirozhivanie evanhu". Special unyanzvi nzira netsananguro zvisikwa ichataura mitemo mhuka pasi iyo vanhu vaigara mumakomo. The chete zvakarurama rondedzero ruvara uye kupenya Caucasus akasiyana mifananidzo, pachake rakanyorwa M. Yu. Lermontovym.

zvakawanikwa

Saka, zvibereko "Hero Chenguva Yedu" - iri rokuti rokutanga yokufungidzira chaizvo ayo zvose nhema. Pechorin - rudzi kutevedzera. Hatigoni kutaura kuti vanhu vose vakamhanyira munzvimbo zviitiko zvokunamata, airwara kuvhiringidzika, uye mweya yavo mikukutu. The protagonist ari mudzidziso vagari kwete chete, sezvo nguva - chisinganzwisisiki, dzimwe nguva utsinye kune vanhu, asi panguva imwe chete simba uye simba kwake. Izvi ndizvo zvamunofanira kuyeuka apo pakugadzira rondedzero "Hero Chenguva Yedu". Lermontov sowakajeka raibudisa mumhepo kwenzanga munhoroondo gamba.