Mhando nzeve mu kwepfungwa nemagariro mabasa

dambudziko kukoshesa yagara ainyanya dzakawanda mupfungwa pfungwa uye nedzidziso. Somuenzaniso, Pavlov, ongorora mhando nzeve muna zvepfungwa, sunga naro kushanda pezvakaitwa uropi uye kushanda kuderedzwa kuti padanho kunzwisisa unconditional dzepanguva. kududzira ichi aiti munhu anogona kuisa pfungwa zvose zvaanoita mupfungwa pane imwe chete nzvimbo, iyo nokuda kwomudzimu siyana zvinhu, riri pakati wevasungwa uyu.

Muvambi mumwe chikoro, Ukhtomsky, vakati kuti ainyanya chero nyaya rokuratidzwa kwayo nguva dzose kwatemwa, kupfuura zvose, zviri ehupfumi ari chinhu pamusoro izvo chinotaura. Uyezve, zvingava kunyange kuva nyaya rwose, asi vashoma rwake, inotonga vamwe zvivako, uye predisposing kuti kurapwa kwaari. Zvaaiva "shamwari" vanoshingaira muitiro kufungisisa nzeve inomira evanhu kukosha imwe munhu mhiri yacho, iyo anokwevera rake kutarisirwa.

Zvisinei, pasinei hatina funga nezvedzidziso ongorora mhando nzeve muna zvepfungwa, zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti akawanda muzvinhu zvose rawo yaingowanikwa pamusoro chete hurumende ichiisa zvachiri.

Ongorora Mhando nzeve muna zvepfungwa, sezvo nzvimbo yaro dzinonzi nokudenga pamwero yevasungwa uye isimbe. Pakati pamusoro vanachiremba vanoti izvi ehupfumi hanya, sezvo selectivity, kuparadzirwa, pereklyuchaemost.

Zvino marudzi nzeve mu wepfungwa anonzi uye Classified anotevera chikonzero:

Maumbirwe Zviito nzeve Classified kupinda kutsinga dzinouya-perceptual, njere uye motokari.

By inotonga analyzer kusiyanisa mhando idzi nzeve kutarisana, auditory, gustatory, olfactory uye nevamwe. kupatsanura Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kubva pfungwa nemaonero nenyanzvi yokuzvitonga womunhu.

Yakananga sayenzi yemazuva govera zvokunze pfungwa (aisimbirira nyika), zvipfuwo (inoongorora dzakawanda nezvekufadza uye manzwiro) uye pamuganhu (tactile).

Panewo kupatsanura maererano mwero rokuzvipira kuzvidzora. Unozvitaura mhando dzakadai zvemasanga uye posleproizvolnoe. Chokutanga ndechokuti pachisikirwo chinoshingaira nzeve mhando zvaunofanira initialize uye kudana nesarudzo kuita. Yechipiri kunoitika nomuzvarirwo nekuti kukonzerwa zviwane. Posleproizvolnoe muchimiro kusimba, mukati maro mune zvinopfuura kuteerera zvirwere.

Attention kwete chete inopa kupangidza mirayiridzo uye mwero Kuwanda kuziva chimwe zviitiko, chokwadi, zviitiko. Attention inosimudzira paumbwe mufananidzo wakajeka, uye nokudaro kuratidzwa chinangwa chaicho. Ndivo mashandiro anoita hanya ari zvepfungwa, evanhu, uzivi uye sayenzi vamwe kuti vabatsire kuumba munzanga nyika wemunhu. Pakati inokosha zvimwe akadai:

- inonzwika apo mashoko kuuya murume pachishandiswa ayo zvinodiwa;

- kupa selectivity uye kugadzikana pfungwa evanhu zvivako;

- activation of zvakafanira kushanda kwendangariro kuti inoshandawo panguva ino, yakafanana chinovhiringidza waavo asina kudiwa.

Achipa Mabasa aya ari chinodiwa kuti socialization rinopindirana pakati wacho uye rubatso vabudirire kupinda mariri vanhu. Ndicho chikuru basa zvishande basa, apo ndangariro anoshanda Somuenzaniso, uye sepokutangira Chizvarwa zvakagadzirwa, uye senhungamiro mukuita izvozvo mutsva, nemamwe, zvokuti hapana mberi uye haana zvakasikwa.