Zho Godfrua, "Chiiko kwepfungwa?"

Book Godefroid, imwe adherent ari kukurukurirana manyorerwo iri zvepfungwa, mugumisiro kwayakaita, kuchinjwa mhenyu ruzivo. Zvakanyorwa nenzira yakadaro kuti muverengi kunzwa nenyama kuitwa mashoko. Book zvazvo riri kudzidzisa chombo Zvisinei, zvokuti kufarira kuti iye zvechokwadi vanoda kuverenga kusvika pakuguma. Uyezve, pane kudzokera kuti ichi zvinhu kupfuura kamwe. Jo haadi kuziva achidzidzisa usina muviri chimiro apo mudzidzi chete zvaitambidzwa ruzivo huru Vhoriyamu Encyclopedic zvinhu, saka kuti vadzidzi vane kunzwa Sisyphean basa. Bhuku nechinangwa chokudzidza zvepfungwa remangwana vanachiremba, vadzidzisi, vanachiremba, uye anongoti aifarira nyaya iyi.

readership

Munyori zvinoreva kuda kuwana kwete dzakaunganidzwa mashoko zvepfungwa, asi zivo sei nesayenzi ichi zvakakosha kuti agadzirise zviri zvinetso nhasi. Labor Godefroy "chii zvepfungwa" izvozvo nokupa kutsamwisa mudzidzi havi zvinopfuura kosi iyi hurukuro.

Naizvozvo, hapana mubvunzo akaudza vateereri pamusoro kupokana kuti kuchimuka sayenzi yemazuva, simba rinomutsa mupfungwa anoranga uye migumisiro kukura iyi. Godefroy haatyi kuoneka vasingazivi chero nyaya, kutaura matambudziko avo uye asingauyi kuumba nhema pfungwa chii zvepfungwa sechinhu sayenzi inogona kupa mhinduro matambudziko ose.

Sezvo mudzidzisi, iye anoda kuzivisa rinomutsa wepfungwa sechinhu zvichiitika sangano chesayenzi, nguva dzose kuwana mubvunzo uye maximize chokuratidza, chii kuita vanachiremba, kana vachida kuva vakatendeseka dzavo nyanzvi mabasa.

The dzinonakidza bhuku?

Maererano masayendisiti, kuti ichishanduka uye tofambira mberi, unofanira kuongorora mutongo wavo uye unongotaura. Anoedza kuratidza muverengi kuti zvepfungwa kupfuura dzimwe nyaya dzesayenzi, kunze nezvemagariro evanhu, unogona kuva novimba hwakapararira evanhu negwaro. Wekudzidza zvepfungwa - yakadzidziswa kuona kukanganisa vanhu. Muchiitiko chino, Godefroy, vachitaura pachena pamusoro nechokwadi pachena tsanangura kuti mashoko akanga mumichero uye sei kuvabata.

Somunhu anokumhan'arira pamusoro nouori, wepfungwa haapi usada munhu chikoro. Akanga ane zvikuru akazvimirira mafungiro nevakangwara ushingi. Jo anokwevera mashoko kubva mumabhuku akasiyana uye inotaurawo miviri mudzi maitiro evanhu - chaivo uye tsika. Shtudiruya bhuku Godefroy "chii zvepfungwa", muverengi ari Aingoziva masayendisiti akawanda makuru, avo pfungwa uye yokungotaura Masvomhu.

Bhuku rino dzinofarirwa munhu angahutora mumaoko ake. Izvi zvinoita inotumidzwa chivimbo munyori kuti zvepfungwa - inofadza chirango. Asati akatanga kudzidzisa vadzidzi vake kuna Quebec, Zho Godfrua vana African, uye ipapo vakabatana pasi bapiro navo uye muchinangwa mudzidzi yemitambo, izvo zvinogona kuva nyanzvi.

basa iri mhinzo zvepfungwa. It anozadza Makwanza mumabhuku akawanda nezvesayenzi ichi. Bhuku akava uye achava chaienda vazhinji masayendisiti uye vadzidzisi vanoda kupa vadzidzi Anonyatsoziva uye vanyanye kufarira nechirango. Reader nzira izere rinonakidza adventures kuti chokwadi kuda kuramba! Godefroy bhuku "chii zvepfungwa" raiva rakabudirira mune Canada.

Zvinoratidza wose anoramba avo vakaedza kubvisa zvepfungwa pane yose rokudzidzisa mutoo sezvo rimwe pfungwa pfungwa kurangwa, kuti nemiganhu yayo vari vakwanise zvikuru uye zvakafanira kuongorora.

Chinangwa pakudzidza wepfungwa

sainzi ichi nguva dzose kufarira munhu pachake, kudzika rake kufunga, mwoyo kufamba, pfungwa uye kuziva, ake fungidziro, ndangariro dzake, mafungiro uye kukurukurirana, mune mamwe mashoko - nyika yomukati.

Nokuti masayendisiti zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvinokonzera uye mifananidzo kwakabva zvimwe maitiro evanhu, mitemo maitiro evanhu. Zvinofadza chaizvo kuti kunzwisisa nzira chepfungwa mifananidzo sezvo pfungwa inoshanda uye chii, apo zvinotisimbisa rakafuridzirwa zvinhu uye vanhu. Kudzidza nyaya idzi uye anokanda zvepfungwa, iyo inorondedzera pacharo somunhu sainzi, asi kusvikira zuva rino vava kuda kutenda, unyanzvi uye zvesayenzi kusvika.

Kwakadaro manhenda nzvimbo wepfungwa nokuti kuti kwagara pasi kufurirwa simba kubva mumagariro dzidziso. Kazhinji kukura imwe munda rinotsanangurwa ruzhinji negwaro. Mumwe mamiriro ine canons ayo. Vane simba rokuchinja pokumuka mapazi yesayenzi. Somuenzaniso:

· Kuramba psychoanalysis;

· The omumwe dzidzo uye paumbwe unhu-mativi;

· Tarisa huripo zvinodiwa dzevanhu ...

Zvimwe bhuku

Kazhinji nesayenzi ari mudambudziko, izvo kwakawedzera mafungiro uye kuramba mamwe kubudirira munyika, kusada kushandisa migumisiro sayenzi zvepanyama mumunda ruzivo evanhu. Maererano neizvi bhuku Godefroy "chii zvepfungwa" kunokosha zvikuru. Zviri zvazvakanakira zvokuita muzvinafundo, kunoita kuti kushandisa rino sezvo chokurovedza kubva kukoreji kuti yunivhesiti.

Bhuku rino iri Encyclopedic. Zvinokanganisawo zvose zviripo musayenzi zvepfungwa dzinokura kukura kuchangobva zvayo kumatunhu akasiyana-siyana. Munyori anoona kuchinja maonero maonero, ndangariro, mafungiro. Zvinoratidza, chii kuita vanachiremba, izvo chikuru basa vanofanira kusarudza sei kukura zvakanaka anozorora pane socio-chaivo data, sematsananguriro nevavariro zvounhu vanhu munzanga.

The mharidzo zvinhu

Kunoshamisa basa kwepfungwa dzinokwezva kwete kwamagwaro kwesayenzi chete, asiwo kududzirwa zvabuda. ave muvambi akaedza napo kutiza zvematongerwo enyika. Ndiye chokwadi kuti sayenzi kunova yechokwadi apo nhaurirano kwouzivi kuchatsiviwa dzose huru uye akasiyana chiedzwa. Munyika kosi, pfungwa dzinogona kurondwa inonanga zvichienderana nemitemo zvepfungwa maererano zvigadziriswe kwouropi basa.

Pakupedzisira, bhuku zvinhu rinotaurwa zvakanyatsorongwa uye didactically zvawataura - kubudikidza kwevari kunzwisisa. basa Written Godefroy - Kazhinji zvepfungwa rokushandisa muzvikoro, umo chitsauko chimwe nechimwe chinotanga mharidzo yacho inokosha zvinhu. Zvadaro akawedzera chikamu "Documents" Zvimwe mashoko. mafomu akazvimirira anoratidza kunyatsonzwisisa (kwouropi basa, uye Statistical kuongorora).

A chinokosha basa reDare remibvunzo pakupera nechimwe chitsauko uye kukwanisa kuzvidzora. The Ongororo anogona kuitwa tichibatsirwa makombiyuta, zvichava aivabatsira zvikuru basa kuitwa uye kuzvidzora.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kana munyori aiva mboni Marc Richelle, zvakaitika kwaari chinhu varaidza chiitiko, iyo gare gare kukanganiswa ake nyanzvi basa. Mudzidzisi vakamuendesa nomumwe kuongororwa wokutanga, izvo aifanira kutora.

Godefroy aizoita dzidziso muCentral Africa. Asi aifanira kugara kuti uongorore ethnographic anthropology, uye kwaiva nevamwe chinokosha Makwanza zivo yedu yacho. Mark Rishel akafunga kuti hazvina kunaka kuti munhu anoda kushanda nokukurumidza munzvimbo chirango ichi kunokosha chaizvo. chinhu ichi haawanzopiwi akasangana apo kudzidza panguva rokumanikidzirwa purogiramu kutanga nzira Psychology. Zho Godfrua akabvumirana mudzidzisi uye vakabvuma rakaoma. Akakurumidza akadzidza akarasika zvinhu uye kunzwisisa pamwe kudzidza. Izvi Muitiro rava kuchikosheswa muduku musayendisiti - akazvipira experimental zvepfungwa, chii abudirira zvikuru.

Jo zvinoratidza kuti munhu wose kuti unogona kuva vaviri murume chiito, ane zamu, vaneshungu nevakwegura, unhu uye mukanyatsoteerera hwakaoma rabhoritari muoti. The musayendisiti akaratidza fungidziro uye wokutanga vaidzidza kuti anosanganisa nemaonero ethology uye mhuka experimental zvepfungwa. Vamwe vakasvika ichi, pashure chete gumi.

Kupedza usiku hwose pedyo hamsters Godefroid akatora firimu, iyo yava kuratidzwa vadzidzi. Makore 12 gare gare hamsters vakanga yatsiviwa Canadian mapuroteni, iyo purofesa vanosungirwa chinopenya doctorate chinyorwa. Panguva iyoyowo aishanda oga muQuebec, apo vose nguva akatungamirira kudzidzisa.

Zvakasiyana

Artwork Godefroy, izvo munyaya muudzame vakawanda zvepfungwa - bhuku zvikoro yakakwirira, chine zvimwe zvinyorwa kuratidza itsva nzira kudzidza.

Maonero ake ane Misiyano nevaya Michel de Prakontalya popularizer, munyori webhuku rinonzi "Scientific kubiridzira mune zvidzidzo gumi." Maererano Godfrey, Michelle anonyadzisa masayendisiti kubva kuminda nesayenzi: wefizikisi, zvipenyu, neurophysiologists, ethologists, uyo ave zvokutsvakurudza refu vakauya dzinoverengeka hypotheses, mhiri ndaisagona sainzi.

Jo anofunga kuti nzira yakanakisisa kuti anogona kushandisa wacho uye nevamwe vanhu kuti kukura mafungiro dzinonetsa, ndiko maximize chinangwa kupa nzira tsvakurudzo, paumbwe nedzidziso uye yokutevedzera, kukudyira mumwe uye kutsvaka vamwe panzvimbo pakati nevanhu .

Past uye Present

Munyori inotiratidza kuti pfungwa "mweya kufunga" uye "pfungwa mhuka" Descartes, maonero Freud kuti "libido" uye "subconscious" uye vamwe yataurwa mubhuku, vanachiremba havafaniri vanoti chokwadi uye vari vamwe nzira " vanyengeri ". dzidziso dzavo achiri kuti risimbiswe. Panyaya iyi, hazvibviri kuramba kuwedzera maonero uye kufunga, somuenzaniso, "holographic" pfungwa Pribram uye Bohm kuti pfungwa "iri pakadzika kuzvida," Lilly nevamwe.

The musayendisiti vade mubasa rake zvakadzama kuti zvepfungwa haagoni uye havafaniri kumirira kwokupedzisira dzidziso kwouropi basa, uye ipapo tinoedza kunzwisisa uye chiito. Psychology vachiri vaifanira kuumba yayo hurongwa yokutevedzera, kudzidza zvinobudirira kubatsira vanhu kuti rudo, kurarama uye kufa.

Nhasi, zviri zvikuru, nokuti vanhu kutarisira kuunganidza ruzivo, izvo zvichaita kuti tikwanise kusiyanisa gorosi kubva hundi uye musavadzivisa munzira.