Famous vanachiremba vanenge yokuzviratidza, zvepabonde, rusununguko uye Humanism.

Psihologiya- imwe sainzi mudiki, asi kakati kumutsa nyika yavo zvakawanwa vakakundikana. Pakati pavo, "Dzidziso psychoanalysis" Freud uye kuziva inokukura simba kwevanhu pabonde chido, chido uye dudziro "chepiramidhi zvinodiwa" Maslow. A yakawanda hype zvaitwa anotarisa chiNazi Freudians Erich Fromm dambudziko evanhu ani, somugumisiro kuchinjira kumamiriro zvinodiwa munzanga. vanachiremba Most munyika asinganeti kunetseka mabasa: kunzwisisa munhu, yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora subconscious rake uye kuziva chii chinovakurudzira, zviito zvake.

Abraham Maslow yake "remazera zvinodiwa"

Vazhinji vanachiremba vakakurumbira, kusanganisira Maslow akashanda ari kukurudzira. Kunzwisisa chinotuma munhu uye anoita kuti ataure, iye akakwanisa declassify chete nezvepfungwa iyi American. Maslow akawana kuti kuratidzwa soro dzavo nezvaanogona munhu unofanira kusangana kuti vasiri zvinodiwa. Pachishandiswa Zvakawanikwa izvi uye yakavakwa "Maslow kuti akanyatsorongwa." In ayo muzvikamu zvishanu, uye chete kundosangana rapfuura chinodiwa, munhu anokwanisa kuenda inotevera. Pyramid anotarira kana ukatarira mujinga rezasi pachikuva, sezvinotevera:

- vasiri zvinodiwa;

- kudiwa kudzivirirwa uye vakachengeteka;

- aifanira kuva pasocial boka, kugamuchirwa vanhu;

- kudiwa noruremekedzo uye kuzivikanwa;

- kudiwa yokuzviratidza.

Vanhu vanokwanisa kusvika wechishanu pachikuva, kwete zvokuti. Maererano Maslow, pane 1-2 chete%. Akarondedzera kwavari seizvi: vanhu ava kugutsikana chose pamwe kubudirira, zvinogona kuda vamwe muviri, nyore ukama uye vanokwanisa kunzwisisa manzwiro aiita vanhu. Vane akazvimiririra, gutsaruzhinji, uye vane rokusika ainoita upenyu.

Sigmund Freud

Zvichida zita "yakakurumbira wepfungwa" achiri muridzi neDare yeAustria Sigmund Freud. dzidziso dzake zvokuti aizivikanwa kuti hakuna munhu asingazive zita. Ndiye wokutanga akatanga kutaura zvepabonde sezvo motokari simba kukura unhu. Kana kurara kuti chero zvikonzero, kumanikidzwa kubva pfungwa dzevanhu, ruchapinda muruoko subconscious pfungwa uye anogona kuoneka muzviroto, shamwari, ndishushikane. mukurumbira vanachiremba vakawanda mhosva uye zvichiri mhosva dzidziso psychoanalysis, Freud, tichifunga kuti zvinotiswededza pedyo mhuka. Maererano mhosva kwake vanhu unhu inoumbwa zvitatu zvinoti:

- nayo - chaivo kukwezvana;

- I - ndiye anokonzera chisarudzo yokurwisana pakati payo uye super-aonekwe nevamwe;

- super-aonekwe nevamwe - yakasimbiswa dzemunharaunda uye tsika munhu.

Humanism pamusoro Erich Fromm

Famous vanachiremba, vateveri Freud kwakaita, haagoni kuita pasina dzidziso "humanistic psychoanalysis," Erich Fromm. basa rake kwaibva kusawirirana chokuvapo kwevanhu uye zvinetso evanhu vemazuva ano. Fromm aidavira kuti vanhu vari zvakare vanongozvifunga, uye nzanga zvino dambudziko. Uye chete "utano" vanhu, vakakwira pamusoro pemisimboti Humanism, kungachinja vanhu mafungiro kurutivi hunhu, vanhu uye mumwe. Pfungwa Humanism uye tarira munhu anogona kuda, Fromm akatsanangura mubhuku "Unyanzvi Rudo."

Book wepfungwa ano Aleksandra Chernitskogo "zvepfungwa Easy" akaita hwakonzera utsinye mashoko. Vazhinji anozivikanwa nezvokurara, haina panoonekwa Freudianism, uye nezvemurume kurapwa basa iri. In Chernitski kurondwa nezve zvepabonde sezvo uchityaira mashandiro unhu kukura, anoongorora matambudziko mwoyo pamusoro mafungiro, zviito yomunhu uye maonero Kusiyana nevanhu, zvichiita toga vaya vasingadaro. Psychology sezvo sayenzi kuramba ichishanduka, uye, sokuti, vakawanda vanachiremba vakakurumbira havana nguva kumutsa voruzhinji mutsva dzidziso.