Alkali - garo ichi kana kwete? Ndezvipi ehupfumi ayo?

Chii asidhi kana munyu yayo, vakawanda kuzivikanwa. Zvakaoma kuwana munhu haasi akabata dende vhiniga kana kushandiswa muupenyu chikafu, pasina iro sokuti manyoro uye shata anenge chikafu chipi. Asi chii nesipo? Izvi zvakafanana nechepasi, kana kwete? Chii chinoita kuti vakasiyana asidhi? Mibvunzo yakadaro inogona chigutsa munhu, uye saka patinobvumira vasimbise ruzivo kuti kamwe vaiva chikoro.

Alkali - chii ichi?

Chokutanga, chicherwa mukomboni nemvura makemikari anonzi hydroxides. The fuma iri mhando, ari Ammonium, alkali kana pasi alkaline simbi, inozivikanwa sechinhu alkali. Uyewo, nechigadziko - ndiro electrolyte, yaisanganisira, kuwedzera hydroxide ions (OH ^-), hapana zvimwe anions. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti alkali - iri chero soluble chawo. Yokuumba resimbi hydroxide akadaro subgroups Ia uye IIa (avo inozotevera karusiyamu). Mienzaniso yeimwe dzakadaro angava yavaibvisa nesipo (NaOH yemaitiro), yavaibvisa bariat (Ba (OH) _2), potassium hydroxide (Koh), necesium hydroxide (CsOH), etc. Dzinomirira yakasimba chena fuma, ayo nemupristi hygroscopicity inozivikanwa.

ehupfumi alkalis

Nemukuparadzwa mumvura yeimwe zvakadaro pamwe yakawanda nokupisa nechizvarwa. In Group Ia alkali akasimba - a necesium hydroxide uye Group IIa - Radium hydroxide. Muenzaniso uyu mhando kusimba kwakaita vanogona kushumira amoniya uye slaked madota. Caustic alkalis vari soluble ari panyaya iyi uye methanol. In yakasimba mamiriro zvose izvi zvinhu yekubata mvura kubva mumhepo uye carbon dioxide uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuva carbonates. Chinonyanya kukosha enzvimbo alkali ndechokuti somugumisiro kwayo kuita chete iine acid munyu aumba - izvi hazvisati zvave chaizvo inowanzoshandiswa indasitiri. Kuburikidza kwokubatana izvi zvinogona kuitika Magetsi, uye saka vari inowanzoshandiswa electrolytes. Vakagadzirira kushandisa electrolysis pamusoro alkali chlorides kana zvokuverengera oxides ose alkali simbi nemvura. The Indasitiri inowanzonzi anoshandisa nzira rokutanga uye rechipiri inoshandiswa kunyanya kubudisa slaked madota. In imwe alkaline ezvinhu, izvozvo urwa mafuta, uye pfuma iyi zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa sipo. A zvinoverengeka nezvigadziko anogona kuparadza chirimwa uye mhuka munyama, kutsvinyira ganda uye kuparadza mbatya. Alkalies vanogona sei nedzimwe simbi (semuenzaniso aruminiyamu), uye dzinokwanisa kudzivirira simbi kubva ngura. Ivo husingakwanisi kupisa - yavaibvisa hydroxide anogona achanyauswa uye vakauya mota, asi hahuzongoparari anoora. Ava akasiyana chaizvo kubva alkali insoluble zvigadziko, zvimwe izvo (somuenzaniso, sirivha hydroxide) uchiora kunyange nzvimbo tembiricha. Uyewo acids, izvi zvinhu zvinoda kutarisirwa rukuru uye rurefu yaanoti kuchengetwa vakachengeteka audzwa. Ziso kudzivirira kana tichishanda nesipo kazhinji vanopfeka magirazi. Kuhuchengetedza anobvumirwa chete chinokosha midziyo - kunwa mudziyo kuti kukodzera.