Environmental Education kuenda kukireshi uye vana Russia chikoro. Development dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza

Environmental dambudziko womunhu uye hunhu panguva nderokukurumidzira. Mukuwedzera, sei nharaunda nzanga yevanhu zvinoda zvakakomba zvikuru. vadyi basa chete vanhu, yakaitwa pachishandiswa achinyatsoziva zvose mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa, vachakwanisa kuzoponesa nyika. Man anofanira kunzwisisa kuti ndiye chikamu hunhu, uye kuti anosarudza ariko mamwe zvipenyu. Kuti tinzwisise kukosha mabasa evanhu, dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza inofanira kutangira pre-chikoro zera.

Kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza dzidzo kuenda kukireshi vana

Kukireshi yakatamira itsva mitemo yeUnited dzidzo, icho chinoreva inotungamirwa vana kwezvakatipoteredza tsika. Chizvarwa chitsva anofanira kutarira chinangwa panguva zvoupfumi basa munhu, uye kutarisira hunhu. Environmental dzidzo yevana vanoenda kukireshi anoratidza paumbwe unyanzvi hwakadai.

Psycho-pedagogical zvechadenga kwezvakatipoteredza budiriro

Preschool pauduku kunokosha nokuda pakuzadzisa mwana. Yakanga mumakore okutanga makore manomwe choupenyu paumbwe mwana wacho, nguva dzose kuvandudzika ake mupfungwa uye mumuviri parameters, ndiye pakagadzwa dzakazara unhu. In achiisa vanoenda kukireshi kumwedzi kunoitika kuburikidza kudyidzana nenyika mupenyu. Environmental dzidzo yevana vane vanoenda kukireshi zera zvinoreva paumbwe zvavo tsika dzenyika mupenyu, dambudziko iri riri kugadziriswa imwe kukireshi mudzidzisi.

Nhoroondo kukura dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza

Vadzidzisi nguva dzose akabhadhara sezvikuru hunhu senzira kukura uye dzidzo yevana vanoenda kukireshi. mudzidzisi Polish Ya. A. Kamensky aiona nyika zvipenyu kwainyatsobva ruzivo, nzira dzichiri pfungwa wemwana, zvinoreva nezvainoita pfungwa. mudzidzisi Russian K. D. Ushinsky zvinganaka "kuzozivisa vana zvakasikwa," akadaro anobatsira uye zvinokosha zvivako zvenyika mupenyu, apo mukusika unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana nendumure.

Pre-chikoro dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza kwava zvikuru kukosha kubva pakati rokupedzisira remakore. Panguva ino yeMethodist uye vadzidzisi oga sezvo nzira huru - paumbwe ruzivo mune vana vanoenda kukireshi pamusoro nyika. Development dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza mune vana kuenda kukireshi yakatora makore 70-80 remakore rechi20. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20, nzira itsva kudzidzisa, uye kuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dzidzo kuenda kukireshi vana zvakare wakavhomorwa hanya vanodzidzisa uye vadzidzisi. Kuoma chinenge dzidzo pre-kuchikoro, ruzivo itsva yokungotaura wakaitirwa nayo. New mitemo dzidzo vakanga mimba, izvo aizobatsirawo zvinobudirira mupfungwa kukura kuenda kukireshi vana.

Vanachiremba A. Wenger, N. Poddyakov A. Zaporozhets hunonzi akaratidza kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza dzidzo yevana, kukosha Kuwanikwa pachena serin'i inotungamirwa.

Pfungwa dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza akagashira kufadza wedzera pakupera rokupedzisira remakore. nzvimbo New dzidzo yakava zvisingaiti pasina dzidzo zvachose zvakatipoteredza. MuRussia, rinokosha yokuti dzidzo zvechigarire zvezvakatipoteredza yambokurukurwa, pamwe chikuru kubatana munyika yaiva nzvimbo dzidzo kuenda kukireshi. Nguva iyi kunoratidzwa omumwe vana kuwana mupfungwa hunhu, kuunganidza pfungwa pamusoro siyana kwemarudzi zvoupenyu. Zviri makore 5-6 ndiyo paumbwe hwaro chikuru zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mafungiro, nekuisa kutanga zvinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika.

Mapurogiramu munyori nokuratidza vanachiremba uye vadzidzisi, zvainanga kukura mune nendumure aesthetic ukama kuti chokwadi uye hunhu.

Mienzaniso zvirongwa pre-chikoro

Program SG uye VI Ashikovyh "Semitsvetik" pfungwa dzidzo netsika uye zvipenyu zviri kuenda kukireshi vana, pova vapinde vapfumi, kuzvicheka-inotsigira, unhu hwomudzimu. Sezvo nemimba magadzirirwo pakati vanyori, kureva kwezvakatipoteredza dzidzo vana anovadzidzisa kufunga, kunzwa nyika, kunzwisisa kukosha nyika mupenyu. Chirongwa kunosanganisira vagari basa kuenda kukireshi vana nevakuru vari kukireshi, kwakabva mhuri, nevana Studios.

Sezvo vanoenda kukireshi kudzidza vawedzere horizons dzavo, ivo vakaumba tsika uye aesthetic unhu. Kukwanisa kunzwisisa kunaka kuti ariko zvakasikwa, ari kukunda pakutevedzera nezvakatipoteredza dzidzo yevana. Chirongwa ane huru misoro miviri: "Munhu," "Nature". Ona "Nature" anotanga umambo huna kuripo paNyika: zvinomera, zvicherwa, mhuka, murume. Pasi dingindira "Man" vana nezvazvo vanozvinyima tsika, magamba enyika avo vakasiya nyika kutungamirira zvakanaka.

Chirongwa "Musha Wedu - Nature"

Environmental dzidzo uye dzidzo vana vanoenda kukireshi kunobvira uye chirongwa TEKSTO Ryzhov "imba yedu -. Hunhu" Zvinonzi zvainanga kukura rokusika, kushingaira, kuda munhu preschooler makore 5-6 yokuva RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero yakapoteredza zvakasikwa, kunzwisisa nzvimbo yake zvake. dzidzo yakadaro zvipenyu vana vanoenda kukireshi anobatsira vana kuti tsanangudzo maonero ukama nechisikirwo, kuwana zivo kutanga zvakatipoteredza. Vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa kumawadhi avo kutora basa utano, zvakatipoteredza. Chirongwa vanotarisirwa kutanga muna kutanga unyanzvi vanoenda kukireshi nomazvo uye yakachengeteka maitiro muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye hunhu, rinoshanda kubatanidzwa vana vari nezvakatipoteredza basa mudunhu ravo.

Chirongwa zvinofanirwa 10 dzakabatana. Mumwe ane Kurerwa uye dzidzo yake zvinoriumba, izvo unyanzvi akasiyana: mafungiro hanya, vane hanya, kugona kuona runako. Vanopfuura hafu chirongwa chokuita zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa: ivhu, mhepo, mvura. Zvidhinha matatu zvachose chose kuti mhuka: zvinomera, zvinhu zvipenyu, mhuka. Pane chikamu chepurogiramu chokuita nesungano pakati zvakasikwa uye murume. Maitiro zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dzidzo uye kutsigirwa ari muchimiro kukura inotungamirwa iri kudzorwa dzichiri kwezvakatipoteredza, pane dzakananga kurumbidza kunodzidziswa.

Kunyanya munosimbiswa pamusoro munyori ngozi tsvina zvinoberekwa vanhu. To vana zvakanga kunakidza mukirasi, nzvimbo chaiyo iri akapa zvipenyu ngano, ngano kujairika mhuka.

Chirongwa "Young ecologist"

kosi iyi akasikwa pakupera rokupedzisira remakore S. Nikolaev. Wokutanga dzidziso uye maitiro dzidzo zvakatipoteredza, sezvinoreva munyori, ane Sub-zvirongwa zviviri. Chimwe chikamu rakazvipira nezvakatipoteredza kukura vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro, uye chechipiri kunosanganisira Kurovedza kukireshi vadzidzisi. Chirongwa iri zvakakwana yokungotaura hwaro, nzira inoshandiswa dzidzo zvakatipoteredza. Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna zvinoshanda chikamu, familiarizing vana kuti zvinomera, kutarisirwa mhuka. Kids, achiita akasiyana-siyana zvakaitika, ziva kuti zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti chirimwa kukura. Vachadzidza nemamiriro zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Ecological zivo munyori pfungwa, zvinofanira kuva nzira wezvamatongerwe rudo hunhu, vagari redu.

vadzidzi Environmental dzidzo zvava nevakawanda munyika dzakawanda Russia. Nokushanda pamwe chete dzezvakatipoteredza uye vadzidzisi, pane nzira kuti kufungawo vemo munzanga uye zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu achibvumira kuchengetedza tsika dzenyika.

VaMethodist munyaya vanoenda kukireshi dzidzo, kunzwisisa kukosha pakuita zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika muduku vanoenda kukireshi zera.

Observation mu Environmental Education

Chero sangano, kusanganisira kwezvakatipoteredza, dzinosanganisira kushandiswa zvimwe nzira. Education uye zvose-kumativi kukura vana vanoenda kukireshi rinoitwa nevanhu nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Inonyatsobudirira ndiko kusuma vana zvisikwa. Kids kuziva zvose zvakasikwa: chando, mvura, muraraungu. The Provider anofanira kutanga unyanzvi Kuongorora zvakasikwa. Maiva muna mabasa ake inosanganisira inculcation rudo kune zvakawanika, unyanzvi nezvemhuka uye zvinomera hanya. Mudzidzisi anofanira kutsanangurira vatambi vake kukosha kutarisira zvinhu zvipenyu, kusashivirira kuti kukuvadza zvinomera, mhuka. Musimboti pakuongorora une zivo zvinhu zvakagara uchibatsirwa kutarisana, tactile, olfactory, auditory kunhuwidza. Nokucherechedza mudzidzisi anodzidzisa vana kusimbisa zvakasiyana zviri dzinongoitika zvinhu, kufamba mu maererano zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu hunhu, kusiyanisa mhuka, zvinomera.

Mudzidzisi akataura zvinoratidza hwesangano chiitwa zvainanga refu uye ndichibvunza kudzidza vana zvakasikwa.

Sezvo chinangwa zvichiongororwa ndiwo kukura unyanzvi, mamwe dzidzo. Environmental negwara preschools zhinji vakasarudzwa kuva panzvimbo yokutanga, iyo zvakananga simbiso kukosha kwayo uye nemusoro.

Wepfungwa S. Rubinstein anotenda kuti akataurwa ndiwo mugumisiro achifunga kuti akaona mwana dzinongoitika chinoshamisa. Zviri nedanho pakuongorora ndiyo dzidzo, kwezvakatipoteredza omumwe zvaakaona. K. D. Ushinsky aiva nechokwadi kuti maonero, iyo inechirevo nedanho pakuongorora, anomupa kunyatsoshanda uye kushanda. Siyana zviitwa vaipa vana makore 4-6 zera, kwakavakirwa pakuongorora, inobatsira kuti pave inonzwisisika mafungiro, pakuongorora, yevasungwa. Zvakaoma kufungidzira pasina pokudzora dzidzo ipi pre-kuchikoro: zvipenyu, tsika, mifananidzo.

Mudzidzisi EI Tiheeva akafunga kuti akanga ari mukirasi, zvichiratidza zvichiongororwa, rubatsiro kuumba matauriro vana. Kuna mudzidzisi yasvika chinangwa, anoshandisa anokosha unyanzvi kuti vakwanise kuti kuronga chinoshingaira manzwisisire vevaanodzidzisa. Mudzidzisi anobvunza mubvunzo kuti rinosanganisira kutsvakurudza, kuenzanisa, achitanga kubatana pakati zvakasiyana mananara uye anopika nemhuka. By kusanganisira basa vose vana pfungwa, kwakacherechedzwa anotibvumira zvakazara kuziva zvakakodzera ruzivo. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha nzeve, asi nokuti mudzidzisi kunodiwa zvakarurama kudzora nguva, zviri kudzidzwa.

Zviri nokucherechedza vanoenda kukireshi kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa, ayo zvinhu zvinochengeterwa. Concrete, akajeka, risingakanganwiki mifananidzo, mwana anoona nokukurumidza. Zviri unyanzvi izvi achashandisa papera muupenyu: mukirasi, panguva rutsigiro.

Chii kukosha zvichiongororwa kuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dzidzo kuenda kukireshi vana

nzira iyi kunoratidza vana Akasununguka uye kusiyana kwenyika mupenyu, ukama pakati ayo zvinhu. Mugore systemic kushanda pakuongorora, vana kudzidza kutarisa mashoko, kunzwa kuchangotanga kuchinja uye kukudziridza masimba avo pakuongorora. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti paumbwe aesthetic kuravidza vana, zvazvinoita vavo kunzwisisa pfungwa zvenyika. Educator kushanda nevana kushandisa dzakasiyana marudzi zvaakacherechedza. Kuziva akataura anoshanda:

• iumbe pfungwa kubva vana pamusoro kusiyana nemhuka nezvirimwa zvenyika;
• akadzidzisa kuti vanoziva chiri zvinhu;
• kusuma zvinhu sezvo chinhu mamiriro;
• vaunze pfungwa pamusoro kukura, kukura mhuka uye zvinomera;
• ona mashoko kuchinja pamwaka zvezvakatipoteredza

Nokuti nzira kuti zvikuru, mudzidzisi rinogadzira mamwe Handouts. Kuumba mafomu kubva nomumwe wemigove, richigadzirisa mhuka, batsira kuziva zivo vakanga vakawana panguva pakuongorora preschooler.

Long-izwi akataura rakakodzera vana makore 5-6. Guys kuongorora kukura, kukura muti, voga kuchinja, kuona kufanana uye kusiyana kwokutanga uye yokupedzisira yemiti.

Long-izwi zvakawanika zvinoratidza tsanangudzo kuzviongorora ukama pakati zvinomera vavo nzvimbo, uyewo Kuongorora morphological uye dzichipfekeka kugwinya. Pasina kuramba zvichiongororwa uye rutsigiro kune vachengeti akadaro nezvechisarudzo haazogumisi migumisiro pakuongorora.

Modern kuenda kukireshi dzidzo: zvipenyu, tsika, mifananidzo, kuenda kukireshi anosarudza pacharo. Vamwe kindergartens vari dzinounzwa mumwe boka yayo mirayiridzo okukura, kana kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Kana kusimbisa pre-kuchikoro ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kukura mbudzana, purogiramu anosarudzwa. Kunosanganisira kuisa zvinangwa zvakajeka, zvinangwa. Chaizvo chinangwa, kufunga zera peculiarities uye kukura vana panyama.

Matambudziko vanofanira kunzi rokudzidzisa zvakasikwa, omerera pfungwa basa vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro, tinofanira kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo chaiyo chinokonzerwa mudzidzisi munguva kosi.

Research kuitwa mwana vanachiremba, akasimbisa kukosha kwedzidzo systemic zvakatipoteredza. Kids, tinyatsoziva vapenyu nonliving nyika mumakore 3-4, kuchinja nokukurumidza kudzidza kuchikoro, regai nezvinetso mukukurukurirana nevezera ravo, vane zvakanaka kutaura, ndangariro uye kutarisirwa. Ruzivo rwakawanikwa kukireshi, kuenda kukireshi kudzamisa, chinamatidzwa, systematize zvidzidzo kuchikoro chepuraimari. GEF, kwakamboitwa dzidzo muduku, kunosanganisira paumbwe mune vana zvokutanga Dzidziso mhuka nzvimbo.

Kuti vawane mugumisiro ichi anopiwa nzira dzakasiyana siyana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dzidzo yevana.

Zvokuongorora dzokubvisa vanoenda kukireshi

Vhiki kosi familiarization vana kuchinja pamwaka kwezvakatipoteredza akasika S. N. Nikolaevoy. Munyori anopa mumwe mwedzi kuti vhiki imwe kuchengeta okunze:

1. Daily Kuongororwa weather.
2. Munokuridzirwa pamiti, pasi viomak.
3. Watch mhuka mhuka mukona kukireshi.
4. Daily muzadze makarenda zvakasikwa.

S. N. Nikolaevoy unyanzvi hunosanganisira misha kuti "vhiki pakuongorora" ose mwedzi kuti vhiki imwe. Somugumisiro, kunyora ekunze mepu, iro vakomana kuongorora kuchinja mhuka, iyo muriwo nyika. Munguva Kuongorora okunze, vana secrete zvakananga mananara, ona umbirimi yavo. Ndichiverenga ekunze, ivo kuteerera parameters matatu kuona mamiriro denga mhando kwemvura, ukuru kupisa kana kutonhora, kuvapo kana kusavapo mhepo.

richiona kwakadaro zuva nezuva nokuchinja okunze, mudzidzisi anoronga munhu siyana, vakasvinuka, zvinonakidza vana hazvina kuderera, asi akawedzera. Izvi "Environmental Week" - mukana mukuru mupfungwa rudo zvakasikwa, tanga pfungwa pamusoro nemwaka vavo unhu.

mhedziso

Vaya ruzivo pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza kuti achawana vana panguva zvokutanga zvaanorumbidza, mhedziso, zvakaitika, batsirai vana kunzwisisa siyana wevapenyu nonliving nyika. Classes zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza wezwi achiitiswa kufungisisa vasiri, mupfungwa peculiarities kuti kuenda kukireshi zera kuchabatsira vana kuti tinyatsoziva zvakasikwa, kunzwisisa kukosha kwavo, chinangwa. Mwana, uyo kubva mangwanani pauduku vakajaira rudo, kukoshesa hunhu, haangatongooni kubviswa miti uye makwenzi pasi, hwega mhuka, kutanha maruva. Environmental dzidzo - rinokosha dzidzo pre-pachikoro. A-siyana unyanzvi yakataurwa mwana vanachiremba uye vanoona, kubatsira dzidzisa rudo ramangwana pakutanga miti, maruva, shiri, mhuka, hove. In dzakawanda pre-zvikoro dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza akamisa yavo mhenyu nzvimbo. Kutarisira vageremo zvinoita kuti paumbwe zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika.