Western Siberia: vanhu uye upfumi. Western Siberia: huru bazi upfumi

Western Siberia, vanhu vemo uye upfumi izvo zvichashandiswa kurondedzerwa Papera, imvura nenzvimbo nzvimbo. It iri munharaunda Eurasia.

tsananguro

Kubva Kumaodzanyemba pamuganhu pamwe pedyo Siberia the Russian Federation rinoti: China, Mongolia uye kuKazakhstan. Kubva kuchamhembe zviri yakabatana kweArctic Ocean. Divi rokumadokero kweSiberia iri kungogumira Mountains Ural, rokumabvazuva - Kupatsanura Range Pacific. Zvinyorwa Written aunganidzwa ethnographic, matongo, ngano zvinhu kubvumira kuti kufambidzana zita nezita mundima dzinza kuti kugara mundima Irtysh nzvimbo musango-inowanzorimwa pakupera 1000 BC. e. Chaiva madzitateguru Ugrian uyo akabatana refu kusakarongeka nevamwe Nzanga Kazakhstan uye Western kuSiberia.

Origin of zita

The toponym "Siberia" iri wakapata zita Hagan Eastern Turkic Khaganate Shibir Khan Zimbabwe Turk-Shad. The zita aina, uye gare gare kuti kugarwa sipyrov mupenyu pamahombekombe erwizi. Irtysh. Muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechi13 zviri Mongol vemauto vaiziva dondo vanhu, ainzi "Shibir." Kubva 2nd hafu rechi13 uye rechi14 emakore Siberia kare zvikuru kuwanikwa sezvo zita imwe ndima, Munotatamura kuchamhembe Yechinwiwa pfuma miganhu. Zita raishandiswa yaMakoronike Russian. Saka, muzana remakore rechi15 inowanikwa muzvinyorwa "nyika Siberian". In yenhau zvakarurama zvakarurama anotsanangura nzvimbo yaro. It kunoratidzwa ive nzvimbo iri dzakaderera kunosvika of Tobol uye Irtysh paavhareji. Kune zvimwe zvizvarwa sipyrov akararama. Vakanga zvikurukuru wakafananidzwa ne Turkic okunze. Izvi chinosiyanisa kubva mamwe mapoka Ugric marudzi ari rezasi Ob uye Irtysh. Pakupera rechi15 ikoko statehood Tobolsk Tatars uye Türkicized-Ugric marudzi sipyrov. Zvinoguma Siberian Khanate. Pamwe naye muzana remakore rechi16 vaizivikanwa Mangazeya, Yugra uye Tyumen Khanate. Pashure Moscow Russia yakahwina Astrakhanskoye uye Kazan Khanate atanga kutamira akananga kuSiberia. Promotion akaenda hike Ermak muna 1582, gore.

zvimwe nguva

In tsarist nguva, Siberia akava agrarian province. Rinotaurawo yaiva nzvimbo mujeri kwouranda uye nhapwa. Pakutanga kwezana 19-20 emakore. Trans-Siberian Railway yakavakwa. kuvaka Its kutamira kundima vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 3 of. Nokuda mutsika vanhu vakatanga kuumba kurima mu dzokuMadokero uye Eastern kuSiberia. MuSoviet nguva, zvokurima kugadzirwa akaramba. Izvi kukanganiswa kuwedzera kukosha ndima seinokonzera hydropower uye zvicherwa.

Resources uye zvakasikwa zviri

Okunze ndiko zvikuru Continental. Vazhinji ndima inogarwa kuWest Siberian Plain. In kumaodzanyemba pane makomo Altai, Salairsky muhomba, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri Shoria uye Kuznetsky Alatau. Nokuti kuti nharaunda anomhanya kuburikidza zvose zvakasikwa zvikamu zviri achinaya mvura uye inowanzorimwa pamberi, pano anomiririrwa kusiyana nevhu, pasi topsoil. Specialization upfumi Western kweSiberia inoratidzwa zvakajeka zvikuru. Zvinonzi anokonzerwa unhu, akafanana uye bhuku zviripo pano peturu uye simba uye chicherwa pfuma. In mashoko Kuwanikwa zvicherwa siyana, zviratidzo zvavo kugadzirwa nharaunda iri kutungamirira nzvimbo munyika.

simba

Akafanirwa naye pane chinoshingaira kusimudzira upfumi Western kweSiberia. On nharaunda pane zvinenge zvose zvinozivikanwa mhando mafuta uye simba zvinhu. Kune shava uye zvakaoma marasha, gasi, mafuta, peat. Ndima akapfuma simba pfuma uye unconventional. YeHydrocarbon deposits dziri mumafuta uye gasi norunyoro Western Siberia. Zviri mukati Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk uye Tyumen kumatunhu uye Yamal-Nenets uye Khanty-Mansi zvionera Area. Muchikamu ichi dzichiitika vanenge 58% of kutanga mamiriro mafuta uye vanopfuura 60% of gasi Dam. In Western Siberia akabudisa anopfuura bhiriyoni 7 matani wokutanga uye 8 tiririyoni mamita ^{3 rechipiri} mokuwana. Zvisinei, mudunhu zvakasiyana hombe zvinogona mafuta uye gasi kubereka. On nharaunda pane vanzika matura mafuta uye gasi. rakawandisa yavo 45% uye 56% (azvaitwa) yose inowanwa kutanga. Izvi zvinoratidza munhu Geological ruzivo hwaiva pasi pamusoro nharaunda.

NHC

The kushingaira bazi upfumi kuWestern kweSiberia achakupaiwo vanenge 14% of zvachose kwakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa munyika. Pakati mamiriro ezvoupfumi nzvimbo, nzvimbo iyi iri pamusoro shanu. Nokuda yakakwirira Kuwanikwa yepamusorosoro zvinhu mudunhu zvinonyatsozivikanwa akaumba yezvokutengeserana upfumi. Western Siberia unobereka vanenge 12% okuwana. On nharaunda mune zvinopfuura 14% kubva pazvinhu yesangano dzenyika uye 20% of zvigadzirwa zvinoberekwa chivakwa dzakaoma weRussia.

indasitiri

Zvinonzi inobva upfumi Western kweSiberia. Mugove maindasitiri nemauto chinoita 74% of zvachose Vhoriyamu kwakakomba remunharaunda chigadzirwa. kwemauto Izvi dzinoratidzwa akasiyana specialization. Nokudaro vakawanda vaipa fuel (marasha, mafuta uye gasi) kumatunhu yasara. Economy kuWestern kweSiberia Handingambofungi pasina yemagetsi simba, petrochemical uye makemikari maindasitiri, zvokuimba mapurani. Vose chokuita mupopotedzane kugadzirwa. Makemikari yakaoma chinomiririrwa emakambani pamusoro Tobolsk, Tomsk uye Omsk uye Kemerovo nharaunda. Machine-kuvaka mafekitari anogadzira zvigadzirwa nokuda simba zvekutepfenyura, nokuti marasha indasitiri uye muchina chokushandisa. Pasinei kusiyana kwayo mamiriro, emari Western kweSiberia kutambura chinokosha kurasikirwa mumakore 90. Industrial Kugadzirwa yakaderera nezvikamu vanenge hafu. About 30% vari pari ari turnover motokari. 65% of pre-kuchinja pamwero vaiita zvokurima muWestern Siberia.

Electrical simba

Maererano padanho kudyiwa nharaunda kwayo inoremekedzwa rechitatu nzvimbo munyika. The chikuru nzvimbo kushandisa magetsi anoshanda maindasitiri kunzwisisa. Wedzerai vatengi tichiregeredza pakati Urals uye kuSiberia kupota zvechitima. Hwaro Magetsi nzvimbo - guru CHP uye IES. Vari kushanda kupfuura gasi Tomsk uye Tyumen kumatunhu, uyewo kabhoni (muna Novosibirsk uye Kemerovo dunhu -. At veko, muna Omsk - iri dalneprivoznom). Nzvimbo anonzi anenge samosbalansirovannym magetsi.

Current nzvimbo basa

West Siberian mundima kwenguva inoramba hwaro paumbwe mafuta uye simba kunzwisisa weRussia. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti pokutanga nzvimbo yacho inofanira:

• Improvement kuti marasha uye mafuta uye gasi enyika.
• Social zvakanaka vashandi.
• Kuvandudza simba zvakanakanaka mudunhu. Chokutanga, chinangwa ichi kunokwanisika tichiregeredza magetsi, gasification, Implementation kuti zviripo uye michina apiwa zvokushandisa anenge ose zviripo mabhora zvoupfumi.
• Environmental nyaya iri huru kabhoni, gasi uye mafuta Mazinga munzvimbo.

mhedziso

Western kweSiberia anonzi mumwe vakapfuma zviwanikwa zviri munharaunda. Pane zvakasiyana-siyana mumatanda. Zvisinei, Research uye kutanga kundima, iri kudziviswa kushandisa okunze. The remoteness yacho nharaunda kubva muzinda ehurumende haabvumiri kuti zvakazara kuongorora uye zvinetso zvose mundima. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvirongwa Government vakaisa zvoupfumi chirongwa Western kweSiberia. Kuedza vachava achinyanya zvainanga kukwezva kushanda mudunhu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, yakatanga zvemagariro panorongwa, kuti asike zvinhu zvakakodzera nokuti vanhu. Progress uye zvishoma nezvishoma mazuvaano pakati zvokushandisa akaitwa.