Igaroziva zvirango pamusoro Russian upfumi. Migumisiro yacho nokuiswa zvirango. Russian upfumi nhasi

Gore rino, kuRussia upfumi pasi huru dzakawanda kumanikidzwa. matanho anoshanda rikashandiswa ne dzimwe nyika kuRussia, vari kuratidzwa dzakasiyana siyana zvirango. Chii chinonzi hunhu hwavo? Chii matambudziko zvirango pamusoro Russian upfumi? mikana Munotadzanura kukwira Russian Federation chii nokuda kuchinja zvekunze zvakatipoteredza?

Musimboti zvirango

Maererano nenyanzvi munharaunda iri vanhuwo nemaonero, kuti nokuiswa zvirango pamusoro Russia nokuda kuchitendero enyika panzvimbo Russia chokuita Ukrainian dambudziko. Western inoti, zvakawanda zvacho chikamu NATO, vaiona zvisingagamuchirwi zviito zviremera Russian pachinhu kuCrimea uye kumabvazuva kumatunhu Ukraine, izvo, maererano Atlantic bloc nyika, muri mabasa aifarira-Russian mapoka nezvombo.

Sezvo zvirango yakadaro zveupfumi uye enyika. Chikamu chokutanga zvakasiyana mhando zvezvirango pazuva rechipiri - pakatanga vakuru uye zviri pamutemo masangano ari akakodzera zvirango mazita.

periodization kuti zvirango

Funga kutevedzana umo vakatakura zvirango pamusoro Russia. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti pasuru zviyero yokutanga akaiswa chiito pakarepo pashure Russia vakatsigira referendamu muna Crimea nekudunhu akabatanidza nhengo dzaro. Western inoti atakurukura zvaiitwa zviremera Peninsula, uyewo nzvimbo Russian pamutemo. Tevera Coils zvirango dzaibatanidzwa, vaongorori vanoti, mimwe panova zvinhu muUkraine.

Zvirango: dambudziko nokuda upfumi yeRussia

Chii chingava migumisiro zvirango nokuda Russian upfumi? Nyanzvi dzinoti zvinetso chikuru angamuka ari imupota. Chokwadi chokuti upfumi Russian rakanyatsojeka novimba zvainoreva mukuru zvigadzirwa, injiniya zvigadzirwa, Pharmaceuticals, zvikurukuru uye zvokudya. The chikuru vadyidzani yeRussia pamusoro kupinzwa inongova dzeEU, avo kuti vakashandisa zvirango pamusoro Russia. Kana upfumi pakuderedza kuMudzidzisi matanho achava systemic zvakasikwa, kwaiva kupinza zvigadzirwa, nyanzvi dzinoti, musatora refu.

Kutsvaga investor

Igaroziva zvirango pamusoro Russian upfumi anogona zvakajeka kurondwa mune zvatinoita kukwezva wokumwe inivhesitimendi. Zvikurukuru, vanogona kukanganisika chikwereti ratings of Russian Federation, ndiyo chikuru chinoratidza nyika Kukwezva nokuda wokumwe guta. inflows kuderera kungakonzerwa slowdown GDP, nezvoupfumi vanotenda. Russian upfumi nhasi, vaongorori vanoti, ndizvo chaizvo kutsigirwa dzimwe guta. Stock exchanges RTS uye MICEX muzadze liquidity kunonyanya kukonzerwa kukwezvana vokune dzimwe nyika upfumi.

Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinoti, guta guru wokumwe vangasava kumadokero mavambo. It pane Zvinogoneka kuti nzvimbo makambani kubva EU uye US achatora, muti, kuti capitalists of BRICS nyika, izvo, maererano vaongorori vakawanda, iye zvino vatsigiri reRussia. Uye nekuti dzakaderera ratings pasi methodologies yakatanga muna US uye EU haagoni kuita basa rinokosha mune zvatinoita inivhesitimendi.

Zvirango uye rwezvemabhengi gadziriro

In chii chinogona kurondwa kufurirwa zvirango pamusoro rwezvemabhengi mamiriro Russia? In kwemauto ichi, vaongorori vanoti, zvinogona kuti kupfuura chidzoke yokutyisidzira kuti upfumi munyika. Chokwadi chokuti Russian rwezvemabhengi gadziriro iri revatema saka munyika (izvo, akavapindurawo, dzinongoita raitungamirwa US dzaro nevatsigiri Western), kuti mari dzekunze chaizvoizvo kuwana kiyi utariri zvigadziriswe kwaari. Nhoroondo American uye European mabhanga uchipinda kushandiswa nemabhizimisi Russian. Uye kana mbiri uye mari nemasangano Western nyika vachisarudza gwamba iri yesangano, zvinogona kukonzera, nyanzvi dzinoti, zvinokosha kuvadza emakambani Russian kushanda nezvavatorwa mabhanga.

Zvirango (kubva EU) vanga zvavakatemerwa pamusoro kupfuura Russian-bhengi mari masangano akadai VTB, Sberbank uye VEB. Zvikurukuru, EU vagari kubva pakutanga August, zvakanzi airambidzwa kubva pakuwana zvimwe dzakasiyana-siyana kuchengetedzeka ose nemasangano aya. Maererano vanoongorora, mune tsika iyi kunoreva chinhu chimwe chete - nemabhangi izvi Russian isisina kuwana misika guru. Uye nekuti vanogona kuva nezvinetso kuripwa ano chikwereti sungiro, kunyoresa zvikwereti zvitsva uye upfumi.

Visa - muRussia?

Chimwe chezvinhu yokufananidzira mhosva mutemo pamusoro zvinhu zvakadai matambudziko zvirango pamusoro rwezvemabhengi mamiriro yeRussian Federation, anogona kunzi kuvhara kupfuura kuripwa enyika nyika - Visa uye Mastercard - kubhengi nemakadhi masangano akawanda zvemari kuRussia, akadai "Sobinbank" Bank "Russia" "SMP Bank". Bhadharai kushandisa dzakawanda kuwana migero, vatengi kuti mabhanga aya vakasagona. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti akochonorwa zvachose kubva Russian pawaitengesa Visa uye Mastercard musingazopandukiri. Kana izvi zvikaitika, pane ngozi kutsiga EU zvemari hurongwa.

Mumwe mugumisiro zvirango zviri pakati rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura chingava tikadzivisa anomukweretesa kumakambani Russian kuMadokero. Terms yemutoo wezvikwereti kubva Western mabhanga, kakawanda kacho, pane Russian Federation (kunonyanya kukonzerwa yakaderera mubereko prices). Zvisinei, mashoko anobatsira kwechirwere zvirango pamusoro yebhizimisi chinoumba mbiri ingasaoneka zvinokosha kana Entrepreneurs vachakwanisa kutaura nedzimwe misika tichitaura zvikwereti. Imwe ndiyo nyanzvi Russian anoona Chinese shanduro.

zvose panguva mabhanga?

Batsirai mabhanga Russian mu Pakuurayiwa Central Bank akagadzirira zvirango. Kunyanya, vezvenhau vakabudisa mashoko Central Bank utungamiri dzakawanda mari reserves zvinogona kushandiswa kana zvakakodzera kuti chinangwa ichi. Pemahombekombe kupfuura Russian Federation yakazivisa kuti vave vakagadzirira zvirango. Utungamiri Sberbank raMwari, zvikurukuru, akutaurira kuti tsika ine zvakakwana zvinhu, utariri ruzivo uye pamwero unyanzvi kuramba ari kuitika zveupfumi uye enyika ezvinhu. "Gazprombank" uye VTB vave nechokwadi voruzhinji kuti zviito US uye EU hakumbokanganisi mari kutsiga masangano. Saka, matambudziko zvirango pamusoro Russian upfumi sezvo chikamu rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura ingasaoneka rinokosha.

Zvirango uye mukana

Maererano nedzimwe nezvoupfumi, EU zvirango - a pembedzo zvakanaka pakagadzwa nyaya iri Russian upfumi, izvo, nemhaka zvakasimba dzidziso kuti aina mafuta, haasi kukura nokukurumidza sezvo kugona.

Mukuru zvinogona, vaongorori vanoti, aripo chete chete imupota. Russia ine zvakakwana zvinhu - zvose maererano kugadzirwa kugona uye pakugadzira zvinhu, uye maererano nesayenzi zvinoriumba kubereka unorema nenhumbi yabva kumwe.

zvinogona mhinduro

Ndezvipi zvigadziriswe nako Russia dzinopikisa zvirango? Kutanga Zvinokosha kucherechedza wokurera muna 2006, vasati vatanga kuva yakajeka pafungidziro yacho Ukrainian dambudziko, mutemo pamusoro chaiwo zviyero zvoupfumi hunhu, iyo inogona kushandiswa kana nyika ichava kudiwa kupindura ipa mabasa kuti vari kutyisidzira zvido Russia, pachiyero dzakawanda ukama. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha pamutemo zvinhu kuti zvinogona kutumirwa pakupindurwa nokuiswa zvirango zvayakatemera Russia, varipo. Uyezve, pane uchapupu hwokuti ari zvivako zviri Federal Assembly basa iri pakusikwa mabasa matsva pamutemo, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera siyana RF countermeasures zvaoma dzakawanda. Zvikurukuru, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mitemo mitsva inogona zvaisanganisira zvokudya achibvumira kutorerwa zvinhu riri Russian Federation of dzimwe makambani (zvose pachena uye pasiri).

Kugamuchira zvirango

Pasinei nokuti zvikonzero pakatanga zvirango zviremera okuRussia vakaverenga pachishandiswa nevamwe pamusoro vakuru, rusina uye zvinopesana pfungwa, countermeasures pamusoro Western nyika, rakafanana Varwisei Russia, vakanga vachiri rikashandiswa. Kunyanya, panguva sefungu kuMudzidzisi dzomunyika zviyero hurumende yeRussia rokutanga yakasarudza kuumba mazita vanhu vane mugari kuWestern, vari kuramba kupinda kundima yacho Russian Federation.

Apo Visa uye Mastercard, sezvatakagamuchira akati apa, vakarega kushumira kadhi akawanda mabhanga Russian, zviremera Russian yakasarudza kuwedzera basa pakutanga, pamusoro pokumuka National muripo hurongwa, uye chepiri kuti akwezve pamusika of Russian Federation of Chinese kushumira Railways - UnionPay, izvo zvinogona kuva chakakomba mukwikwidzi kuti vatungamiriri venyika ano. Izvi kukonzera Visa uye Mastercard vari zvinokosha, maererano nedzimwe nezvoupfumi, kukuvara - mazana emamiriyoni emadhora.

The zvakakura Russian pasuru kubva countermeasures raiva Kurambidzwa zvainoreva kupinda Russian Federation guru-siyana zvigadzirwa zvokudya, kunyanya nekanzuru EU chikafu indasitiri (uyewo mapoka in Canada, Australia neUnited States). Mukutanga August, President Russian atara runoenzanirana chirevo. The mazita zvinhu dzakawira pasi zvirango semutongo zvidyo zvakasiyana-siyana - nyama, nomukaka zvigadzirwa, hove, miriwo, michero. In mashoko mari chaienzanirana zvachose zvainoreva sezvo vaongorori vanofungidzira, nenguva okusuma countermeasures akaenzana bhiriyoni 9.

Uyewo August, vave kuchinjwa chiedza indasitiri. Zvikurukuru, zvokuvakisa chidimbu zvakarambidzwa kubva zvipfeko akamendwa dehwe uye furs. Zvisinei, nyanzvi havana kufunga danho iri hurumende yeRussia zvakananga apindure zvirango, sezvo unoenderana muganhu sei zvinyorwa kubva kunyika dzose, pasingaverengwi avo kuti, pamwechete Russian Federation vanobatanidzwa mune Customs Union, kwete chete Western.

Consequences "antisanktsy" nokuti EU

Chokwadi chokuti zvirango Western iri Russian upfumi anogona kukonzera matambudziko ari imupota pamwero, isu kare, dzichishandisa muenzaniso maindasitiri zvinoverengeka. Asi zvichaita panguva anzwe zvakanaka pachavo exporters vatorwa vanoti chete ouinjiniya zvigadzirwa. Avo kusvitsa midziyo kuRussia? Ndezvipi pezvingazoitika kuti EU zvirango? Maererano neimwe nyanzvi inotaura Reuters The anonyaradza vokuEurope Ungangove haazovanzwiri. Chimwe chezvinhu vanoshingaira ishamwari yeRussia mune zvoupfumi bhora - Germany. Kune vazhinji :. About 300 zviuru Jobs muGermany zvakadaro zvinoratidza basa muminda pamwe Russia. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kunze kwenyika German kuRussia inogona kuderedzwa makumi wandei muzana (kunyanya mumunda zvokuimba okugadzira). Zvisinei, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinokosha kukanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa upfumi Germany zvavo kuwedzera ukama naye Russia haazovanzwiri. Just nokuti kuitika Russian basa zvachose German wokumwe zvokutengeserana zvino hapana anopfuura 4%. Saka, matambudziko zvirango pamusoro bhizimisi nyanzvi kunoonekwa Europe sezvo zvakakwana shoma.

Grocery "antisanktsii"

Nezvemarapirwo dzakakomba zvikuru, maererano nyanzvi, ivo countermeasures nezviremera Russian - kurambidza youhu EU zvigadzirwa. vanoongorora Vazhinji vanodavira kuti varimi European sei zvirango kunokosha chaizvo. Vazvo muRussia vazhinji vavo yakanga runovimbisa profitability, asi vamwe mabhizimisi uye zvose zvikuru okutengesa mugero. Find vatengi dzimwe mumisika, vaongorori vanoti, zvokudya emakambani kubva EU achakwanisa nokukurumidza. Uye saka munguva yemberi iri pedyo, basa ravo zvichida kashoma kuti purofiti.

European Fund

Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti nemigumisiro zvirango nokuti EU angasava sezvinoita, kunyanya, matambudziko zvirango pamusoro Russian upfumi. Mugove kunze kwenyika okurima zvigadzirwa kubva EU kuRussia - asingasviki 5% hwenyika nokuwadzana ichi enyika. Uye vanoita izvi pasinei nokuti kuti Russia - wechipiri kuti EU maererano pamusika chidimbu ichi. Uyewo, pane uchapupu hwokuti EU iri kuenda kudzikamisa zvichibvira nezvinhu "antisanktsy" pamusoro chikamu Russian Federation, kushandisa maturusi zvikuru akasika Fund. Zvisinei, kukosha kwayo, maererano vaongorori, haisi zvokutadza hunoshamisa - mamiriyoni 400 euros. A nyika kuti anogona vanotambura "antisanktsy" vakasimba kupfuura vamwe - Finland. Pamusaka enzvimbo napedyo ndiwo mamiriro uye Russian Federation vane pedyo zveupfumi ukama. Inenge 25% kubva kunze kwenyika kubva Finland anoenda Russia. Zvisinei, mugove zvokudya imomo - asingasviki 3%.

vangangoramba yokugutsikana

Chii chave matambudziko zvirango pamusoro Russian kurima? Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti zvokudya zvirango pamusoro vaburitsi kubva EU kwakativhurira rakakura mikana agrarians weRussia. Muzvikamu dzakawanda akachenurwa musika niches, kana vari ndoda nomuti. Pane maonero kuti vaburitsi zvokurima yeRussia dzisina kugadzirira zvikuru unopinza kuwedzera bhuku goho, uye ichi pakava zvinokwanisika nezvezviitiko zviviri: Kuzadza niches nokuda bhizimisi munyika kuti murege kuwira pasi zvirango, kana kuti zviri zvishoma zvinokosha kuti upfumi yokuRussia Federation, kuti kwaita chaihwo wezvokutengeserana dhefisiti. Uye, sezvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera mitengo.

Russian upfumi nhasi, vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanotenda, usingabviri zvakazara pave chinobudirira imupota kuzvitsinhanisa asi - kusanganisira mumunda hwokurima. Vanoongorora vakaona kuti kuwedzera kutengesa mitengo mishonga yakasiyana kwakaitika nguva pfupi yakakwana pakatanga "antisanktsy". Maererano vanoongorora, pakazopera 2014, dzimwe mhando chinokosha zvinzvimbo vanogona kukura neinopfuura 30%. Paavhareji, zvigadzirwa zvinoumba dengu inokosha, kuwedzera mitengo kungava vanenge 15%. Pane mukana, vaongorori vanodavira kuti kuwa uhwu zvigadzirwa pamusoro echiShinto. MuRussia, uyewo munyika dzakawanda, apo zvinofungirwa kupinza zvinhu, kugadzira mitemo hazvina kuzviomesera sapamazuva Europe.