Phenols - chii ichi? The zvivako uye Kuronga phenol

Phenols - This Organic zvinhu chokuita zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon. Vanogona kuwanikwa zvakasikwa, asi kupfuura zvose anozivikanwa kumunhu avo yaunganidzwa chakagadzirwa nzira. Vari zvino kushandiswa chaizvo makemikari indasitiri, kuvakwa, mapurasitiki bhizimisi uye kunyange mukurapa. Nokuda mukuru chepfu ehupfumi, kutsiga ayo yeimwe vavo kukwanisa kupinda munzvimbo womunhu kuburikidza ganda uye kufema gadziriro kazhinji phenol chepfu. Naizvozvo, fuma iyi achaendeswa boka yeimwe ane zvikuru chepfu uye kushandiswa kwaro zvachose inodzorwa.

Ndezvipi phenols

Izvi makemikari kuitika zvakasikwa uye dzikabereka ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai. Natural phenols zvinogona kubatsira - chinhu antioxidant polyphenols kuti zvimwe zvirimwa kuporesa vanhu. A chakaita zvokugadzirwa phenols - ine uturu fuma. Mushure kuonana ganda, ivo kuti kokutsva, kana kupinda mukati muviri - zvakasimba muchetura. Izvi yeimwe kunzwisisa kungova yainge aromatics zvaive kuva gaseous ezvinhu ari kudziya zvishoma kupfuura 40 inegumi. Asi chaiye ezvinhu, zviri pachena crystalline fuma ine yakananga kunhuwa.

Kutsunga phenol anodzidzwa pachikoro mukufamba makemikari kemisitiri. Muchiitiko chino, rinoreva sezvamunoita wayo, nemamiriro Morekuru uye njodzi. About zvepanyama zvinhu veboka, vachiridza basa guru zvakasikwa, vanhu vakawanda havana chavanoziva. Ungaita sei munguva phenol? The Zvinoumba ichi kwemakemikari remubatanidzwa yakareruka Morekuru -benzoic boka, hydrogen okisijeni.

marudzi phenols

Izvi zvinhu zvose zviri zvirimwa zvakawanda. Vanopa Ruvara madzinde, maruva, munhuwi, kana dzinga tupukanana. Panewo chakaita zvokugadzirwa yeimwe zviri muchetura. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Natural phenolic yeimwe - ndiko capsaicin, eugenol, flavonoids, lignans uye nezvimwewo.
2. Akanakisisa kuzivikanwa uye muchetura phenol - carbolic acid.
3. Connection butylphenol, chlorophenol.
4. Creosote, Lysol nevamwe.

Asi kunyanya vanhuwo vanoziva vaviri chete mazita: carbolic asidhi uye phenol pacharo.

The ehupfumi pamusoro yeimwe izvi

mishonga izvi vane toxicity kwete chete. Vari anoshandiswa murume nokuda kwechikonzero. Kuti uone unhu ane phenol Dendere kunokosha chaizvo. The remubatanidzwa wenyika kabhoni, hydrogen okisijeni anohupa chaiwo ehupfumi. Ndokusaka chichiri kushandiswa nevanhu phenol. The ehupfumi venyika remubatanidzwa ichi ndeinotevera:

• crystalline ichi fuma ine simba chinonhuhwira;
• phenol dzinonakidza pakarambwa zvinokonzerwa mhepo - the crystals kuchinja ruvara: kutanga kutendeuka Pink, ipapo vachiva mashava Hue;
• phenol ane pasi kwazvo utsotso pfungwa;
• Mumwe yepamusoro kwayo - ndiyo acidity;
• fuma Izvi zvakanaka soluble doro, mafuta, alkalis nezvimwe Organic uye inorganic zvokufembedzwa, uye mvura chete anokwanisa wokuparadza phenol ari tembiricha pamusoro madhigirii 70;
• kwemakore akawanda, phenol yeimwe musaora ehupfumi dzavo, saka kuti zvinhu zvose zvakavakirwa pavo varambe chepfu kubatsira vanhu.

Basa phenols zvakasikwa

Izvi zvinhu zvinowanika zvirimwa zvakawanda. Ivo vanobatanidzwa pakasikwa ruvara dzavo uye munuhwi. Capsaicin pungency inopisa mhiripiri. Anthocyanins uye flavonoids yakasvibiswa omuti uye ketol kana eugenol zvinopa chinonhuhwira pamberi maruva. Mune dzimwe zvinomera zvine polyphenols, zvinhu inoumbwa nokubatana akawanda mamorekuru ose phenol. Ivo anobatsira utano hwevanhu. By polyphenols zvinosanganisira lignins, flavonoids, uye vamwe. Izvi zvinhu vane mafuta omuorivhi, michero, nzungu, tii, chocolate nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vamwe vavo vave rejuvenating kushanda uye kudzivirira muviri kenza. Asi panewo chepfu yeimwe: tannins, urushiol, carbolic acid.

Phenols kukuvadza vanhu

Izvi zvinhu nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka zvose rinokwanisa kusvika nyore kupinda muviri kuburikidza ganda uye nemapapu. Ropa unoumba munhu phenol remubatanidzwa nevamwe zvinhu uye anova muchetura. The yepamusoro wevasungwa kwayo mumuviri, zvikuru vanoipwanya zvinogona kukonzera. Phenol anotyora huta uye kumwoyo, rinokanganisa chiropa uye neitsvo. It anoparadza masero matsvuku eropa, kunokonzera neutachiona uye maronda.

Kazhinji, phenol chepfu kunoitika Via mvura yokunwa, uyewo kuburikidza mhepo iri kwakavakirwa umo nomukaka ayo akashandiswa pakuvaka, pendi kana midziyo mukugadzira.

Inhalation ayo yeimwe rikauya kupisa Airways, nasal vasafara uye kunyange pulmonary edema. Kana phenol anowana paganda rako, zvinoitika rakasimba namakemikari pisa, pashure izvo kuva havaratidzi kuporesa maronda. Uye kana waguma kupfuura kota ganda kwevanhu, inotungamirira kurufu rwake. Netsaona ingestion kuti mishonga chiduku phenol, zvakadai semvura utachiona, kuva gastric urikanwi, incoordination, kushaya mbereko, mwoyo kukundikana, ropa uye kenza. mishonga Large pakarepo kurufu.

Where zvinoshanda phenols

Pashure kuwanikwa fuma iyi yakawanikwa kugona kwaro kuchinja ruvara mudenga. unhu ichi esimbi rakashandiswa pagadzirwe madhayi. Asi zvino vamwe ehupfumi ake pazvakawanikwa. Uye phenol remubatanidzwa rave kushandiswa chaizvo basa nevanhu:

• nokuti kugadzirwa pendi uye varnishes;
• chokubata mhuka namatehwe muchiedza indasitiri;
• ari zvaAtemisi zvinhu zvenaironi, zvinhu zvenaironi nezvimwe micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa;
• kudzivirira mhuka purazi kubva chirwere;
• sechikamu kwemishonga yezvipembenene;
• iri kugadzirwa utsi kuti kusvuta zvigadzirwa;
• mu mapurasitiki;
• mune detergents uye kuchenesa nevamiririri.

Inoshandiswa mukurapa

Kana bactericidal ehupfumi pamusoro phenol, zvakava zvinowanzoshandiswa mushonga zvakawanikwa. Zvikurukuru nokuti disinfection pamusoro kwakavakirwa, maturusi uye kunyange maoko netsvimbo. Uyezve, phenols - ndivo vanonyanya zvinoumba zvimwe zvinodhaka dzakakurumbira: aspirin, snowstorm, zvinodhaka kurapa tibhii, fungal zvirwere uye antiseptics siyana dzakadai xeroform.

Zvino Phenol rinowanzoshandiswa zvizoro kuti yakadzika ganda peeling. Inoshandisa ehupfumi ayo kupisa pamusoro rukoko pamusoro Epiderme e.

Kushandiswa phenol kuti disinfect

Panewo gadziriro unokosha chimiro okuzora uye mhinduro kushandiswa kwokunze. Rinoshandiswa kuti disinfection zvinhu uye hukawanika mumba, nematurusi nembatya. Pasi pokudzora chiremba phenol anoshandiswa kurapa warts, pyoderma, impetigo, folliculitis, purulent maronda uye mamwe ganda zvirwere. The Kugadzirisa unobatanidzwa pamwe zvakasvibirira sipo rakashandiswa disinfection pamusoro kwakavakirwa, soaking nguo. Kana iwe kurisanganisa eparafini kana turpentine, inova disinsection ehupfumi.

Haukwanisi kubata phenol zvakawanda nzvimbo ganda, uyewo dzimba rakagadzirirwa kubika uye chikafu chekuchengeta.

Sei muchetura phenol

A inouraya dose of fuma kuti akura munhu zvingava 1 g uye vana - 0,05 phenol chepfu kunogona kuitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• asiri pawakaperera nekuchengetedzwa kubasa pamwe zvine chepfu;
• pakuparwa tsaona;
• asiri zvaidiwa dosing mishonga;
• paaishandisa epurasitiki nyaya ine phenol, zvakadai zvokutambisa kana midziyo;
• kana isina kukodzera kuchengetwa mhuri makemikari.

In chenjera chepfu zviratidzo zviri kuoneka pakarepo, uye iwe unogona kuva munhu rubatsiro. Asi phenol ngozi ndechokuti kana ukapiwa chiduku dose izvi hazvigoni kufuratirwa. Naizvozvo, kana munhu anogara munzvimbo umo rinoshandiswa kupedza zvinhu, pendi uye varnish zvinogadzirwa kana fenicha zvinobereka phenol, pane chirwere chepfu.

Zviratidzo nomuchetura

Zvakakosha kuziva dambudziko. Izvi zvichabatsira nenguva kutanga kurapwa uye kudzivirira rufu. The huru zviratidzo zvakafanana nokuti mamwe chepfu: svoto, kurutsa, hope, uye dzungu. Asi pane mamirire zviratidzo iyo munhu anogona kudzidza kuti murume akanga rakacheturwa phenol:

• kupfungwa mweya;
• kufenda;
• rakapinza kuderera tembiricha muviri;
• dilated vadzidzi;
• pallor;
• kupfupika mweya;
• chando ziya;
• kuderera mumoyo mwero uye BP;
• abdominal kurwadziwa;
• reropa manyoka;
• makwapa chena pamiromo.

Uyewo vanofanira kuziva zviratidzo chisingaperi nomuchetura. Kana ukagamuchira mishonga duku kupinda muviri hauna iziviswe zvakasimba zviratidzo izvi. Asi phenol kunoderedza utano. chisingaperi chepfu zviratidzo ndiwo:

• kakawanda migraine nomusoro;
• svoto;
• dermatitis uye neutachiona;
• kushaya hope;
• intestinal zvirwere;
• zvakakomba nekuneta;
• kugumbuka.

rubatsiro First uye mabatiro nomuchetura

Munhu wacho vanofanira kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga uye sei kusunungura kwachiremba nayo nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Matanho kuti zvinofanira kutorwa pakarepo pashure kuonana phenol, kuvimba nenzvimbo yaro kupinda mumuviri:

1. Pashure kuonana ganda, wosukurudzwa nemvura, haagoni kupatsanurwa kana mafuta anopisa mafuta.
2. Kana phenol yakarova nomuromo - sukurudza, regai kumedza chinhu.
3. Kana ikavamedza, kunwa sorbent, akadai marasha, "Polisorb", hazvina varumbidzwa kugeza kunze dumbu kuti kudzivirira mucosal kutsva.

Ari kurapwa Zvivako chepfu zvakaomesa uye refu. Akaita kufefetedza, dezintosikatsionnaya kurapa chinotarisirwa mushonga - karusiyamu gluconate, vakashandisa sorbents, nemishonga, mwoyo mishonga,

Safety mitemo kushandiswa phenols

Utsanana-epidemiological dzemunharaunda munyika dzose makasimbisa vaifanira bvumidzwa nenhanho phenol wevasungwa munguva indoor mhepo. A yakachengeteka dose iri 0,6 MG por 1 kg muviri uremu. Asi mirau iyi regai kurangarira kuti nguva dzose kubvuma kunyange phenol wevasungwa mumuviri, zvishoma nezvishoma anovaka uye anokwanisa kuuya zvakakomba kukuvadza utano. fuma iyi hungabudiswa mumhepo kubva epurasitiki zvigadzirwa, pendi, fenicha, zvokuvakisa uye otelochnyh, zvizorwa. Nokuti Zvinoumba watengwa zvigadzirwa zvinofanira kunyatsoongororwa zvazvaiita uye, kana paine chinhu chisingafadzi chinonhuhwira vamwe zvinhu zviri nani kubvisa nayo. Kana kushandisa phenol nokuda disinfection kunofanira takanyatsoomerera chipimo chemushonga mhinduro uye okuchengetera mitemo.